Sistem Politik dan Ekonomi

masa Demokrasi Terpimpin

Latar belakang demokrasi terpimpin
1 Munculnya banyak gerakan didaerah menuntut
integrasi nasional

2 Dari segi perekonomian, sering terjadinya pergantian

kabinet pada masa Demokrasi Liberal. Menyebabkan
program-program yang dirancang oleh kabinet tidak
dapat dijalankan secara utuh, sehingga pembangunan
ekonomi tersendat

Dari segi politik, Konstituante gagal dalam

3 merumuskan UUD baru untuk menggantikan
UUDS 1950.
Demokrasi terpimpin adalah sebuah
periode politik Indonesia yang dapat dilihat
dengan memuncaknya posisi Presiden
Soekarno yang didukung oleh TNI dan PKI
dalam menggerakkan politik nasional.
 Dinamika Politik masa de
mokrasi terpimpin

melalui Dekrit Presiden. Pada hari Minggu, 5 Juli 1959

pukul 17.00, dalam suatu upacara resmi yang berlangsung
selama 15 menit di Istana Merdeka, Presiden Soekarno
mengumumkan dekrit yang memuat tiga hal pokok yaitu :
b. Isi Dekrit Presiden 5 Juli 1959, yakni:

 Dibubarkannya Konstituante.
 Tidak berlakunya UUDS 1950  dan berlakunya UUD
1945 kembali.
 Pembentukan MPR yang terdiri atas DPR dan DPAS.
2. Sistem pemeri  Sistem pemerintahan yang diterapkan adalah
Presidensial.
ntahan dan kons  Presiden berposisi sebagai kepala negara dan kepala
ep politik  pemerintahan serta tidak  bertanggung jawab kepada
parlemen/DPR.
 Dalam melakukan pemerintahan, Presiden mendapat
dukungan dari 3 kekuatan besar, yakni Nasionalis,
Agama, Komunis/ NASAKOM. Hal ini menciptakan
peluang bagi berkembangnya ideologi komunis.
 d. Presiden Soekarno mengemuka
kan bahwa :

1. Ajaran NASAKOM yakini, nasionalis, agama dan komunis. 

 Ajaran ini digunakan oleh PKI untuk menyebarkan
ideologi komunis.
 Ketua PKI D. N. Aidit berusaha menyebarluaskan
beberapa cuplikan pidato Presiden Soekarno sehingga
seolah searah dengan gagasan dan cita-cita politik PKI. 
 d. Presiden Soekarno mengemuka
kan bahwa :

2.) Ajaran RESOPIM yakni, resolusi, sosialisme Indonesia, dan

pimpinan nasional.
 Tujuannya adalah memperkuat kedudukan Soekarno.
 Dampaknya adalah, kedudukan lembaga tinggi dan tertinggi
negara ditentukan di bawah Presiden.
 3. Politik Luar Negeri 

“ “ “
1. Politik konfrontasi Nefo & Oldefo
“
Presiden Soekarno memperkenalkan doktrin politik baru yang memberi
bagian dunia menjadi 2 blok, yakni New Emerging Forces/NEFO dan
Old Established Forces/Oldefo. Nefo merupakan kumpulan negara
sosialis yang dianggap progresif dan negara yang sedang
berkembang, termasuk juga negara yang baru merdeka atau sedang
memperjuangkan kemerdekaannya.
“ “ “ “
 3. Politik Luar Negeri 

“ “
2. Politik mercusuar
“ “
Merupakan politik untuk mendapatkan kemegahan, keindahan dalam
pergaulan antarbangsa di dunia. Politik mercusuar dilaksanakan oleh Presiden
Soekarno karena berasumsi Indonesia sebagai mercusuar yang mampu
menerangi jalan negara-negara Nefo. Hal ini ditegaskan dengan:
 Membangun beberapa bangunan fenomenal yang perlu biaya miliaran
rupiah. “ “ “ “
 Mengadakan Games of the New Emerging Forces.
 3. Politik Luar Negeri 
3. Konfrontasi dengan Malaysia 

“ “ “ “
Pemerintah Indonesia berpendapat pembentukan Federasi Malaysia
sebagai proyek neokolonialisme Inggris yang dianggap membahayakan
Indonesia dan negara-negara Nefo. Kebijakan Presiden Soekarno, yaitu:
1. Mempublikasikan Dwi Komando Rakyat/Dwikora pada 3 Mei 1964,
yang berisi:
 Perhebat lagi ketahanan Revolusi Indonesia
 Menolong perjuangan rakyat Malaysia untuk terbebas dari
Nekolim Inggris.
“ “ “
2. Membangun Komando Operasi Tertinggi/Koti dan Komando Mandala  “
4. Indonesia Keluar dari PBB

Karena, telah menerima Malaysia sebagai anggota

tidak tetap Dewan Keamanan PBB dan PBB tidak
mengganti struktur organisasi PBB.

2015 2017
2019
4. Pembeba Perjuangan pembebasan Irian Barat melalui,
san Wilayah perjuangan diploma, Konfrontasi politik,
Konfrontasi ekonomi dan militer.
Irian Barat
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