1.

The diagram shows the energy profile of a reaction. Ea is the activation energy for this reaction. Gambar rajah menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi suatu tindak balas. Ea adalah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini.

What will change the activation energy form Ea to Ea'? Apakah yang akan mengubah tenaga pengaktifan daripada Ea kepada Ea'? A Temperature Suhu B Catalyst Mangkin C Concentration Kepekatan D Total surface area Jumlah luas permukaan 2. Which of the following explains the meaning of effective collision? Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menjelaskan maksud perlanggaran berkesan? A The collision where its energy is less than the activation energy Perlanggaran yang tenaganya kurang daripada tenaga pengaktifan B The collision that has a low energy Perlanggaran yang berlaku mempunyai tenaga yang rendah C The collision which takes place before a reaction Perlanggaran yang berlaku sebelum sesuatu tindak balas D The collision that causes a reaction Perlanggaran yang menghasilkan tindak balas

3 The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate of . reaction between sodium thiosulphate and sulphuric acid. Gambar rajah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik.

Which of the following combinations of conditions take the shortest time for the mark X to disappear from sight? Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut yang manakah mengambil masa paling singkat untuk tanda X hilang daripada penglihatan?

4.

In an experiment, the decomposition of 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide solution produces oxygen gas. The graph of the volume of oxygen gas against time is drawn and curve P is obtained. Dalam satu eksperimen, penguraian 25 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.1 mol dm-3 menghasilkan gas oksigen. Graf isipadu gas oksigen melawan masa dilukis dan lengkung P diperoleh.

If the experiment is repeated using another solution, which solution will produce curve Q? Sekiranya ekperimen diulang dengan menggunakan larutan lain, larutan manakah yang akan menghasilkan lengkung Q? A 25 cm 3 of 0.15 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide 25 cm 3 hidrogen peroksida 0.15 mol dm-3 B 20 cm 3 of 0.15 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide 20 cm 3 hidrogen peroksida 0.15 mol dm-3 C 15 cm 3 of 0.15 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide 15 cm 3 hidrogen peroksida 0.15 mol dm-3 D 10 cm 3 of 0.25 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide 10 cm 3 hidrogen peroksida 0.25 mol dm-3

5.

The following statements are related to the collision theory of a reaction. Pernyataan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan teori perlanggaran bagi satu tindak balas. I The total surface area of the reactant particles increases Jumlah luas permukaan zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah II The kinetic energy of the reactant particles increases Tenaga kinetik zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah III The frequency of the collision between the reactant particles increases Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah IV The number of the reactant particles per one unit of volume increases Bilangan zarah bahan tindak balas dalam satu minit isi padu bertambah Which of the following combinations is true about the effect of the rise in temperature on the reactant particles? Antara kombinasi berikut, yang manakah benar tentang kesan peningkatan suhu ke atas zarah bahan tindak balas? A I and II only I dan II sahaja B II and III only II dan III sahaja C III and IV only III dan IV sahaja D I and IV only I dan IV sahaja

6.

If you want to cook 100 potatoes within a short time, which is the most suitable method? Sekiranya anda ingin memasak 100 biji kentang dalam masa yang singkat, apakah langkah yang paling sesuai dilakukan? A Boil the potatoes in a pan Merebus kentang dalam kuali leper B Boil the potatoes in a pressure cooker Merebus kentang dalam periuk tekanan C Steam the potatoes in a steamer

