1. Cunningham,Gary,et al. Williams Obstetrics,23 rd Ed United State of America : MC Graw Hill Companies Inc. 2013.
2. Mathai M, Sangvi H, Guidotti RJ, Broekhuizen F, Chalmers B, Johnson R, et al. Integrated Management of Pregnancy ans
Childbirth. Managing Complication in Pregnancy and Childbirth. Geneva: Reproductive Health and Research World Health
Organization; 2002.
Cervical ripening
Kota, S. K., Gayatri, K., Jammula, S., Kota, S. K., Krishna, S. V., Meher, L. K., & Modi, K. D., 2013. Endocrinology of parturition.
Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 17(1), 50–59.
Tenore, J.L., 2003. Methods for cervical ripening and induction of labor. American family physician, 67(10), pp.2123-2128.
Indikasi
FAKTOR NILAI
0 1 2 3
GELBER, S., & SCISCIONE, A. (2006). Mechanical Methods of Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 49(3), 642–657. doi:10.1097/00003081-200609000-00022
Dilapan-S. Medisafe Distribution Inc. https://medisafecanada.com/
Foley Bulb Induction (FBI)
▪ Ukuran kateter yang sering dipakai adalah dengan kateter Foley 16F
Metode FBI
Avdiyovski, H., Haith-Cooper, M. dan Scally, A. 2018. Membrane sweeping at term to promote spontaneous labour and reduce the likelihood of a formal induction of labour for
postmaturity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
Amniotomi (Memecahkan ketuban)
Teknik:
1. Mengecek dilatasi serviks,
2. Mengecek presentasi fetus (presentasi kepala dan engagement di pelvis)
3. Melakukan palpasi membrane amnion dan lakukan amniotomy
4. Tanda apabila berhasil akan keluar cairan amnion dari vagina. Catat warna dan
baunya
5. Setelah amniotomy, jangan keluarkan tangan dari vagina terlebih dahulu
6. Setelah aliran cairan amnion berhenti, dan tidak ada tali pusar yang teraba pada
vagina, tangan dapat dilepas
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470167/#:~:text=Amniotomy%2C%20also%20known%20as%20artificial,least%20a%20few%20hundred%20years.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1997932-periprocedure#showall
INDUKSI FARMAKOLOGIS
Prostaglandin, Misoprostol, Oksitosin
PGE2 / Dinoprostone (Prepidil)
▪ Gel intravaginal / intraserviks yang memicu pelonggaran kolagen dan peningkatan kandungan air
pada serviks sehingga serviks melunak
▪ Suntikan gel intraserviks 2,5 mL berisi 0,5 mg dinoprostone
▪ Ibu dalam posisi terlentang, ujung suntikan yang belum diisi diletakkan di dalam serviks, dan gel
dimasukkan tepat di bawah os serviks interna. Setelah pemberian, ibu tetap berbaring selama
setidaknya 30 menit. Dosis dapat diulang setiap 6 jam, dengan maksimum tiga dosis yang
direkomendasikan dalam 24 jam.
▪ Efek samping setelah pemberian prostaglandin E2 pervaginam:
a) Takisistol uterus (≥6 kontraksi dalam periode 10 menit)
b) Hipertoni uterus (kontraksi tunggal yang berlangsung lebih lama dari 2 menit)
c) Hiperstimulasi uterus jika salah satu kondisi menyebabkan pola denyut jantung janin yang
meresahkan.
▪ Prostaglandin E2 harus diresepkan oleh spesialis dan dibawah pengawasan dokter supervisi. Pada
penggunaan supositori harus dimonitor efek samping seperti pyrexia, dan obat dihentikan apabila ada
reaksi efek samping yang parah terjadi.
MISOPROSTOL (PGE1 analog)
• Oksitosin diberikan sampai his adekuat. Bila his belum adekuat, maka konsentrasi dan laju pemberiannya dapat
ditingkatkan bertahap setiap 30 menit.
