LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA SEMEN PEMBORAN

DISUSUN OLEH :

Nama

: Bety Nurohmah Pancerika

NIM

: 1101009

Kelompok : 4 (Empat)

JURUSAN S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
BALIKPAPAN
2014

ii

LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA SEMEN PEMBORAN

Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan Praktikum Analisa Semen Pemboran

Tahun akademik 2012 / 2013
Program Studi S1. Teknik perminyakan
Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Balikpapan

DISUSUN OLEH :
Nama

: Bety Nurohmah Pancerika

NIM

: 11.010.09

Kelompok

: 4 (Empat)

Dengan hasil penilaian :

Balikpapan, Januari 2014

Disetujui oleh

Dosen Pembimbing

Asisten Praktikum I

Ir. Yudiaryono

Wisnu Ganda Subrata

/
iii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA SEMEN PEMBORAN
Nama

: Bety Nurohmah Pancerika

NIM

: 11.010.09

Kelompok

: 4 (Empat)

No
1

Tanggal

Keterangan

27 12- 2013 Pembahasan Paper

1. Proses Penyemenan.
2. Macam-macam additive yang digunakan
didalam penyemenan.
3. Diskusi tentang paper.
4. Pembahasan study kasus tentang cement
program : conductor, surface & intermediate.
Pembahasan Tugas ACC
28-12-2013
1. Macam-macam proses penyemenan.
Primary cementing & macam-macam nya
Secondary cementing & macam-macam
nya
2. Pembahasan tentang pemasangan rangkaian
casing.
30-12-2013
Tugas ACC
Mencari pengertian primary cementing dan
macam-macamnya dengan asprak.
Tugas ACC 28 Desember 2013
1. Resume praktikum
2. Mencari istilah cementing.
3. Menggambar subsurface equipment &
Downhole equipment.
Format laporan
1. Istilah asing di Italic.
2. Halaman awal bab ditengah yang lain
kanan atas.
3. Bullets nya disamain dari Bab I sampai
daftar pustaka.
4. Awal paragraph spasinya harus sama.
5. Rumusnya di kotak warnanya sama.
6. Jarak setiap Bab 1 spasi.

iv

Tanda Tangan

7. Apabila ada angkaditulis % bila tidak

ada di tulis persen.
8. Untuk pembahasan hasil dipertebal (bold).
9. Dalam kurung disamain semua pakai spasi
atau tidak.
10. Penulisan tabel dan grafik diatas.
11. Grafik keterangannya tidak boleh seperti
semut tidak beraturan.
12. Garis grafik disamakan dari acara 1
sampai acara terakhir.
13. Diperhatikan pada tanda baca dan
kekurangan huruf pada kata.
14. Jangan nanggung.
15. Lampirkan paper pada hardcover (paper
dahulu kemudian tugas modul).
16. Pembahasan
umum
paragraph
&
kesimpulan menggunakan point.

KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penyusun panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan YME karena atas berkat
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya kami dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan Laporan
Praktikum Analisa Semen Pemboran ini.
Dengan tersusunnya Laporan Praktikum Analisa Semen Pemboran ini,
penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
1. Bapak M. Nur Mukmin, ST selaku Ketua Jurusan S1 Teknik Perminyakan di
STT MIGAS.
2. Bapak Ir. Yudiaryono selaku Dosen pembimbing Praktikum Analisa Semen
Pemboran.
3. Asisten-asisten Pembimbing Praktikum Analisa Semen Pemboran.
4. Rekan rekan di semester 7 dan 9 yang telah memberikan banyak referensi.
5. Rekan rekan serta semua pihak yang tidak dapat kami sebutkan satu
persatu yang telah membantu sehingga Laporan Praktikum Analisa Semen
Pemboran ini dapat terselesaikan.
Penyusun menyadari bahwa masih banyak kekurangan dalam penyusunan
laporan praktikum ini, sehingga penyusun mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang
kontruktif dan inovatif dari para pembaca demi untuk kesempurnaan di dalam
berbagai aspek dari laporan ini. Akhirnya penyusun berharap semoga laporan ini
dapat bermanfat bagi kita semua, khususnya Mahasiswa Teknik Perminyakan
dalam menambah wawasan dan ilmu pengetahuan. Amin

Balikpapan , Januari 2014

penyusun

vi

DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .........................................................................................

