Suatu Negara
Chapter 22
All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of
the
work should be mailed to:
Permissions Department, Harcourt College Publishers,
Microeconomics
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Macroeconomics
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Macroeconomics
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Pendapatan dan Pengeluaran
Ekonomi
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Pendapatan dan Pengeluaran
Ekonomi
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Produk Domestik Bruto
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The Circular-Flow Diagram
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The Circular-Flow Diagram
Revenue Spending
Market for
Goods & Goods Goods &
Services sold and Services Services
bought
Firms
Households
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Pengukuran GDP
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Pengukuran GDP
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Apa yang dihitung dalam GDP?
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Apa yang tidak dihitung dalam
GDP?
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Ukuran Pendapatan Lainnya
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Produk Nasional Bruto
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Produk Nasional Bersih (NNP))
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Pendapatan Nasional
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Pendapatan Pribadi
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Komponen PDB
Y = C + I + G + NX
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Komponen PDB
Consumption (C):
Pengeluaran oleh rumah tangga untuk barang
dan jasa, dengan pengecualian pembelian
perumahan baru.
Pengeluaran untuk peralatan modal, persediaan,
dan struktur, termasuk perumahan baru.
Investment (I):
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The Components of GDP
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP dan Komponennya (1998)
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP dan Komponennya (1998)
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP and Its Components (1998)
Consumption
68 %
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP and Its Components (1998)
Investment
16%
Consumption
68 %
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP and Its Components (1998)
Government
Investment Purchases
16% 18%
Consumption
68 %
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP and Its Components (1998)
Government Purchases
Investment 18% Net Exports
16% -2 %
Consumption
68 %
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
PDB Riil versus Nominal
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
PDB Riil versus Nominal
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP Deflator
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP Deflator
Nominal GDP
GDP deflator = 100
Real GDP
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Mengubah PDB Nominal menjadi
PDB Riil
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Real and Nominal GDP
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Real and Nominal GDP
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Real and Nominal GDP
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Real and Nominal GDP
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Real GDP in the United States
Billions of
1992 Dollars
8,000
(Periods of falling real GDP)
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP dan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP dan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
GDP dan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Ringkasan
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Summary
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Ringkasan
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Graphical
Review
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The Circular-Flow Diagram
Revenue Spending
Market for
Goods
Goods & Goods &
Services sold and Services
Services
bought
Firms
Households
Government Purchases
Investment 18% Net Exports
16% -2 %
Consumption
68 %
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Real GDP in the United States
Billions of
1992 Dollars
8,000
(Periods of falling real GDP)
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.