© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Belajar dari Ekonomi
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Mengapa Belajar Ekonomi?
Biaya peluang/kesempatan
marginal/ tambahan
Pasar efisien
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Biaya Kesempatan
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Tambahan
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Pasar Efisien
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Banyak Manfaat Belajar Ekonomi
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Ruang Lingkup Ekonomi
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Keanekaragaman bidang study
ekonomi
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Metode Ekonomi
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Teori2 dan Model2
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Theories and Models
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Kebijakan Ekonomi
Kriteria yang termasuk hasil dari ekonomi:
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Membaca dibawah garis
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Positive and Negative Relationships
An upward-sloping line
describes a positive
relationship between X
and Y.
A downward-sloping
line describes a
negative relationship
between X and Y.
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Komponen sebuah garis
• The algebraic expression of
this line is as follows:
Y = a + bX
where:
Y = variabel bebas
X = variabel tetap
a = Y-intercept, or value of
Y when X = 0.
+ = positive relationship
Y Y1 Y0 between X and Y
b = b = slope of the line, or the
X X 1 X 0
rate of change in Y
given a change in X.
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Perbedaan Nilai Garis
5 7
b 0 .5 b 0 .7
10 10
0 10
b 0 b
10 0
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Strength of the Relationship Between
X and Y
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair
Perbedaan Diantara Garis dan Kurva
© 2002 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics, 6/e Karl Case, Ray Fair