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................

ii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM ........................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK ........................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xv

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................

BAB .. II

PEMBUATAN SUSPENSI SEMEN DAN CETAKAN

SAMPEL .......................................................................................

2.1. Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................

2.2. Teori Dasar ...........................................................................

2.2.1. Macam-macam Penyemenan ....................................

2.2.2. Klasifikasi Semen......................................................

2.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................ 13

2.3.1. Peralatan ................................................................... 13
2.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 14
2.4. Prosedur Percobaan ............................................................. 15
2.4.1. Prosedur Pembuatan Sampel .................................... 15
2.4.2. Cetakan Sampel ........................................................ 13
2.4.3. Pengkondisian Suspensi Semen................................ 16
2.5. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 17
2.6. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 18

vii

BAB III

PENGUJIAN DENSITAS SUSPENSI SEMEN ........................ 19

3.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................. 19
3.2. Teori Dasar ........................................................................... 19
3.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................. 21
3.3.1. Peralatan ................................................................... 21
3.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 21
3.4. Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................. 22
3.5. Analisa dan Hasil Perhitungan ............................................. 23
3.5.1. Analisa ....................................................................... 23
3.5.2. Hasil Perhitungan ....................................................... 24
3.6. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 26
3.7. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 35

BAB IV

PENGUJIAN RHEOLOGI SUSPENSI SEMEN...................... 37

4.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................. 37
4.2. Teori Dasar ........................................................................... 37
4.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................. 39
4.3.1. Peralatan ................................................................... 39
4.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 40
4.4. Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................. 40
4.5. Analisa dan Hasil Perhitungan ............................................. 41
4.5.1. Analisa ....................................................................... 41
4.5.2. Hasil Perhitungan ....................................................... 41
4.6. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 42
4.7. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 46

BAB V

PENGUJIAN THICKENING TIME ......................................... 47

5.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................. 47
5.2. Teori Dasar ........................................................................... 47

viii

5.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................. 49

5.3.1. Peralatan ................................................................... 49
5.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 49
5.4. Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................. 50
5.5. Analisa dan Hasil Perhitungan ............................................. 50
5.5.1. Analisa ....................................................................... 50
5.5.2. Hasil Perhitungan ....................................................... 50
5.6. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 51
5.7. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 53

BAB VI

PENGUJIAN FREE WATER .................................................... 54

6.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................. 54
6.2. Teori Dasar ........................................................................... 54
6.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................. 55
6.3.1. Peralatan ................................................................... 55
6.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 56
6.4. Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................. 56
6.5. Analisa dan Hasil Perhitungan ............................................. 56
6.5.1. Analisa ....................................................................... 56
6.5.2. Hasil Perhitungan ....................................................... 56
6.6. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 57
6.7. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 59

BAB VII PENGUJIAN FILTRATION LOSS........................................... 60

7.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................. 60
7.2. Teori Dasar ........................................................................... 45
7.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................. 62
7.3.1. Peralatan ................................................................... 62
7.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 62
7.4. Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................. 63

ix

7.5. Analisa dan Hasil Perhitungan ............................................. 64

7.5.1. Analisa ....................................................................... 64
7.5.2. Hasil Perhitungan ....................................................... 64
7.6. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 65
7.7. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 71

BAB VIII PENGUJIAN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH........................... 72

8.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................. 72
8.2. Teori Dasar ........................................................................... 72
8.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................. 74
8.3.1. Peralatan ................................................................... 74
8.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 74
8.4. Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................. 75
8.5. Analisa dan Hasil Perhitungan ............................................. 76
8.5.1. Analisa ....................................................................... 76
8.5.2. Hasil Perhitungan ....................................................... 77
8.6. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 78
8.7. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 80

BAB IX

PENGUJIAN SHEAR BOND STRENGTH.............................. 81

9.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................. 81
9.2. Teori Dasar ........................................................................... 81
9.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................. 82
9.3.1 Peralatan ................................................................... 82
9.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 83
9.4. Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................. 83
9.5. Analisa dan Hasil Perhitungan ............................................. 85
9.5.1. Analisa ....................................................................... 85
9.5.2. Hasil Perhitungan ....................................................... 86
9.6. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 87
9.7. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 88

