Kolesterol
Fosfolipid
Trigliserida (TG)
Lipoprotein
• Lipid adalah?
• Apa perbedaan lipid dan lipoprotein?
• Patofisiologi?
• Manifestasi klinis?
• Apa bahaya masing2?
• Klasifikasi?
• Faktor yang mempengaruhi?
• Manfaat dalam tubuh?
• Hiperlipidemia adalah?
• Terapi antihiperlipid?
• Mekanisme aksi masing-masing antihiperlipidemia?
• Perbedaan efektifikas masing2 antihiperlipid
• Lipid adalah senyawa
organik yang meliputi
asam lemak dan
turunannya
• Diproduksi di
intestine dan di
distribusikan ke
liver, otot skeletal,
jaringan diposa via
lakteal
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap2/chapter
/chemical-digestion-and-absorption-a-closer-look/
Kilomikron
Kilomikron
Kilomikron
• Disintesis di intestine
• Terbentuk di retikulum endoplasma pada enterosit
• >80% TG
• Disekresikan via lakteal diteruskan ke limfatik dan
kemudian ke pembuluh darah
• Untuk transport lemak dari intestine ke adiposa, otot
skeletal dan jaringan otot jantung
• Memiliki densitas terendah dari semua golongan
lipoprotein
• Size besar tak bisa masuk dinding arteri tidak
aterogenik
Freeman, M. W., & Walford, G. A. (2016). Lipoprotein Metabolism and the Treatment of Lipid Disorders.
Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric, 715–736.e7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00041-x
VLDL dan IDL
Kwan, B. C. H., Kronenberg, F., Beddhu, S., & Cheung, A. K. (2007). Lipoprotein Metabolism and Lipid
Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 18(4), 1246–
1261. doi:10.1681/asn.2006091006
Bhagavan, N. V., & Ha, C.-E. (2011). Lipids III. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, 225–239.doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-
095461-2.00018-7
HDL
Bhagavan, N. V., & Ha, C.-E. (2011). Lipids III. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, 225–239.doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-
095461-2.00018-7
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6332620/
Nilai normal Lipid
https://basicmedicalkey.com/hyperlipidemia/
Faktor yang mempengaruhi level lipid
https://basicmedicalkey.com/hyperlipidemia/
Secondary factor yang mempengaruhi lipid
https://basicmedicalkey.com/hyperlipidemia/
Secondary factor yang mempengaruhi lipid
Freeman, M. W., & Walford, G. A. (2016). Lipoprotein Metabolism and the Treatment of Lipid Disorders.
Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric, 715–736.e7. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00041-x
Hiperlipidemia
http://www.animalresearch.info/en/drug-development/drug-prescriptions/simvastatin/
Inhibitor HMG KoA Reduktase (statin)
https://doctorlib.info/pharmacology/illustrated/29.html
Inhibitor HMG KoA Reduktase (statin)
Inhibitor HMG KoA Reduktase (statin)
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6332620/
Inhibitor HMG KoA Reduktase (statin)
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6332620/
Inhibitor HMG KoA Reduktase (statin)
Inhibitor HMG KoA Reduktase (statin)
https://www.ebmconsult.com/articles/statin-administration-evening-night-bedtime
Inhibitor HMG KoA Reduktase (statin)
https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/statin-associated-myopathy
Inhibitor HMG KoA Reduktase (statin)
• Efek Samping
- Keluhan abdominal ringan
- Ruam kulit
- Rangsangan gatal, nyeri kepala, lelah,
nyeri otot, kejang otot, rhabdomiolisis,
miopati
Mekanisme Antihiperlipid
• Resin : ↑katabolisme LDL, ↓absorbsi kolesterol
• Niacin : ↓ sintesis LDL dan VLDL, ↓ katabolisme HDL
• Clofibrat : ↑ klirens VLDL
• Gemfibrosil : ↓ level TG
• Statin : ↑ katabolisme LDL, menghambat sintesis LDL
• Prabucol : ↑ klirens LDL
• Fish Oil : ↓ sintesis VLDL dan trigliserida
Resin Pertukaran Anion (Bile Acid sequestrans)
Kolestiramin, kolestipol
Lazarova, D., Shibata, S., Ishii, I., Zlateva, G., Zhelev, Z., Aoki, I., & Bakalova, R. (2019). Imaging of redox-
imbalance and oxidative stress in kidney in vivo, induced by dietary cholesterol. Biotechnology & Biotechnological
Equipment, 1–8.doi:10.1080/13102818.2019.1573153
Resin Pertukaran Anion (Bile Acid sequestrans)
https://egpat.com/questions/why-cholestyramine-should-not-be-taken-along-with-digoxin
Resin Pertukaran Anion (Bile Acid sequestrans)
https://egpat.com/questions/why-cholestyramine-should-not-be-taken-along-with-digoxin
Mekanisme Antihiperlipid
• Resin : ↑katabolisme LDL, ↓absorbsi kolesterol
• Niacin : ↓ sintesis LDL dan VLDL, ↓ katabolisme HDL
• Clofibrat : ↑ klirens VLDL
• Gemfibrosil : ↓ level TG
• Statin : ↑ katabolisme LDL, menghambat sintesis LDL
• Prabucol : ↑ klirens LDL
• Fish Oil : ↓ sintesis VLDL dan trigliserida
Asam Nikotinat (Niacin)
• Golongan vitamin B B3
• Menurunkan lipolisis di adiposit ↓aliran FFA ke liver ↓
produksi VLDL
• Mengurangi VLDL ↓ TG plasma (30-50%).
