Manajemen Aset

&
Teknologi Terkini Shunt Reactor

ANDRIAZIS DAHONO (23219002)

DENY VIVIANTORO (23219061)
TA L O E R L A N D Y R K ( 1 8 0 1 7 0 3 5 )

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 OUTLINE

Shunt Reactor Aset Menejemen Teknologi Terkini Referensi

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Shunt Reactor
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 HV Shunt Reactor
• Reaktor shunt sama dengan transformator daya tetapi hanya memiliki
satu belitan per fase dibandingkan dengan transformator daya.

• Reaktor shunt digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya dan efisiensi

sistem energi karena ia menyerap & mengkompensasi daya reaktif
pada kabel dan saluran transmisi tegangan tinggi yang panjang.

• Itu dapat langsung dihubungkan ke saluran listrik atau belitan tersier

dari tiga belitan transformator.

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 Construction
of Air Cooled Reactor

1. Winding
2. Winding conductor
3. Spider
4. Terminal
5. Duct stick
6. Protective roof/shed
7. Base insulator
8. Mounting bracket

Source: High voltage dry-type air-core shunt reactors (Papp, 2014)

Manajemen Asset Shunt Reactor
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Manajemen Asset
• Manajemen aset adalah proses mengembangkan, mengoperasikan, memelihara, dan menjual
aset dengan cara yang hemat biaya.
• Oleh karena itu, dalam proses manajemen asset perlu diketahui data historis mengenai
peralatan itu sendiri, serta cara untuk memelihara peralatan itu

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Kenapa Manajemen Asset Penting?
• Memungkinkan perusahaan untuk mengawasi semua asetnya
• Membantu menjamin keakuratan tarif amortisasi
• Membantu mengidentifikasi dan mengelola risiko
• Menghapus aset ”hantu” di inventaris perusahaan

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Strategi Manajemen Asset Power Apparatus
• Mengontrol dalam planning, delivery, operation and maintenance, disposal.
• Perlu pengambilan data-data kondisi peralatan (condition based)
• Analisis Teknikal untuk mengidentifikasi anomaly dan penyebabnya
• Perencanaan intervensi dengan tambahan analisis Ekonomi, dan Sosial

S. Birlasekaran and G. Ledwich, “Asset Management of Power Apparatus”, WCEAM, no. 227, 2006
K. Elkinson, G. Topjian, M. Lawrence and A. J. McGrail, "Aspects of power transformer asset management," PES T&D 2012, Orlando, FL, 2012, pp. 1-5, doi:
10.1109/TDC.2012.6281685. 9
Strategi Manajemen Asset Power Apparatus
• Planning: kompatibilitas dengan sistem tenaga dan kondisi lingkungan tropis pemeliharaan,
dan dapat dipertukarkan peralatan.
• Delivery: koordinasi antar yang pihak adalah kunci penting sukses untuk konstruksi bekerja
• Operation and Maintenance: mencegah aset dari kegagalan dengan meningkatkan
pemeliharaannya, dan menyediakan rencana kontingensi.
• Disposal: pengambilan keputusan yang lebih baik perlu dikembangkan dengan
mempertimbangkan keseluruhan biaya siklus hidup, risiko dan kinerja aset.

N. Wardani, S. Naswil, “Transmission Asset Lifecycle Management in PLN TJBB”, Int. Conf. High Voltage Engineering, 2017.
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Analisis Teknikal
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Analisis Teknikal
• Faktor teknis merupakan parameter terpenting dalam pengelolaan aset untuk meningkatkan
nilai aset secara signifikan.
• Nilai dari asset dapat secara signifikan ditingkatkan dengan mengatasi failure/fault pada
peralatan, serta perbaikan pemeliharaan
• Dalam analisis teknikal, perlu pengambilan data baik secara langsung maupun menggunakan
data historis seperti failure rate, usia rata-rata peralatan, dll.

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Statistic Failure
 Dielectric Winding Major:
Shunt Reactor Failure (Russia)  Oil Gap breakdown, surface contamination,
4 dielectric degradation level, overvoltage
7.7  Dielectric Winding Minor:
 Water contamination, particle contamination
 Magnetic Circuit:
38.4
 Produce gases, overheating caused by eddy current,
overheating caused by stray flux
 Current Carrying:
38.4  Over current
 Other:
 Bushing, etc
11.5

Dielektric Winding Minor Dielektric Winding Major Magnetic Circuit

Current Carrying Other

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Pengambilan Data Kondisi Peralatan (Testing)
• On-site Investigation
• Electrical Tests
• Sampling and tests of Gas and Insulating fluid
• Focused Tests
• Internal Inspection of Main tank and LTC

• Off-site Investigation
• Manufacturing History
• Shipping and Installation History
• Operational History
• Maintenance History
• User Failure History

"IEEE Guide for Failure Investigation, Documentation, and Analysis for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors," in IEEE Std C57.125-1991 , vol., no., pp.1-60, 1
May 1992, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.1992.101090.
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Lampiran

