BAHAN PEMICU 2

SARAF DAN KEJIWAAN

Ivan Buntara
405120049
 Learning Objectives
Mengetahui dan menjelaskan :
1. Skizofrenia
2. Bipolar
3. Gangguan psikotik
4. Skizoafektif
5. Gangguan waham
Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto:
Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
 SKIZOFRENIA
• Subtipe • Fase-fase
• Paranoid • Prodromal
• Disorganized • Aktif
• Katatonik • Residual
• Tak terdiferensiasi
• Residual

Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto:

Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
 SKIZOFRENIA
• Etiologi → multifaktorial (biologi, • Patofisiologi
psikososial, lingkungan) • Teori neurodegeneratif
• Genetik • Teori neurodevelopmental
• Neurobiologi → neurokimia (teori
hipotesis dopamin; disfungsi
neurotransmiter GABA, glutamat,
ACh), neuroanatomi,
neuroendokrinologi,
neuropsikologi
• Lingkungan

Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto:

Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
Silbernagl S, Lang F. Color atlas of pathophysiology. New York:
Thieme; 2000.
Silbernagl S, Lang F. Color atlas of pathophysiology. New York:
Thieme; 2000.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Virginia: American
Psychiatric Association; 2013.
 SKIZOFRENIA
• Tatalaksana biologis
• Antipsikotik, antikonvulsi, ansiolitik
• Tatalaksana psikososial

Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto: Toronto Notes for
Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ, editors. Basic & clinical pharmacology. 12th ed.
New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2012.
 BIPOLAR
• Bipolar I • Bipolar II
• Sedikitnya muncul 1 episode • Sedikitnya muncul 1 kelainan
manik / campuran depresif mayor dan 1 episode
• Biasanya disertai dengan minimal hipomanik
1 kelainan depresif mayor • Tidak ada riwayat episode manik /
campuran

Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto:

Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
 BIPOLAR
• Klasifikasi • Tatalaksana
• Manik • Biologis → litium, antikonvulsi,
• Hipomanik antipsikotik, antidepresan
• Campuran • Terapi baru →
• Depresi
Dengan / tanpa psikotik ; dengan
katatonik ; dengan onset • Psikologis
postpartum ; dengan pola • Sosial
musiman ; dengan siklus yang
cepat

Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto:

Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
 BIPOLAR-SIKLOTIMIA
• Terdapatnya beberapa periode dari gejala hipomanik dan depresif
selama ≥ 2 tahun
• Tidak pernah asimtomatik > 2 bulan
• Tidak ada kelainan depresif mayor, episode manik / campuran, tanda-
tanda psikosis
• Gangguan fungsi sosial, okupasional, atau lainnya
• Tatalaksana → seperti bipolar I (antikonvulsi +/- psikoterapi)

Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto:

Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
 GANGGUAN PSIKOTIK
• Gangguan psikotik sementara (akut dan transien)
• Gangguan psikotik non-organik yang tak-tergolongkan
• Gangguan psikotik sekunder → kondisi medis umum, zat

Saddock BJ, Saddock VA. Kaplan and sadock’s synopsis of

psychiatry. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
2007.
 GANGGUAN PSIKOTIK SEMENTARA
• Psikosis akut, berlangsung dari 1 hari – 1 bulan
• Status fungsional dapat kembali ke keadaan premorbid
• Dapat timbul setelah kejadian stres / postpartum
• Tatalaksana → lingkungan yang aman, antipsikotik, ansiolitik

Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto:

Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Virginia: American
Psychiatric Association; 2013.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Virginia: American
Psychiatric Association; 2013.
 GANGGUAN WAHAM
• Subtipe • Tatalaksana
• Erotomanik • Psikoterapi, antipsikotik,
• Grandiose / kebesaran antidepresan
• Jealous / cemburu
• Persecutory / kejar
• Somatik
• Campuran
• Tak tergolongkan

Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto:

Toronto Notes for Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical
manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Virginia: American
Psychiatric Association; 2013.
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
• Silbernagl S, Lang F. Color atlas of pathophysiology. New York: Thieme; 2000.
• Vojvodic M, Young A, editors. Toronto notes 2014. Toronto: Toronto Notes for
Medical Students Inc.; 2014.
• Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ, editors. Basic & clinical pharmacology.
12th ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2012.
• Saddock BJ, Saddock VA. Kaplan and sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry. 10th ed.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders. 5th ed. Virginia: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.