BAB X

PENGUJIAN LUAS PERMUKAAN BUBUK SEMEN........... 89

10.1. Tujuan Percobaan ................................................................. 89
10.2. Teori Dasar ........................................................................... 89
10.3. Peralatan dan Bahan ............................................................ 90
10.3.1. Peralatan ................................................................... 90
10.3.2. Bahan ........................................................................ 90
10.4. Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................. 91
10.5. Analisa dan Hasil Perhitungan ............................................. 91
10.5.1. Analisa ..................................................................... 91
10.5.2. Hasil Perhitungan ..................................................... 91
10.6. Pembahasan .......................................................................... 93
10.7. Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 98

BAB XI

PEMBAHASAN UMUM ............................................................. 99

BAB XII KESIMPULAN UMUM .............................................................. 103

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Dry Process ........................................................................................ 11
Gambar 2.2 Wet Process........................................................................................ 12
Gambar 2.3 Proses Pembakaran ............................................................................ 12
Gambar 2.4 Proses Penggilingan ........................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.5 Timbangan ......................................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.6 Cetakan Kubik ................................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.7 Cetakan Silinder Casing..................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.8 Mixer .................................................................................................. 14
Gambar 2.9 Stopwatch........................................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.10 Mud Balance ...................................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.11 Semen................................................................................................. 14
Gambar 2.12 Air ...................................................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.13 Bentonite ............................................................................................ 14
Gambar 2.14 Barite .................................................................................................. 14
Gambar 3.1 Mud Balance ...................................................................................... 21
Gambar 3.2 Timbangan digital .............................................................................. 21
Gambar 3.3 Multi Mixer ........................................................................................ 21
Gambar 3.4 Semen................................................................................................. 21
Gambar 3.5 Air ...................................................................................................... 21
Gambar 3.6 Bentonite ............................................................................................ 21
Gambar 3.7 Barite .................................................................................................. 21
Gambar 4.1 Fann VG Meter .................................................................................. 39
Gambar 4.2 Gelas Ukur ......................................................................................... 39
Gambar 4.3 Stopwatch........................................................................................... 39
Gambar 4.4 Semen................................................................................................. 40
Gambar 4.5 Air ...................................................................................................... 40
Gambar 4.6 Bentonite ............................................................................................ 40
Gambar 4.7 Barite .................................................................................................. 40
Gambar 5.1 Atmospheric Consistometer ............................................................... 49
xii

Gambar 5.2 Semen Portland .................................................................................. 49

Gambar 5.3 CMC................................................................................................... 49
Gambar 6.1 Mixer .................................................................................................. 55
Gambar 6.2 Timbangan ......................................................................................... 55
Gambar 6.3 Gelas Ukur ......................................................................................... 55
Gambar 7.1 Filter Press ......................................................................................... 62
Gambar 7.2 Kerosine ............................................................................................. 62
Gambar 8.1 Hydraulic Pump ................................................................................. 74
Gambar 8.2 Bearing Block Machine Hydraulic Mortar ........................................ 74
Gambar 8.3 Manometer ......................................................................................... 74
Gambar 8.4 Motor ................................................................................................. 74
Gambar 9.1 Hydraulic Pump ................................................................................. 82
Gambar 10.1 Blaine Permeameter ........................................................................... 90
Gambar 10.2 Pignometer ........................................................................................ 90
Gambar 10.3 Bubuk Semen .................................................................................... 90

xiii

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 3.1

Barite Vs Densitas Suspensi Semen .................................................. 26

Grafik 3.2

Bentonite Vs Densitas Suspensi Semen............................................. 28

Grafik 3.1

Additive (Barite&Bentonite) Vs SG Cement (gr/ml) ........................ 29

Grafik 3.1

Additive (Barite&Bentonite) Vs SG Cement (kg/liter) ..................... 31

Grafik 3.1

Additive (Barite&Bentonite) Vs SG Cement (ppg) ........................... 32

Grafik 3.1

Additive (Barite&Bentonite) Vs SG Cement (lb/ft3) ......................... 26

Grafik 4.1

Penambahan Additive (Barite&Bentonite) Vs Plastic Viscosity

(P) .................................................................................................... 43

Grafik 4.2

Penambahan Additive (Barite&Bentonite) Vs Yield Point (Yp)....... 44

Grafik 4.3

Hubungan (P Barite dan YP Barite) Vs (P Bentonite dan Yp

Bentonite)........................................................................................... 51