1. Konsentrasi 2.5 unit dalam 500 mL dextrose atau normal saline, kemudian laju infus ditingkatkan
2. Konsentrasi 5 unit dalam 500 mL dextrose atau normal saline , kemudian laju infus ditingkatkan
3. Setelah langkah 1 dan 2 dilakukan dan his tetap tidak adekuat maka
Multigravida : induksi dinyatakan gagal caesar
Primigravida : Oksitosin konsentrasi tinggi 10 unit dalam 500 mL cairan his belum tercapai
caesar
• Setelah his adekuat pertahankan laju infus; observasi denyut nadi, tekanan darah & kontraksi maternal serta
denyut jantung janin: perhatikan tanda fetal distress atau hiperstimulasi
• Monitor dan catat (setiap 30 menit) :
Laju infus oksitosin
Durasi & frekuensi kontraksi : bila terjadi hiperstimulasi ( >5x
kontraksi dalam 10 menit, atau durasi kontraksi >40 detik)
hentikan oksitosin
Denyut jantung maternal : bila takikardi (≥110 kali/menit)
dan lemah, segera lakukan observasi tanda vital (tekanan
darah, respirasi, suhu)
Denyut jantung fetus : bila terjadi fetal distress ( < 100 atau
>180 kali/menit) hentikan oksitosin
• Jika terjadi hiperstimulasi, maka berikan
Terbutalin 250 mcg IV pelan-pelan selama 5 menit
Salbutamol 5 mg dalam 500 ml cairan (Normal saline atau
Ringer lactat) 10 tetes per menit
Kecepatan Infus
Oksitosin untuk Induksi
Persalinan
2. Chamberlain G and Zander L. Induction. BMJ. 1999 Apr 10; 318(7189): 995–998. doi:
10.1136/bmj.318.7189.995 Correction in: BMJ. 1999 Jun 12; 318(7198): 1584.
Komplikasi
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53624/
Prognosis
Bueno, B., San-Frutos, L., Pérez-Medina, T. et al. The labor induction: integrated clinical and sonographic variables that predict the outcome. J Perinatol 27, 4–8 (2007).
Rasheed, R., Alam, A. A., Younus, S., & Raza, F. (2007). Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for labour induction. JPMA Aug, 57(8), 404-7.
Duro-Gómez, J., Garrido-Oyarzún, M.F., Rodríguez-Marín, A.B. et al. Efficacy and safety of misoprostol, dinoprostone and Cook’s balloon for labour induction in women with foetal
growth restriction at term. Arch Gynecol Obstet 296, 777–781 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4492-8
Daftar Pustaka
▪ ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins -- Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 107: Induction of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Aug. 114 (2 Pt 1):386-97.
[Medline].
▪ American Collge Of Obstetricians And Gynecologists. (2012) From
https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/labor-delivery-and-postpartum-care/labor-induction
▪ Atlas RO, Lemus J, Reed J, Atkins D, Alger LS. Second trimester abortion using prostaglandin E2 suppositories with or without intracervical Laminaria
japonica: a randomized study. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Sep;92(3):398-402. [PubMed]
▪ Avdiyovski, H., Haith-Cooper, M. dan Scally, A. 2018. Membrane sweeping at term to promote spontaneous labour and reduce the likelihood of a
formal induction of labour for postmaturity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
▪ Blanchette HA, Nayak S, Erasmus S. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol (prostaglandin E1) with those of dinoprostone
(prostaglandin E2) for cervical ripening and induction of labor in a community hospital. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1999 Jun;180(6 Pt 1):1551-9. [PubMed]
▪ Boulvain, M., Stan, C.M. dan Irion, O. 2010. Membrane sweeping for induction of labour (Review). The Cochrane Library. (1): p. 1-92.
▪ Bueno, B., San-Frutos, L., Pérez-Medina, T. et al. The labor induction: integrated clinical and sonographic variables that predict the outcome. J
Perinatol 27, 4–8 (2007).