• Juga me ↓ kolesterol 10-20% dan me↑HDL
• Dosis? Di indonesia?
• Efek samping : kemerahan yang diperantarai prostaglandin,
pusing dan palpitasi
Chapman, M. J. (2006). How does nicotinic acid modify the lipid profile? European Heart Journal Supplements,
8(suppl_F), F54–F59.
At a Glance
Asam Nikotinat (Niacin)
Song, W.-L., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2013). Niacin, an old drug with a new twist. Journal of Lipid Research, 54(10),
2586–2594.
Asam Nikotinat (Niacin)
Song, W.-L., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2013). Niacin, an old drug with a new twist. Journal of Lipid Research, 54(10),
2586–2594.
Asam Nikotinat (Niacin)
doi: 10.5497/wjp.v1.i3.50
Niacin
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6332620/
Mekanisme Antihiperlipid
• Resin : ↑katabolisme LDL, ↓absorbsi kolesterol
• Niacin : ↓ sintesis LDL dan VLDL, ↓ katabolisme HDL
• Clofibrat : ↑ klirens VLDL
• Gemfibrosil : ↓ level TG
• Statin : ↑ katabolisme LDL, menghambat sintesis LDL
• Prabucol : ↑ klirens LDL
• Fish Oil : ↓ sintesis VLDL dan trigliserida
FIbrat
Gemfibrozil, bezafibrat
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6332620/
FIbrat
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6332620/
FIbrat
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6332620/
gemfibrozil
• Katanya menurunkan sisntesis VLDL?
Mekanisme Antihiperlipid
• Resin : ↑katabolisme LDL, ↓absorbsi kolesterol
• Niacin : ↓ sintesis LDL dan VLDL, ↓ katabolisme HDL
• Clofibrat : ↑ klirens VLDL
• Gemfibrosil : ↓ level TG
• Statin : ↑ katabolisme LDL, menghambat sintesis LDL
• Prabucol : ↑ klirens LDL
• Fish Oil : ↓ sintesis VLDL dan trigliserida
Inhibitor pada absorbsi Kolesterol Usus
Ezetimib
• Menurunkan penyerapan kolesterol di usus (dan fitosterol) dan
menurunkan LDL (±18%) dengan sedikit perubahan pada HDL.
• Me↓ penyerapan kolesterol me ↓ level kolesterol yang
akan ditransfer ke liver
• Menghambat interkasi antara NPC1L1/cholesterol complex
with clathrin/AP2 mencegah endositosis
NPC1L1/cholesterol complex di usus
• Sinergis dengan statin sehingga menjadi kombinasi yang baik
• Dosis : 10 mg sehari
• Efek samping : keluhan gastrointestinal
At a Glance
https://www.ebmconsult.com/articles/ezetimibe-mechanism-action-inhibit-cholesterol-absorption-intestine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK343489/
Inhibitor pada absorbsi Kolesterol Usus
https://www.ebmconsult.com/articles/ezetimibe-mechanism-action-inhibit-cholesterol-absorption-intestine
Mekanisme Antihiperlipid
• Resin : ↑katabolisme LDL, ↓absorbsi kolesterol
• Niacin : ↓ sintesis LDL dan VLDL, ↓ katabolisme HDL
• Clofibrat : ↑ klirens VLDL
• Gemfibrosil : ↓ level TG
• Statin : ↑ katabolisme LDL, menghambat sintesis LDL
• Prabucol : ↑ klirens LDL
• Fish Oil : ↓ sintesis VLDL dan trigliserida
Monggo Ditonton
• https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkKH8lTxvzA
Tugas
• Bagaimana mekanisme aksi Omega 3 pada hiperlipid?
• Bagaimana mekanisme aksi Probukol pada hiperlipid?
• Bagaiamana mekanisme aksi statin menyebabkan nyeri otot?
• Bagaimana mekanisme aksi “resin pertukaran ion”
menyebabkan konstipasi dan diare?
• Bagaimana mekanisme aksi ezetimib menyebabkan keluhan
gastrointestinal?
• Bagaiamana mekanisme aksi niacin menyebabkan
kemerahan/rash?
• Bagaimana mekanisme aksi fibrat menyebabkan miositis?
Harris, W. S., & Jacobson, T. A. (2009). Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Clinical Lipidology, 326–338.doi:10.1016/b978-
141605469-6.50031-7
https://pediaa.com/difference-between-lipids-a
https://schizofrenia.info/relationship-between-and/relations
hip-between-cholesterol-and-lipoproteins-are.php nd-fats/
https://pediaa.com/difference-between-ldl-and-triglycerides/
https://pediaa.com/difference-between-phospholipi https://pediaa.com/difference-between-glyc
d-and-triglyceride/ erol-and-fatty-acids/
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpediaa.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F
09%2FDifference-Between-Phospholipid-and-Triglyceride-Comparison-Summary.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F
%2Fpediaa.com%2Fdifference-between-phospholipid-and-triglyceride%2F&docid=Om32VidQVXm_EM&tbnid=
vKBn5zGaveZWOM%3A&vet=1&w=799&h=1033&safe=strict&bih=776&biw=856&ved=2ahUKEwjPyIvBxYbkAh
WzmuYKHWhjCE8QxiAoA3oECAEQHQ&iact=c&ictx=1#h=1033&imgdii=maR-gbnq0guNxM:&vet=1&w=799