Grafik 5.1

Penambahan Additive Vs Thikening Time ........................................ 57

Grafik 6.1

Penambahan Additive Vs Free Water @ 2 Hours ............................. 42

Grafik 7.1

Penambahan additive Vs filtration loss @ 30 menit percobaan ........ 66

Grafik 7.2

Penambahan additive Vs filtration loss @ 30 menit perhitungan ...... 67

Grafik 7.3

Penambahan additive Bentonite Vs Perhitungan & Percobaan ......... 68

Grafik 7.4

Penambahan additive Kerosene Vs Perhitungan & Percobaan ......... 70

Grafik 8.1

Penambahan Additive Vs Compressive Strength .............................. 79

Grafik 9.1

Penambahan Additive Vs Shear Bond Strength ................................ 87

Grafik 10.1 Viscositas Vs Temperature ................................................................ 94

Grafik 10.2 Porositas () Vs Temperature (Rn) .................................................. 95
Grafik 10.3 Hubungan densitas semen dengan Luas Permukaan butir semen
(OPS) ................................................................................................. 95

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1

Hasil Pengujian Densitas Suspensi Semen ........................................ 23

Tabel 3.2

Penambahan Barite ............................................................................ 26

Tabel 3.3

Penambahan Bentonite ...................................................................... 27

Tabel 3.4

Penambahan Bentonite & Barite dengan SG Semen (gr/ml) ............. 29

Tabel 3.5

Penambahan Bentonite & Barite dengan SG Semen (kg/liter) .......... 23

Tabel 3.6

Penambahan Bentonite & Barite dengan SG Semen (ppg) ............... 32

Tabel 3.7

Penambahan Bentonite & Barite dengan SG Semen (lb/ft3) ............. 32

Tabel 4.1

Tabulasi Pengujian Rheologi Suspensi Semen .................................. 41

Tabel 4.2

Penambahan bentonite & Barite pada P .......................................... 41

Tabel 4.3

Penambahan bentonite & Barite pada p ........................................... 43

Tabel 5.1

Pengujian Thickening Time ............................................................... 50

Tabel 5.2

Penambahan Additive Nacl & CMC pada thickening Time .............. 51

Tabel 6.1

Kandungan Air Normal dalam Suspensi Semen oleh API ................ 54

Tabel 6.2

Hasil percobaan terhadap Free Water @ 2 hours .............................. 56

Tabel 6.3

Penambahan additive Bentonite & Barite pada Free Water @

2hours................................................................................................. 57

Tabel 7.1

Hasil pengujian Filtration Loss .......................................................... 64

Tabel 7.2

Penambahan Zat Additive Pada FL @30menit Percobaan ................ 65

Tabel 7.3

Penambahan Zat Additive Pada FL @30menit Perhitungan ............. 67

Tabel 7.4

Penambahan Zat Additive Bentonite Pada FL @30menit

Perhitungan&Percobaan .................................................................... 68

Tabel 7.5

Penambahan Zat Additive Bentonite Pada FL @30menit

Perhitungan&Percobaan .................................................................... 69

Tabel 8.1

Hasil pengujian Compressive Strength .............................................. 76

Tabel 8.2

Perbandingan t/D terhadap koefisien factor....................................... 77

Tabel 8.3

Penambahan Additive Vs Compressive Strength .............................. 79

Tabel 9.1

Hasil pengujian Shear Bond Strength ................................................ 85

Tabel 9.2

Perbandingan t/D terhadap koefisien factor....................................... 77

xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
TUGAS PAPER

ACARA

Pembuatan Suspensi Semen dan Cetakan Sampel

ACARA

II

Pengujian Densitas Suspensi Semen

ACARA

III

Pengujian Rheologi Suspensi Semen

ACARA

IV

Pengujian Thickening Time

ACARA

Pengujian Free Water

ACARA

VI

Pengujian Filtration Loss

ACARA

VII

Penguijian Compressive Strength

ACARA

VIII

Pengujian Shear Bond Strength

ACARA

IX

Pengujian Luas Permukaan Bubuk Semen

xvi