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Lampiran

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Contoh: Sweep Frequency Response Analysis
• Menginvestigasi keadaan mekanikal reactor seperti belitan dengan injeksi sinyal pada
frekuensi tertentu pada belitan dan diukur pada sisi akhir, lalu melihat variasi induktansi dan
kapasitansi
• Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan sinyal ketika peralatan dalam kondisi normal
dan ketika kondisi abnormal

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Contoh: Dissolve Gas Analysis
• Diagnosa untuk penentuan Kondisi Reaktor dan dapat memprediksi kegagalan/gangguan

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Contoh: Partial Discharge Detection
• Teknologi untuk mendeteksi gangguan pada insulasi belitan
• Dapat menggunakan metode elektrik seperti HFCT, RC Detector, maupun non-elektrik
dengan Antenna memanfaatkan gelombang elektro magnetic

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Remaining Life Assesment
Electrical Stress, Inverse Power Law: Thermal Arhenius Eq:

Mechanical Stress and Ageing:

M. Muhr, "Asset and risk management of electrical power equipment," Proceedings of 2005 International
Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials, 2005. (ISEIM 2005)., Kitakyushu, 2005, pp. 861-864 Vol. 3, doi:
10.1109/ISEIM.2005.193517. 20
Analisis Ekonomi
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Analisa Ekonomi
• Analisa Ekonomi dilakukan dengan melakukan perhitungan Life Cycle Cost Analysis pada
awal periode dan juga melakukan perhitungan Present Value dari HV Shunt Reactor
• Perbedaannya biasanya value pada power apparatus sudah terdapat depreciated rate, lalu
perhitungan terhadap fault, dan lain-lain.

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 The Life Cycle Cost Model
(IEC 60300-3-3 )
Term Definition
Concept/definition Costs incurring in connection with the concept during the specification or planning phase

Design/development Costs for design, documentation and engineering

Manufacturing These costs contain the expenses for production and sale of the product on the contractor side.
Therefore they represent the order value of the whole distribution system. The costs for
installation and commissioning of the system are not included in this part
Installation Costs generated on site by installation before the system goes into operation

Operation Costs arising for a sustainable operation of the whole system. Among other things these costs
include expenses for power losses of overhead lines or transformers, controlling and staff
training

Maintenance Calculation of the complete maintenance expenditures due to different strategies e.g. time
based, condition based or corrective

Disposal Costs for work, material and disposal in conjunction with the rebuild of the existing system.
For example charges for recultivation of overhead lines are included. Possible profits in the
disposal of steel, copper etc. have to be deducted as credit notes of the charges

I. Jeromin, G. Balzer, J. Backes and R. Huber, "Life cycle cost analysis of transmission and distribution
systems," 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech, Bucharest, 2009, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282168.
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Diagram

"IEEE Guide for Failure Investigation, Documentation, and Analysis for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors,"
in IEEE Std C57.125-1991 , vol., no., pp.1-60, 1 May 1992, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.1992.101090.
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 Contoh Analisa Ekonomi Shunt Reactor
Assumptions Value

Discount 7.00%
Factor
Lifespan 30
(years)

Cost Value NPV

Initial Cost Rp3,662,500,000 Rp3,662,500,000
Annual Operation Rp756,444,444 Rp9,386,750,264
and Maintenance
Cost

Annual Fault Cost Rp3,300,000,000 Rp2,866,488,513

Decommisioning Rp150,000,000 Rp150,000,000

Total NPV Cost Rp16,065,738,778
S. H. Lee, A. K. Lee and J. O. Kim, "Determining economic life cycle for power transformer based on life cycle
cost analysis," 2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), San Diego, CA,
2012, pp. 604-607, doi: 10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518816 25
Analisis Sosial
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Analisa Sosial Shunt Reactor
Kegiatan Dampak Potensial
Mobilisasi Peralatan dan Material -
Konstruksi dan Operasi -
Penyimpanan, Penanganan, Penggunaan, dan Kontaminasi air dan tanah
pembuangan limbah berbahaya seperti minyak

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Teknologi Terkini Shunt Reactor
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Separated
Transformer-Shunt Reactor

Separated transformer and shunt reactor

Sumber: An Integrated Transformer-Shunt Reactor Operation Devices for The Connection of Off-Shore Wind-Farms (Palone, 2014)
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Integrated
Transformer-Shunt Reactor

Integrated transformer and shunt reactor

Sumber: An Integrated Transformer-Shunt Reactor Operation Devices for The Connection of Off-Shore Wind-Farms (Palone, 2014)
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Perbandingan Biaya Instalasi
Classical Solution Proposed Solution
Parameter
(SUT + SR) (TSR)
Rated power (MVAR) 35 +100 = 135 106
Weight (t) 86.5 + 193 = 279.5 202
Cost (M€) 0.44 + 0.78 = 1.22 0.8
Platform cost (M€) 5.6 4
Total cost (M€) 6.8 4.8

Terdapat penghematan sebesar 2 M€, sehingga mampu menurunkan biaya

pemasangan sebesar 29,07% dari pemasangan konvensional.

