Gol I --- Garam Ca tak Larut Gol II --- Garam Ba tak Larut

Gol III--- Garam Zn tak Larut Gol IV--- Garam Ag tak Larut Gol V--- Gol sisa

+ HCl / H2SO4e CO3-2, HCO3-, SO3-2, S2O3-2, S-2, NO2-2, ClO-, CN-, CNO + H2SO4 p F-, SiFe-2, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-, MnO4-, BrO3-, Fe(CN)6-4, Fe(CN)6-3, BO3-3, CNS-, HCOO-, CH3COO-, (COO)2-2, (C4H4O6)-2, (C6H5O7)-3

Reaksi pengendapan SO4-2, S2O3-2, PO4-3, HPO3-2, H2PO2-, AsO4-3, AsO3-3, CrO4-3, Cr2O7-2, SiO3-2, (SiF6)-2, C6H5COO Reaksi Redoks MnO4-, CrO4-2, Cr2O7-2

1. NO2Kertas KI + H2SO4e --- tttskn lart --- biru (+) NO2- (+) --- dihilangkan + asam sulfamat --- biru (-) 1Bila NO2- (-) Lart + H2SO4 --- dinginkan --- lwt dinding tabung + FeSO4,

Diamkan 1-2--- cincin coklat NO3- (+) (Reaksi diganggu Br-, I-, ClO3-, NO2-)

1SCNLart + 1 tts FeCl3 --- merah darah

1S2O3-2 Lart + 2 tts AgNO3 --- end putih (+) --- kuning --- hitam (+) Sudah tes pendahuluan Larutan dinetralkan dengan NaOH ad sedikit alkalis (pH 7-8) Pemeriksaan Gol Anion

+ NaoH ad netral / agak alkalis + Ca(NO3)2 ad mengendap sempurna Endapan Gol I Cuci dgn air Tapisan Gol II, III, IV, V

End terdidi dari : CaCO3, CaSO4, CaF2, CaC2O4, Ca3(AsO3)2, Ca3(AsO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2, Ca tartrat Endapan dibagi dua 1+ HCl --- gas Ca(OH)2 --- end (+) CO3-2, SO3+ air Brom dan BaCl2 --- and (-) --- SO3-2 (-) Tapisan : CaF2, CaCl2, CaC2O4, Ca3(AsO3)2, Ca3(AsO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2, Ca tartrat + NaOH ad alkalis + Mg(NO3)2, diamkan 10, saring

2. + HCl dipanaskan, dinginkan + air Brom dan BaCl2 Endapan BaSO4

Tapisan + H2O2 [ oksalat tartarat (-) ] dipanaskan, dinginkan, saring 1End putih AsO3 (+) 2Filtrat dipanaskan ad H2S hilang + NH4OHp + Mg(NO3)2 --- end putih PO4 (+)

Endapan Mg.(NH4)PO4.6H2O Mg.(NH4)AsO4.6H2O Lart + Hcle + NaHCO3 padat << + KI padat --- kuning coklat AsO4, As2O3 (+)

Tapisan II, III, IV, V Netralkan pH 7-8 + Ba(NO3)2 ad sempurna

Tapisan Gol III, IV, V

Endapan Gol II Cuci, BaSO4; BaCrO4 + HCl ad pH 1

Endapan BaSO4 + H2SO4p dipanaskan, dinginkan --- end putih (kristal rozet)

Tapisan II, III, IV, Jika tidak berwarna CrO4 (-) Warna Kunig + NaOH ad netral --- end kuning orange CrO4 (+)

Tapisan Gol III, IV, V + HNO3 e ad sedikit asam + Zn(NO3)2 bertetes ad megendap sempurna

Endapan Gol III Zn(CN)2, ZnFe(CN)6, Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 + NH4OHad end larut + AgNO3 + Na2SO3 ad warna coklat (-), saring

Tapisan Gol IV, V

Endapan + HCle + bbrp tts FeCl3 1End biru / warna biru Fe(CN)2 (+) 2End coklat Fe(CN)3 (+)

Tapisan NH4[Ag(CN)2] + HNO3 dipanaskan ad NH3 hilang, saring

Endapan Ag2CN + (NH4)2S

Tapisan dibuang

Tapisan AgCNS + HCl + FeCl3 --- merah darah CN (+)

End Ag2S

Tapisan Gol IV, V + HNO3 ad asam + AgNO3 ad mengendap sempurna Endapan Gol IV AgCl, AgBr, AgI, AgCNS, AgS2O3 (---Ag2S) +NH4OH ad larut, hangatkan + (NH4)2S ad endapan hitam habis Tapisan Gol V

Endapan Ag2S

Tapisan NH4Cl, NH4I, NH4Br, NH4CNS dipanaskan ad bau NH3 hilang, dinginkan + HNO3 ad asam + 3-5 ml CCl4/ CHCl3, gojog 3 Lapisan air Dipanaskan + KMnO4 << + CCL4 / CHCl3, gojog

