• ANTI AMOEBIASIS
• ANTIMALARIA
• ANTITRIPANOSOMIASIS
• ANTIGIARDIASIS
ANTI AMOEBIASIS
Amubiasis sistemik :
abses hati
abses paru
abses otak
Sesuai tempat kerjanya antiamuba dibagi :
1. AMUBISID LUMINAL
diloksanid furoat, paromomisin, tetrasiklin
2. AMUBISID SISTEMIK
emetin, dihidroemetin, kloroquin
3. AMUBISID CAMPURAN
metronidazol
METRONIDAZOLE
Obat pilihan untuk
2. PAROMOMISIN
Trmsk aminoglikosid
Hampir tidak diabsorpsi
Menurunkan populasi flora intestinal
Amubisid langsung : efek pd membran sel
amuba
ESO : ggn sal cerna
AMUBISID SISTEMIK
1. KLOROKUIN
Antimalaria
Digunakan jg sbg amubisid sistemik
Mencegah abses hati amuba (bersama metronidazol)
Tidak bermanfaat untuk amubiasis intestinal
Obat Antimalaria
Malaria
Supressives
Chloroquine
Quinine, (-) (+) Heme Polymerase
mefloquine
Hemozoin
(Not toxic to plasmodium)
Pharmacokinetics
• Well absorbed, tmax 2-3 hrs , 60 % protein bound
• Concentrated in liver , spleen, kidney, lungs , leucocytes
• Selective accumulation in retina: occular toxicity
• T1/2 = 3-10 days increases from few days to weeks
Adverse drug reactions
• Intolerance:
• skin rashes, angioneurotic edema, photosensitivity
pigmentation, exfoliative dermatititis
• Long term therapy may cause bleaching of hair
• Rarely thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis,
pancytopenia
• Nausea, vomiting, anorexia
• Occular toxicity: High dose prolonged therapy
• Temporary loss of accommodation
• Lenticular opacities, subcapsular cataract
• Retinopathy: constriction of arteries, edema, blue black
pigmentation , constricted field of vision.
• CNS:
• Insomnia, transient depression seizures,
rarely neuromyopathy & ototoxicity
• CVS:
• ST & T wave abnormalities, abrupt fall in BP
Dosage
Dosis awal 10 mg/kg BB dilanjutkan 5 mg/kg BB pada 6, 12, 24
dan 36 jam berikutnya sehingga tercapai dosis total 30
mg/kgBB dalam 2 hari
Posologi :
Tablet p.o klorokuin fosfat 500 mg dan 250 mg dan syrup
klorokuin fosfat 50mg/5ml
• Tahun 1973 pertama kali ditemukan kasus resisten p falciparum
thd klorokuin di Indonesia (Kalimantan Timur)
• Tahun 1990, dilaporkan telah tjd resistensi P falciparum thd
klorokuin dan fansidar (P-S) hampir di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia
Artesunat 4 mg/kgBB
Amodiakuin 10 mg/kgBB
Primakuin 0,75 mg/kg BB