Pegas Ideal
𝐹 ❑𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑
𝑥 =𝑘𝑥
gaya yang diberikan pada pegas (N)
Solusi:
F x
Applied
kx
320 N m 0.020 m 6.4 N
Gerak Harmonis Sederhana
Gerak Harmonis Sederhana terjadi karena adanya gaya pemulih (restoring force)
yang berbanding lurus dengan perpindahan dari titik kesetimbangan.
Gaya pemulih (restoring force) adalah gaya yang dilakukan pegas untuk kembali
ke posisi semula.
𝑭 =− 𝒌𝒙
❑
𝒙
Displacement
x A cos A cos t
Silahkan kunjungi website dibawah ini untuk dapat melihat animasi interaktif gerak harmonis sederhana.
https://ophysics.com/w4.html
Displacement
Lingkaran dengan jari-jari A mengindikasikan
bagaimana menentukan perpindahan atau posisi
bayangan pada film. Bola mulai bergerak pada
sumbu x pada x = +A dan bergerak melingkar
beraturan dengan sudut θ dalam waktu t. Dalam da
x A cos A cos t
𝜔=∆
𝜃/∆ 𝑡 𝜔=2
𝜋 /𝑇 𝜔=2
𝜋𝑓
∆ 𝜃=2 𝜋 rad 𝑓 =1/𝑇
∆ 𝑡=𝑇
Kecepatan
𝑣 𝑥 =− 𝑣 𝑇 sin 𝜃 𝑣 𝑥 =− 𝐴 𝜔 sin 𝜔 𝑡
𝑣 𝑇 = 𝐴 𝜔 𝑣 𝑚𝑎 𝑥
𝑣 𝑇 =𝑘𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑙
Contoh 2:
The Maximum Speed of a Loudspeaker Diaphragm
The frequency of motion is 1.0 KHz and the amplitude is 0.20 mm.
(a) What is the maximum speed of the diaphragm?
(b) Where in the motion does this maximum speed occur?
Solusi:
v x vT sin A sin t
vmax
(a)
vmax A A 2 f 0.20 10 3 m 2 1.0 103 Hz
1. 3 m s
x A cos t a x A 2 cos t
F kx ma x
kA mA 2
k
m
Energi dan Gerak Harmonik Sederhana
Energi potensial elastis adalah energi yang dimiliki pegas ketika ditarik atau
ditekan dari posisi awal.
EPelastic 12 kx 2
Welastic 12 kxo2 12 kx 2f
Contoh 3:
Changing the Mass of a Simple Harmonic Oscilator
E f Eo
2mg
ho
k
2 0.20 kg 9.8 m s 2
0.14 m
28 N m
Pendulum
Pendulum sederhana bermassa m dengan panjang L yang
bergerak bolak-balik disekitar titik kesetimbangannya
dengan sudut kecil (). Gerakan berayun ini disebut juga
gerak harmonis sederhana
g mgL
(small angles only)
L I
momen inersia
Contoh 4:
Determine the length of a simple pendulum that will swing back and
forth in simple harmonic motion with a period of 1.00 s.
Solusi:
2 g T 2g
2 f L
T L 4 2
L
2
T 2 g 1.00 s 9.80 m s 2
0.248 m
4 2
4 2
Gerak Harmonis Teredam (Damped Harmonic Motion)
Pada gerak harmonis sederhana, benda berisolasi dengan
amplitudo konstan.
2&3) underdamped
4) critically damped
5) overdamped
Resonansi
2. A person who weighs 670 N steps onto a spring scale in the bathroom, and
the spring compresses by 0.79 cm.
(a) What is the spring constant?
(b) What is the weight of another person who compresses the spring by
0.34 cm?
When responding to sound, the human eardrum vibrates about its equilibrium
3. position. Suppose an eardrum is vibrating with an amplitude of 6.3 x 10 7 m and
a maximum speed of 2.9 x 103 m/s.
(a) What is the frequency (in Hz) of the eardrum’s vibration?
(b) What is the maximum acceleration of the eardrum?
Tugas
5. An 0.80-kg object is attached to one end of a spring and the system is set into
simple harmonic motion. The displacement x of the object as a function of
time is shown in the drawing. With the aid of these data, determine (a) the
amplitude A of the motion, (b) the angular frequency, (c) the spring constant k,
(d) the speed of the object at t = 1.0 s, and (e) the magnitude of the object’s
acceleration at t=1.0 s.
Tugas
6. A vertical spring with a spring constant of 450 N/m is mounted on the floor.
From directly above the spring, which is unstrained, a 0.30-kg block is dropped
from rest. It collides with and sticks to the spring, which is compressed by 2.5
cm in bringing the block to a momentary halt. Assuming air resistance is
negligible, from what height (in cm) above the compressed spring was the
block dropped?