Lapisan CCL4 / CHCl3--- ungu I2 (+)

Lapisan air dibagi dua 1+ FeCl3 << --- merah CNS (+) 2+ NaNO2 + AgNO3 --- end putih Cl2 (+)

Lapisan CCL4 / CHCl3--- kuning coklat Br2 (+)

Tapisan Gol V

ClO3-, CH3COO-, NO3-, NO2Tapisan dibagi dua: + 1 ml H2SO4 e + AgNO3 dipanaskan end putih + NH4OH --- larut ClO3- (+) Dinetralkan + FeCl3 --- end merah CH3COO- (+)

1 CO3-2 a dengan HCle CO3-2 + H+ --- CO2 + H2O CO2 + Ca+2 + 2 OH- --- end CaCO3 + H2O CO2 + Ba+2 + 2 OH- --- end BaCO3 + H2O b Dengan AgNO3 2 Ag+ + CO3-2 --- end perak Ag2CO3 1 HCO3Pendidihan HCO3- dipanaskan 100OC, CO2

--- + Ca+2 + OH- -- end CaCO3 + H2O

1 SO3-2 Dalam HCle --- SO3-2 + 2H+ --- SO2

(bau S-2) + H2O

1 S2O3-2 + HCl --- end S + SO2 + H2O + I2 --- 2I- + S4O6-2 (tetrationat)
1S-2 + HCl --- H2S + AgNO3 --- Ag2S

+ Pb+2 (hitam) --- larut dalam HNO3 e, dipanaskan

1[Fe(CN)6]-4 (Heksasianoferat (II) + FeCl3 --- end Fe4[Fe(CN)6]-3 (biru) [Feriferosianida] + CuSO4 --- end Cu2[Fe(CN)6] (coklat) 1CNAgNO3 --- CN- + Ag+ --- end Ag(CN) + CN- ---[Ag(CN)2]
1SCN+ CuSO4 --- end Cu(SCN)2 hijau + HSO3- --- hitam end Cu(SCN)2 + SO2 +2 H2O --- end 2CuSCN (putih) +2 SCN- + SO4-2 + 4H+

1NO2- (nitrit) + HCl e --- HNO2 dipanaskan HNO3 + 2NO + H2O + CH3COOH --- HNO2 + CH3COO3 HNO2 --- H2O + HNO3 + 2 NO + FeSO4 + NO --- [Fe(NO)]SO4 1[Fe(CN)6]-3 (Heksasianoferat (III) + FeCl3 --- end Fe [Fe(CN)6] (coklat) + CuSO4 --- end Cu3[Fe(CN)6]-2 (hijau)

1Cl+H2SO4p : HClp + HSO4- + Pb(CH3COO)2 --- end PbCl2 (putih) 1I+ H2SO4 --- I2 + SO4-2 + 2 H2O I2 + Pb+2--- end PbI2 (kuning) I2 + Amylum --- biru + H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan) + ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah 1ClO3+ H2SO4 --- 2 ClO2 + ClO4- + 3 SO4-2 + 2H+ + K+ + H2O + HI --- I2 + Cl- + 3 H2O (kuning) I2 + Amylum --- biru + H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan) + ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah 1Br+ HNO3 --- 3 Br2 + 2NO + 6 NO3- + 4 H2O + H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan) + ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah 1BrO3+ Ag --- End AgBrO3 (putih) + 2NH3 --- [Ag(NH3)2]+ + BrO3+ HI --- I2 + Cl- + 3 H2O (kuning) I2 + Amylum --- biru + H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan) + air Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah

1ClO4-2 (perklorat) + K+ --- end KClO4 (putih) + NH3 --- end NH4ClO4 (putih) 1CrO4-2 dan Cr2O7-2 CrO4-2 + Ba+2 --- end BaCrO4 (kuning) Cr2O7-2 + 2 Ba+2 + H2O --- end 2 BaCrO4 (kuning dipinggir) + 2H+ 1MnO4+ 5 H2S + 6 H+ --- end S-2 + 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O + 5 Fe+2 + 3 H+ --- end 5 Fe+3 + Mn+2 + 4 H2O + 5 NO2- + 6 H+ --- end 5 NO3- + 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O

1SO4-2 + Ba+2 --- end BaSO4 (putih) + Pb+2 --- end PbSO4 (putih) + 2 Ag+ --- end Ag2SO4 (putih) 1IO3+ Ag --- End AgIO3 (putih) + 2 NH3 --- [Ag(NH3)2]+ + IO3[Ag(NH3)2]+ + H2SO3 --- end AgI + 3 SO3-2 + 2 NH4 + 4 H+ (beda dgn BrO3-