FOTOSINTESIS12
FOTOSINTESIS12
Fotosintesis
?
Bgmn Proses
Bahan dasar ?
Organisme
Ototrof
Energi ?
Perangkat alat ?
Apa Produknya ?
Kemosintesis
Fotosintesis ?
Reaksi fotokimia
Bhn baku : CO2 & H2O
Dg energi surya
Sintesis gula
Pd jar fotosintetik
Konversi energi surya
Energi kimia
H2S + CO2
CH2O + 2S
Perangkat fotosintesis
Palisade
Bunga karang
Epidermis
Berkas
angkutan
Struktur daun
Chloroplast Structure
Where within this organelle is the
chlorophyll pigment located?
Chlorophyll pigment is embedded in the thylakoid
membrane
h.c
E = hv =
----
Absorption Spectra
In the thylakoid, several pigments differ in their
absorption spectrum.
Chlorophyll a (dominant pigment) absorbs best in
the red and blue wavelengths, and least in the
green.
Other pigments
(chll b, carotenoids)
have different
absorption spectra and
can transfer energy to chll a
Jaringan Mesofil
sel mesofil
kloroplas
FS I :
1. P700 (Pusat reaksi)
2. Klorofil a (dominan)
Klorofil b (sedikit)
3. Fe-S protein
4. Ferredoxin
LHC (Klo a, klo b, xantofil + sedikit
karoten)
Fungsi :
1. Oksidasi plastocyanin &
Cu-protein
2. Reduksi ferredoxin dan FeS protein.
Struktur kloroplas
TAHAPAN FOTOSINTESIS
Reaksi gelap
Light Reactions
Non-cyclic Electron Flow
Cyclic Electron Flow
Tipe-tipe Fotosintesis
Berdasar produk paling awal dari fiksasi CO2 udara :
Tipe C-3
Tipe C-4
Tipe CAM : terjadi pada tumbuhan gurun,
Karakter gurun :
1) Siang sangat terik, malam sangat dingin
2) Lingkungan (Udara & tanah) sgt kering
Adaptasi :
1) Struktural : Stomata tersembunyi (kriptofor, sunken), Sukulen
2) Fisiologis :
= Stomata membuka pada malam hari
Fotosintesis Tipe C4
Tahapan fotosintesis C4
PEP-Case
dehidroge
nase
Fotosintesis CAM
PEP-Case
Hal
Tbhn C3
Tbhn C4
Daur Calvin
Ada, di stroma
kloroplas mesofil
Ru-dP
PEP
RubisCo
PEP-karboksilase
As. Fosfo-gliserat
[ PGA ]
As. Oksaloasetat
[ OAA ]
Kuat
Tempat fotosintesis
Mesofil saja
Kloroplas
Satu jenis
2 Jenis
Penghambatan oleh O2
( Fotorespirasi )
Besar
Kecil
Fotosintesis
Prokariot
Cyanobakter
(bluegreen algae)
Foto-ototrof
Algae bersel 1
Eukariot
Organisme
Algae
makroskopis
Tumbhn Tinggi
Ototrof
1. Pseudomonas
2. Thiobacillus fero-0xidans
Khemo-ototrof
Bakteri ttt
3. Thiobacillus thio-oxidans
4. Nitrosomonas
5. Nitrobacter
Kemosintesis
Contoh kemosintesis
Kemosintesis : Sintesis materi sel (bahan organik) dengan energi dari hasil
oksidasi zat-zat anorganik
Light-independent reactions
(Dark Reactions)
1.
2.
3.
Has 3 phases:
carbon fixation phase (FIKSASI KARBON)
reduction of CO2 phase (REDUKSI CO2)
regeneration of RuBP phase (REGENERASI
RuBP)
reduction of CO2
phase
2 types of C4 cycle:
1. C3 and C4 metabolism are separated in space
(different cells) e.g. sugar cane
Characteristic aggregation of cells around the
vascular bundles - Krantz morphology (C4 cycle)
2. C3 and C4 metabolism are separated in time (same
cell=mesophyl) e.g. pineapple (CAM cycle).
CO2
OAA (4C)
PEP (3C)
ADP
ATP
Separation
in space (C4 cycle)
Mesophyll cell
surrounding
bundle sheath
Pyruvate (C3)
Malat
CO2
C3
sugar
Vascular tissue
CO2
PEP (3C)
OAA (4C)
Separation
in time (CAM cycle)
In the dark
ADP
ATP
Pyruvate (C3)
Malat
CO2
C3
sugar
Mesophyl
In the light
Details of C4 cycle