Sumber: An Integrated Transformer-Shunt Reactor Operation Devices for The Connection of Off-Shore Wind-Farms (Palone, 2014)
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Variable Shunt Reactor

Variable Shunt Reactor (VSR) merupakan shut reactor yang

dilengkapi dengan tapped windings dan on-load tap changer
(OLTC).

VSR mampu mengendalikan fluktuasi dari daya reaktif pada

pembangkitan listrik dari renewable energy (wind farm).

VSR cocok diaplikasikan pada sistem transmisi yang memiliki

pertumbuhan beban dari waktu ke waktu.

Sumber: Application of Variable Shunt Reactors in High Voltage Networks (Ryen, 2013)
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Combination of
shunt hybrid power filter and
thyristor-controlled reactor
Gabungan antara Tyristor-Controlled Reactor (TCR)
dan Shunt Hybrid Power Filter (SHPF) untuk
meredam harmonic dan sebagai kompensasi reactive
power.

Sumber: A Combination of Shunt Hybrid Power Filter

and Thyristor-Controlled Reactor for Power Quality
(Rahmani, 2014)
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Hasil Respon Bentuk Gelombang
Keadaan Steady State

Hasil simulasi (kiri) dan eksperimen (kanan) dari keadaan steady state dengan harmonisa

Sumber: A Combination of Shunt Hybrid Power Filter and Thyristor-Controlled Reactor for Power Quality (Rahmani, 2014)
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Hasil Spektrum Harmonisa
Keadaan Steady State

Spektrum harmonisa sebelum (a) dan sesudah (b); simulasi (kiri) dan eksperimen kanan

THD simulasi: arus sumber mengalami penurunan dari 26% menjadi 1.31%
THD eksperimen: arus sumber mengalami penurunan dari 26% menjadi 3%
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Hasil Respon Bentuk Gelombang
Keadaan Dynamic

Hasil simulasi (kiri) dan eksperimen (kanan) dari keadaan dinamis dengan harmonisa dan variasi perubahan daya reaktif

Sumber: A Combination of Shunt Hybrid Power Filter and Thyristor-Controlled Reactor for Power Quality (Rahmani, 2014)
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Hasil Spektrum Harmonisa
Keadaan Dynamic

Spektrum harmonisa sebelum (a) dan sesudah (b); simulasi (kiri) dan eksperimen kanan

THD simulasi: arus sumber mengalami penurunan dari 16% menjadi 1%

THD eksperimen: arus sumber mengalami penurunan dari 15% menjadi 26%
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Referensi
• "IEEE Guide for Failure Investigation, Documentation, and Analysis for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors," in IEEE Std C57.125-1991 , vol., no.,
pp.1-60, 1 May 1992, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.1992.101090.
• I. Jeromin, G. Balzer, J. Backes and R. Huber, "Life cycle cost analysis of transmission and distribution systems,"  2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech,
Bucharest, 2009, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282168.
• S. H. Lee, A. K. Lee and J. O. Kim, "Determining economic life cycle for power transformer based on life cycle cost analysis,"  2012 IEEE International
Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), San Diego, CA, 2012, pp. 604-607, doi: 10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518816
• N. U. A. Wardani and S. Naswil, "Transmission asset lifecycle management in PLN TJBB," 2017 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering
and Power Systems (ICHVEPS), Sanur, 2017, pp. 95-98, doi: 10.1109/ICHVEPS.2017.8225920.S. Birlasekaran and G. Ledwich, “Asset Management of
Power Apparatus”, WCEAM, no. 227, 2006
• K. Elkinson, G. Topjian, M. Lawrence and A. J. McGrail, "Aspects of power transformer asset management," PES T&D 2012, Orlando, FL, 2012, pp. 1-
5, doi: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281685.
• M. Muhr, "Asset and risk management of electrical power equipment," Proceedings of 2005 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials,
2005. (ISEIM 2005)., Kitakyushu, 2005, pp. 861-864 Vol. 3, doi: 10.1109/ISEIM.2005.193517.
• High voltage dry-type air-core shunt reactors (Papp, 2014)

• Admin, Asset Management, [Online] Available at:https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/asset-management

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 Referensi

• P. Burhan, Analisa Pengaturan Tegangan Menggunakan Reaktor Shunt Pada Saluran Transmisi 150kV Barikin-
Tanjung, INTEKNA, no. 2, pp. 137-144. 2013
• M. Zhu, Mechanism and Problem Analysis of High Voltage Shunt Reactor, Proc. AIP, 2019
• [Online] https://www.electrical4u.com/three-phase-shunt-reactor/
• https://www.reinhausen.com/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-1681/2241_read-5848/
• S. Rahmani, A. Hamadi, K. Al-Haddad and L. A. Dessaint, "A Combination of Shunt Hybrid Power
Filter and Thyristor-Controlled Reactor for Power Quality," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2152-2164, May 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2013.2272271.
• https://ingenuity.siemens.com/2018/11/shunt-reactor-technology-three-world-records-in-three-years/

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