Interaksi radiasi

dengan materi
Darmaini Hardiyanti
Radiasi apabila menumbuk suatu materi maka akan terjadi interaksi
yang akan menimbulkan berbagai efek. Efek- efek radiasi ini
bergantung pada jenis radiasi, energi dan juga bergantung pada
jenis materi yang ditumbuk. Pada umumnya radiasi dapat
menyebabkan proses ionisasi dan atau proses eksitasi ketika
melewati materi yang ditumbuknya
 Jenis interaksi radiasi

01 02 03

Interaksi radiasi Interaksi radiasi Interaksi radiasi

partikel partikel tidak gelombang
bermuatan bermuatan elektromagnetik atau
foton
 PROSES
IONISASI

Interaksi partikel bermuatan

PROSES
BREHMSTRAHLU
NG

PROSES
EKSITASI
 PROSES IONISASI

Ketika partikel bermuatan melalui suatu

materi, partikel tersebut akan
berinteraksi dengan atom-atom penyusun
materi dan menyebabkan beberapa
elektron terlepas dari lintasannya karena
adanya gaya tarik Coulomb. Proses
terlepasnya elektron dari suatu atom
disebut sebagai proses ionisasi. Setelah
proses ionisasi, atom yang mula-mula
netral menjadi bermuatan (ion) positif.
 Sepintas proses eksitasi mirip Dengan proses ionisasi. Akan tetapi, pada
proses eksitasi elektron tidak sampai terlepas dari atom. Elektron hanya
Berpindah ke lintasan yang lebih luar (energi lintasannya lebih besar).
Setelah terjadi proses eksitasi, atom tersebut berubah menjadi atom yang
tereksitasi. energi radiasi yang datang akan berkurang setelah melakukan
proses eksitasi. Ini terjadi karena radiasi mentransfer sebagian (atau seluruh)
energinya kepada elektron, sehingga elektron memiliki energi yang cukup
untuk berpindah lintasan. Proses eksitasi juga dapat berlangsung berulang
kali hingga energi radiasinya habis.

PROSES EKSITASI
 Proses eksitasi dapat terjadi karena partikel radiasi bermuatan yang
berinteraksi dengan materi yang menyebabkan struktur atom bahan
terganggu atau dalam keadaan tereksitasi. Pada radiasi alpha, peristiwa
eksitasi yang terjadi disebabkan karena energi radiasi alpha yang ditransfer
ke elektron orbital dari struktur atomnya. Keadaan ini yang menyebabkan
atom suatu bahan terganggu. Pada radiasi beta, peristiwa eksitasi bisa terjadi
karena pengaruh adanya peristiwa stopping power yang menyebabkan energi
radiasi beta hilang di sepanjang lintasannya.

PROSES EKSITASI
Proses Brehmstrahlung

Proses ini lebih dominan terjadi pada

interaksi radiasi beta dan elektron karena
massa dan muatan partikel beta relatif lebih
kecil sehingga kurang diserap oleh materi
dan daya tembusnya lebih tinggi
dibandingkan partikel alpha. Karena adanya
gaya elektrostatik, radiasi beta atau
elektron yang bergerak melewati inti akan
dibelokkan. Perubahan arah gerak ini
menyebabkan adanya perubahan
momentum yang kemudian akan
menghasilkan pancaran energi gelombang
elektromagnetik (foton). Foton yang muncul
pada proses ini disebut sebagai sinar-x
brehmsstrahlung
 TUMBUKAN MARS

INTERAKSI
PARTIKEL TIDAK
BERMUATAN
VENUS
TUMBUKAN ELASTIK

MARS
MARS
SATURN
A picture is worth a
thousand words
 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS

MERCURY SATURN MARS VENUS

It’s the closest It’s the ringed one, Despite being red, Venus has a
planet to the Sun composed mostly Mars is actually a beautiful name
and the smallest of hydrogen and cold place. It’s full and is the second
one in our Solar helium of iron oxide dust planet from
System the Sun
 FEATURES OF THE TOPIC

MARS JUPITER VENUS

Despite being red, It’s a gas giant and Venus has a beautiful
Mars is actually a the biggest planet in name and is the
cold place. It’s full of our Solar System. second planet from
iron oxide dust, giving Jupiter is the fourth- the Sun. It’s terribly
the planet its reddish brightest object in the hot, even hotter than
cast sky Mercury
 PROSES
IONISASI

Interaksi partikel bermuatan

PROSES
BREHMSTRAHLU
NG

PROSES
EKSITASI
 MERCURY MARS

INTERAKSI
PARTIKEL TIDAK
BERMUATAN
VENUS
SATURN

MARS
MARS
SATURN
 LESSON DEVELOPMENT

Mercury is the
01 smallest one

Saturn is the ringed

02 one

Despite being red,

03 Mars is cold

Venus has a
04 beautiful name
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust, which gives the
planet its reddish cast

Insert your multimedia content here

DID YOU KNOW...?

MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

SATURN
Saturn is the ringed
planet and a gas giant

MARS
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place
 ...and did you know this?

Despite being red, Mars is

actually a cold place. It’s full of
iron oxide dust, which gives the
planet its reddish cast

If you want to modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change
the data and replace it here
 PROBLEM SOLUTION

Mercury is the Jupiter is a gas giant

closest planet to the and the biggest
Sun and the smallest planet in our Solar
one in the System. It’s also the
Solar System. It’s only fourth-brightest
a bit larger than our object in the sky
Moon
 OVERVIEW DIAGRAM

PART 1 PART 2

NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH

LESSON 1 LESSON 2 LESSON 3 LESSON 4 LESSON 5

Mercury is Despite Venus is the Saturn is the Neptune is

the closest being red, second ringed the farthest
planet to the Mars is a planet from planet and a planet from
Sun cold place the Sun gas giant the Sun
EXERCISE

?
● Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun, but does its name have
anything to do with the liquid
metal?

● Contrary to popular belief, no.

The truth is that this planet was
named after the Roman
?
messenger god, Mercury
 ASSIGNMENT

Mercury is the closest planet to the

Sun, and Neptune is the farthest one.
Calculate the distance between these
two planets

?
 OTHER CONCEPTS

MERCURY SATURN VENUS

It’s the smallest This is the ringed Venus has a beautiful

planet in our Solar planet, composed name and is the
System and the mostly of hydrogen second planet from
closest to the Sun and helium the Sun

MARS JUPITER NEPTUNE

Despite being red, Jupiter is a gas giant Neptune is the

Mars is actually a and the biggest farthest planet from
cold place. It’s full of planet in our Solar the Sun and the
iron oxide dust System fourth-largest
THANKS!
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