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Amina : molekul hormon paling sederhana,
Design modifikasi dari senyawa asam amino tryrosine.
Contoh : hormon thyroid, epineprin dan
norepineprin.
Protein dan peptida : molekulnya tersusun
oleh rantai asam amino.
Contoh : oxytocin, calcitocin, hormon
parathyoid dan insulin.
1
Sebutkan letak
reseptor
berdasarkan tiga
kelas utama hormon
tersebut!
2
Jelaskan perbedaan
Hormon peptide: Aktivasi system messenger ke dua yang
mengaktivkan gen kemudian gen tersebut terlarut di dalam
mekanisme kerja plasma dan di bawa menuju target, ketika sampai pada target terjadi
hormon menuju sel modifikasi protein yang ada dan induksi sintesis protein baru
target berdasarkan
letak reseptornya!
Hormon Steroid : Aktivasi gen untuk transkripsi dan terjemahan; mungkin
memiliki tindakan nongenomik, kemudian gen tersebut dibawa dan diikat oleh
protein pembawa, ketika sampai pada sel target sel target akan menginduksi
protein
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Hormon Amino Acid-Derivat :
- Hormon tiroid : Aktivasi gen untuk translasi dan transkipsi, gen yang sudah di
aktivkan kemudian di bawa dan diikat oleh protein pembawa, kemudian saat
sampai pada sel target terjadi induksi protein sintesis baru.
- Chatecolamines : Aktivasi system messenger kedua, setela di aktivasi system
messenger kedua tersebut terlarut di dalam plasma dan di bawa menuju target,
setelah berada pada sel target terjadi modifikasi protein yang ada (Silverthorn,
2009
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Positive Feedback
Dalam umpan balik positif, proses perubahan menginduksi respons yang
memperkuat perubahan. Umpan balik positif lebih sedikit daripada umpan balik
umum selain uman balik negatif karena terkait dengan ketidakstabilan yang
cenderung mendorong sistem lebih jauh dari setpoint homeostatik. Namun
demikian, mereka sangat penting dalam beberapa proses di mana sangat besar
atau cepat perannya dalam menanggapi rangsangan. Seperti seperti umpan balik
negatif, umpan balik positif dapat dimediasi oleh hormon. Contoh dari umpan balik
positif adalah efek hormon oksitosin pada kontraksi rahim selama persalinan
Tekanan kepala janin terhadap tindakan serviks memulai sinyal saraf ke
hipotalamus di otak. Sebagai tanggapan, hipofisis posterior mengeluarkan oksitosin.
Oksitosin dibawa melalui darah ke rahim, di mana ia merangsang kontraksi otot
uterus. Pada gilirannya, kontraksi yang lebih kuat mengintensifkan dan
memperpanjang tekanan kepala janin di leher rahim, lebih lanjut merangsang
pelepasan oksitosin sampai janin lahir
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5
Jelaskan perbedaan
sekresi hormon dari
hipofisis anterior dan
posterior!
Hipofisis dibagi menjadi dua bagian funsional, anterior
dan posterior. Bagian anterior dari hipofisis disebut
adenohipofisis yang mensekresi hormon-hormon seperti
ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH merangsang kelenjar target adrenal,
gonad, dan
tiroid. Sedangkan hipofisis posterior atau neurohipofisis
mensekresi hormon vasopresin dan oksitosin ke dalam
sirkulasi (Francis, 1999 ; Gabreski, 1995)
6
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Jelaskan perbedaan
sekresi hormon dari
hipofisis anterior
dan posterior!
SEKRESI HORMON DARI HIPOFISIS ANTERIOR
SEKRESI HORMON DARI HIPOFISIS POSTERIOR
7
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