Mengukus kentang dalam pengukus D Fry the potatoes in a wok Menggoreng kentang dalam kuali 7. Which of the following reactants produces the highest rate of reaction with zinc powder? Antara bahan tindak balas berikut, yang manakah menghasilkan kadar tindak balas paling tinggi dengan serbuk zink? A 25 cm3 of sulphuric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm-3 B 25 cm3 of ethanoik acid 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 asid etanoik 0.1 mol dm-3 C 25 cm3 of nitric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm-3 D 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol dm-3 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 The reaction between zinc, Zn, and hydrochloric acid, HCl, is represented by the following equation: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) A student wants to determine the rate of the reaction in a school laboratory. Which of the following methods is the most suitable? Tindak balas antara zink, Zn, dengan asid hidroklorik, HCl, diwakili oleh persamaan berikut: Zn(p) + 2HCl(ak) ZnCl2(ak) + H2(g) Seorang murid ingin menentukan kadar tindak balas itu di makmal sekolah. Antara kaedah berikut, yang manakah yang paling sesuai? A Determine the change in temperature of the solution with time Menentukan perubahan suhu larutan dengan masa B Determine the change in the concentration of zinc chloride with time Menentukan perubahan kepekatan zink klorida dengan masa C Determine the volume of hidrogen gas given off with time Menentukan isipadu gas hydrogen yang terbebas dengan masa D Determine the change in the concentration of hydrochloric acid with time Menentukan perubahan kepekatan asid hidroklorik dengan masa Diagram below shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the rate of reaction. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas .

8.

9.

Diagram Rajah Which of the following techniques is the mos suitable to determine the rate of reaction? Antara teknik berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas itu? A Record the time as soon as precipitate is formed Mencatat masa sebaik sahaja mendakan mula terbentuk B Record the time taken to obtain the maximum temperature Mencatat masa untuk mendapatkan suhu maksimum C Record the time as soon as the cross mark cannot be seen Mencatat masa sebaik sahaja tanda pangkah tidak kelihatan D Record the time taken for the change of the pH value until a fixed pH value is obtained Mencatat masa bagi perubahan nilai pH sehingga nilai pH yang tetap diperoleh

10 Which of the following is the correct match of a low rate of reaction and a high rate of . reaction? Antara padanan berikut, yang manakah betul tentang tindak balas yang mempunyai kadar tindak balas rendah dan kadar tindak balas tinggi?

11 Table below shows the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, collected in the reaction between . limestone powder and dilute hydrochloric acid. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida, CO2, yang dikumpul dalam tindak balas antara serbuk batu kapur dan asid hidroklorik cair.

Table Jadual What is the average rate of reaction during the second minute? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua? A 1.25 cm3 minute-1 B 2.50 cm3minute-1 1.25 cm3minit -1 2.50 cm3minit -1 3 -1 C 5.00 cm minute D 12.50 cm3minute-1 3 5.00 cm minit -1 12.50 cm3minit -1 12. Which factor does not affect the rate of reaction? Faktor manakah yang tidak mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas? A Size of the solid reactant Saiz bahan tindak balas yang berkeadaan pepejal B Volume of the reactant Isi padu bahan tindak balas C Concentration of the reactant Kepekatan bahan tindak balas D Temperature of the reactant

Suhu bahan tindak balas 13. Which process has the highest rate of reaction? Proses manakah yang mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang paling tinggi? A Rusting Pengaratan B Respiration Respirasi C Combustion Pembakaran D Photosynthesis Fotosintesis 14. In which of the chemical reactions can the rate be determined by measuring the change in the gas volume? Antara tindak balas kimia berikut, yang manakah mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang boleh ditentukan dengan mengukur perubahan isi padu gas? A Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution with iron(II) sulphate solution Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid dengan larutan ferum(II) sulfat B Sodium hydroxide solution with dilute hydrochloric acid Larutan natrium hidroksida dengan asid hidroklorik cair C Silver nitrate solution with sodium chloride solution Larutan argentum nitrat dengan larutan natrium klorida D Calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid Kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik cair 15. How does a catalyst increase the rate of reaction? Bagaimanakah mangkin meningkatkan kadar tindak balas? A Increases the number of effective collisions Meningkatkan bilangan perlanggaran berkesan B Increases the activation energy of the reaction Meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan tindak balas C Increases the total number of reactant particles Meningkatkan jumlah bilangan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas D Increases the kinetic energy of reactant particles Meningkatkan tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas 16. When the temperature of a reacting mixture increases, the rate of reaction increases. Which statement explains why the rate of reaction increases? Apabila suhu campuran bahan tindak balas meningkat, kadar tindak balas meningkat. Pernyataan manakah yang menerangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas meningkat? A The total surface area of the reactant particles increases Jumlah luas permukaan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bertambah B The total number of the reactant particles per unit volume increases Jumlah bilangan zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas per unit isi padu bertambah C The reactant particles move faster and collide more often with one another

Zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bergerak lebih cepat dan berlanggar lebih kerap antara satu sama lain D The reactant particles which collide more often are able to overcome the lower activation energy Zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas yang berlanggar lebih kerap boleh mengatasi tenaga pengaktifan yang lebih rendah 17. Table below shows the total volume of hydrogen gas, collected at regular intervals for the reaction between zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah isi padu gas hidrogen, yang dikumpul pada sela masa yang sekata bagi tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik cair.

Table Jadual What is the average rate of reaction? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata? A 0.10 cm3 min-1 B 7.60 cm3 min-1 C 10.60 cm3 min-1 D 37.40 cm3 min-1 18. The following equation shows the reaction between zinc powder and hydrochloric acid. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) How can the rate of production of hydrogen be increased? Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara serbuk zink dengan asid hidroklorik. Zn(p) + 2HCl(ak) ZnCl2(ak) + H2(g)

Bagaimanakah kadar penghasilan hidrogen boleh ditingkatkan? A Increase the size of the zinc Meningkatkan saiz zink B Increase the volume of water in the acid Meningkatkan isi padu air dalam asid C Increase the volume of the hydrochloric acid Meningkatkan isi padu asid hidroklorik D Increase the temperature of the hydrochloric acid Meningkatkan suhu asid hidroklorik 19. The following chemical equation represents the reaction between calcium carbonate,CaCO3 and hydrochloric acid,HCl. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Which changes can be used to determine the rate of reaction? Persamaan kimia berikut mewakili tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat,CaCO3 dan asid asid hidroklorik,HCl. CaCO3(p) + 2HCl(ak) CaCl2(ak) + CO2(g) + H2O(ce) Perubahan manakah boleh digunakan untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas? I Mass of calcium carbonate per unit time Jisim kalsium karbonat per unit masa II Volume of carbon dioxide released per unit time Isi padu karbon dioksida dibebaskan per unit masa III Colour of the solution per unit time Warna larutan per unit masa IV Mass of precipitate produced per unit time Jisim mendakan terhasil per unit masa A I and II I dan II B I and III I dan III C II and IV II dan IV D III and IV III dan IV

20. When a few drops of copper(II) sulphate solution is added to a mixture of zinc powder and dilute sulphuric acid,the rate of reaction increases. Which statement best explains why the rate of reaction increases? Apabila beberapa titik larutan kuprum(II) sulfat ditambah kepada campuran serbuk zink dan asid sulfurik cair,kadar tindak balas meningkat. Pernyataan manakah yang terbaik menjelaskan mengapa kadar tindak balas meningkat? A Lowers the activation energy Merendahkan tenaga pengaktifan B Increases the collision frequency Meningkatkan frekuensi perlanggaran C Increases the concentration of sulphate ion in the mixture Meningkatkan kepekatan ion sulfat dalam campuran D Makes the orientation of collision between the reacting particles favourable

Menjadikan orientasi perlanggaran antara zarah bahan tindak balas lebih sesuai 21 Table shows the total volume of oxygen gas,O2,collected in the decomposition reaction of . hydrogen peroxide,H2O2. Jadual menunjukkan jumlah isi padu gas oksigen, O2 yang dikumpul dalam tindak balas penguraian hidrogen peroksida,H2O2.

Table Jadual What is the overall average rate of reaction? Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata keseluruhan? A 0.152 cm3 s1 C 0.278 cm3 s1 3 1 B 0.208 cm s D 0.310 cm3 s1