1
Disadur dari : Ir.Bambang Sutopo,M.Phil, Jurusan Teknik Elektro, FT-UGM
DRIVER RELAY
(diskusi tugas lalu)
RELAY
DIODA
VCC
VCC VBE freewheel
RB
2 I B JENUH
IB-JENUH = arus basis
yang membuat transistor
dalam kondisi jenuh.
RB
Input 1 relay
+
R
Input 2
_
100mA R
relay
200mA
4
Tegangan VCE vs Hambatan Basis
2500
2000
Eka Ardi
Tegangan VCE (mV)
1500 Daerah
Tak stabil
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5
10 10 10 10 10 5
RB (Ohm)
Arus Basis vs Hambatan Basis
90
80
70
Eka Ardi
Arus Basis (mA)
60
50
40
30 BC107
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5
10 10 10 10 10 6
RB (Ohm)
Arus Basis, Tegangan VCE dan Hambatan Basis
120
Arus Basis (mA)/ Tegangan VCE (mV)
100
80
60
40
20
0
2 3 4
10 10 10
7
RB (Ohm)
Arus Basis, Tegangan VCE dan Hambatan Basis
45
40 IB
Arus Basis (mA)/ Tegangan VCE (mV)
35
30 1
25
20
2
15 3 VCE
10
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 8
RB (Ohm)
LM 339/239
VCC
Rpull-up
Beban
OPEN
COLLECTOR
9
12V
AND
+ 1K
10
12V
4,7K
+ 1K
8,2K
_
Lampu
Vin
12V
+
4,7K
_
1K
11
12
IC 555
13
LM 741
14
LM 358
15
TOTEM POLE OUTPUT
16
LM 358
SOURCE CURRENT
17
SINK CURRENT
18
LM 124/234/324
19
IC 555
20
TUGAS
relay
R
DIODA KOMPARATOR
FOTO SCHMITT
21
Field Effect Transistor - FET
Mengapa kita masih perlu transistor jenis
lain?
BJT mempunyai sedikit masalah.
BJT selalu memerlukan arus basis IB,
walaupun arus ini kecil, tetapi tidak bisa
diabaikan, terutama sekali saat BJT
digunakan sebagai saklar, pasti dibutuhkan
arus yang cukup besar untk membuat
transistor jenuh. 22
Field Effect Transistor - FET
Apakah ada jenis transistor lain yang bisa
digerakkan dengan tegangan tanpa
membutuhkan arus ?
FET BJT
Gate (G) Base (B)
Drain(D) Collector (C)
Emitter (E)
Source(S)
Base current
Gate Voltage
Collector current
Drain current
Collector-Emitter Voltage
Drain-source voltage
24
Jenis-jenis FET
• JFET (Junction FET)
• MOSFET (Metal Oxide Silikon FET)
• PMOS ( MOS saluran P)
• NMOS (MOS saluran N)
• Masih banyak lagi
25
ID
FET
FET VDS
27
JFET saluran N
28
Daerah deplesi membesar dengan bertambahnya tegangan balik
29
30
Saluran N
31
32
33
34
Arus Drain current vs tegangan drain-ke-source
(tegangan gate-source = 0) 35
n-Channel FET for vGS = 0.
36
Typical drain characteristics of an n-channel JFET.
37
If vDG exceeds the breakdown voltage VB,
drain current increases rapidly. 38
39
KURVA KARAKTERISTIK Junction FET
Hubungan
VGS dan ID
I D k VGS VP
2
k : konstanta
VP : tegangan pinch-off atau threshold.
Arus dibatasi hanya saat tegangan VGS = 0 40
Junction FET – Sumber Arus
VDD
RLoad
RS
42
JFET - variable resistor
VDD
A resistance is
controlled by an
input voltage. VDS, DRAIN-SOURCE
VOLTAGE, (Volts)
2
VDS
I D 2k VGS VT VDS
RD 2
To find the effective resistance this is the voltage
RG across the channel divided by the current through
VGS
the channel.
1 ID VDS
2k VGS VT
RDS VDS 2
If it wasn’t for the last term, we would have a value of 1/RDS that was
proportional to VGS, the control voltage and didn’t depend on VDS
(remember VT is a constant of the FET, the pinch off voltage). This is like
a resistor, and it forms a VOLTAGE DIVIDER with RD. 44
n-Channel depletion MOSFET.
45
n-Channel enhancement MOSFET
showing channel length L and channel width W.
46
n-Channel depletion MOSFET
showing channel length L and channel width W.
47
enhancement-mode n-channel MOSFET
48
vGS < Vto pn junction antara drain dan
body reverse biased iD=0. 49
Terbentuk saluran N
63
Sinyal campuran
64
Rangkaian Ekivalen FET
65
Rangkaian ekivalen FET ( iD terpengaruh vDS)
66
Penentuan gm dan rd
67
Common-source amplifier.
68
Rangkaian Ekivalen Common-Source amplifier.
69
Common-source amplifier dengan nilai R
70
vo(t) dan vin(t) versus time 71
Gain magnitude versus frequency
72
Source follower.
73
Rangkaian Ekivalen Source Follower.
74
Common-gate amplifier.
75
n-Channel depletion MOSFET.
76
Drain current versus vGS in the saturation region
for n-channel devices.
77
p-Channel FET circuit symbols.
Sama = n-channel devices,
kecuali arah panah 78
MOSFET-switch
VDD
RLOAD IRF510
RG
Power MOSFET dapat dialiri arus
VGS besar sampai 75 A, dan daya 150 W.
Saat ON punya hambatan sekitar 10
Ohm.
Contoh : IRF510
Mempunyai arus maksimum 5,6 A
dab hambatan saat ON 0,4 Ohm. 79
MOSFET-switch (2)
Note the
log scale!
Kurva ID vs. VGS.
Ideal saklar:
saat OFF Arus =0.
ON
Dari kuva terlihat :
Tegangan VGS
< 3 volt, ID = 0
>5V arus besar.
OFF
80
PMOS
gate
In this device the gate controls hole
source P-MOS drain
flow from source to drain.
p p
It is made in n-type silicon. n-type Si
|VGS |>|Vt |
+ -
What if we apply a big negative
gate voltage on the gate?
drain
If |VGS |>|Vt | (both negative)
p p then we induce a + charge on
source
n-type Si the surface (holes)
81
NMOS and PMOS Compared
NMOS PMOS
“Body” – p-type “Body” – n-type
Source – n-type Source – p-type
Drain – n-type Drain – p-type
VGS – positive VGS – negative
VT – positive VT – negative
VDS – positive VDS – negative
ID – positive (into drain) ID – negative (into drain)
G G
S D S D
ID ID
n p n p
n
B B
ID ID
VGS=3V VGS= 3V
1 mA 1 mA
(for IDS =
(for IDS =
1mA) VGS=0 VGS=0
-1mA)
VDS 82
VDS
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
CIRCUIT SYMBOLS
D D
G G
S S
83
PMOS Transistor Switch Model
Operation compared to NMOS: It is complementary.
VDD VDD S
S S VG =0
G G G
VDD V=0
VG = VDD
D D
Switch OPEN Switch CLOSED D
Switch is open : Drain (D) is disconnected from Source (S) when VG = VDD
84
Tugas
85