DISUSUN
OLEH NURJANNAH (12070121747)
Bagaimana cara orang merumuskan hipotesis itu ternyata belum ada aturan yang baku. Namun
dapat dikemukakan saran saran antara lain:
PENDEKATAN DALAM
PENELITIAN KEAGA-
MAAN
Belakangan ini agama semakin berperan dalam
kehidupan manusia. Selain sebagai keyakinan yang
terdapat dalam diri manusia, agama juga sudah
berperan aktif dalam memecahkan berbagai masalah
yang di hadapi manusia. Berbagai jawaban atas
masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan mengkaji
berbagai pendekatan yang digunakan dalam
memahami agama. Pendekatan yang dimaksud ialah
berbagai cara pandang yang ada dalam ilmu
pengetahuan kemudian di gunakan untuk memahami
agama dengan melakukan suatu penelitian. Berbagai
pendekatan itu dapat di pahami berikut ini:
Pendekatan sosiologi
Sosiologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari hidup bersama
dalam masyarakat dan menyelidiki ikatan-ikatan manusia
yang menguasai hidupnya itu. Dalam pengertian lainnya,
sosiologi dapat dipahami sebagai suatu ilmu pengetahuan
yang menggambarkan tentang keadaan masyarakat
dengan struktur lapisan serta berbagai gejala sosial
lainnya yang saling berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai dan norma-
norma yang berlaku dalam masyarakat.
Berkaitan dengan pendekatan dalam memahami agama,
sosiologi digunakan karena terdapat banyak kajian di
bidang agama yang baru dapat dipahami secara
proposional dan tepat bila menggunakan jasa bantuan dari
ilmu sosiologi. Dengan ilmu sosiologi peristiwa keagamaan
akan mudah dijelaskan dan dipahami maksudnya.
Pendekatan ini berfokus pada interaksi agama dan
masyarakat. Bahkan dalam al-Qur’an juga dijelaskan
mengenai hubungan antara manusia, seperti dalam
hubungan masyarakat kita harus menjaga kerukunan dan
perdamaian.
Pendekatan historis
Sejarah atau historis adalah suatu ilmu yang di dalamnya
membahas suatu peristiwa masa lampau yang
memperhatikan unsur tempat (dimana), waktu (kapan),
obyek, latar belakang, perilaku, apa sebabnya dan siapa
yang terlibat dalam peristiwa tersebut. Dengan pendekatan
historis seseorang akan berfikir idealis bersifat empiris dan
terbuka. Pendekatan ini sangat penting dalam memahami
agama dan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Karena sejarah
manusia dan sejarah agama saling berkaitan.
Dalam mempelajari al-Qur’an dengan benar, seseorang
juga akan mempelajari sejarah turunnya al-Qur’an dan
kejadian-kejadian lain yang bersangkutan dengan al-
Qur’an. Maka orang akan berfikir tentang keadaan yang
sebenarnya tentang memahami suatu peristiwa dan tidak
akan memahami agama keluar dari konteks historisnya
agar tidak menyesatkan orang yang akan mempelajarinya.
Pendekatan psikologi
TEORI PENELITIAN Psikologi atau ilmu jiwa adalah ilmu yang mempelajari jiwa seseorang melalui gejala
prilaku yang dapat diamatinya. Penelitian agama dalam pendekatan ini mengkaji
kepada peristiwa dan pengalaman kejiwaan individu yang bersangkutan dengan rasa
keagamaannya. Dalam buku “Islamic Studies” oleh DR. Limas Dodi, M.Hum
mengatakan Ada tiga metode penyelidikan agama melalui pendekatan psikologis yaitu:
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