▪ Chamberlain G and Zander L. Induction. BMJ. 1999 Apr 10; 318(7189): 995–998. doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7189.995 Correction in: BMJ. 1999 Jun 12;
318(7198): 1584.
▪ Cunningham,Gary,et al. Williams Obstetrics,23 rd Ed United State of America : MC Graw Hill Companies Inc. 2013.
▪ Dilapan-S. Medisafe Distribution Inc. https://medisafecanada.com/
▪ Duro-Gómez, J., Garrido-Oyarzún, M.F., Rodríguez-Marín, A.B. et al. Efficacy and safety of misoprostol, dinoprostone and Cook’s balloon for labour
induction in women with foetal growth restriction at term. Arch Gynecol Obstet 296, 777–781 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4492-
▪ GELBER, S., & SCISCIONE, A. (2006). Mechanical Methods of Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 49(3), 642–
657. doi:10.1097/00003081-200609000-00022
Daftar Pustaka
▪ Hofmeyr GJ, Alfiirevic Z, Kelly T, et al. Methods for Cervical Ripening and Labour Induction in Late Pregnancy : Generic Protocol
(Protocol). The Cochrane Library Issue 4. 2007 9.
▪ https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1997932-periprocedure#showall
▪ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470167/#:~:text=Amniotomy%2C%20also%20known%20as%20artificial,least%20a%20few
%20hundred%20years.
▪ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53624/
▪ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5135455/
▪ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5135455/
▪ Induction of labor. ACOG Technical Bulletin, No 49, May 1978
▪ Karkata MK, Kristanto H. Pengelolaan KPD dalam Panduan Penatalaksanaan Kasus Obstetri. Himpunan Kedokteran Fetomaternal POGI
2012;130-136
▪ Kota, S. K., Gayatri, K., Jammula, S., Kota, S. K., Krishna, S. V., Meher, L. K., & Modi, K. D., 2013. Endocrinology of parturition. Indian
journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 17(1), 50–59.
▪ Kuliah pakar “gangguan kehamilan” dengan dr. Pande Made Dwijayasa, SpOG(K)
▪ Marconi, A.M., 2019. Recent advances in the induction of labor. F1000Research, 8.
▪ Maslovitz S, Lessing JB, Many A. Compications of trans-cervical Foley catheter for labor induction among 1,083 women. Arch Gynecol
Obstet. 2010;281(3):473–477.
▪ Mathai M, Sangvi H, Guidotti RJ, Broekhuizen F, Chalmers B, Johnson R, et al. Integrated Management of Pregnancy ans Childbirth.
Managing Complication in Pregnancy and Childbirth. Geneva: Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization; 2002.
Daftar Pustaka
▪ Parkes, I., Kabiri, D., Hants, Y. and Ezra, Y., 2016. The indication for induction of labor impacts the risk of
cesarean delivery. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 29(2), pp.224-228.
▪ Rasheed, R., Alam, A. A., Younus, S., & Raza, F. (2007). Oral versus vaginal misoprostol for labour
induction. JPMA Aug, 57(8), 404-7.
▪ Sinclair, C. 2010. Buku Saku Kebidanan. Jakarta: EGC Jakarta.
▪ Sullivan, M. B. dan Leung, W. I. 1University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology
▪ Tenore, J.L., 2003. Methods for cervical ripening and induction of labor. American family physician,
67(10), pp.2123-2128.
▪ The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2012
▪ Toaff ME, Hezroni J, Toaff R: Induction of labour by pharmacological and physiological doses at
intravenous oxytocin. Brit J Obstet Gynecol 85:101, 1978; Obstet Gynecol Surv 34:32-33, 1979
▪ World Health Organization. (2017). Managing complications in pregnancy and childbirth: a guide for
midwives and doctors. World Health Organization.
▪ www.contemporaryobgyn.net/Foley_balloon.pdf