ANTIOKSIDAN

Hidajah
Rachmawati,S.Si,Apt,SpFRS

Antioksidan

Antioksidan adalah substansi

yang diperlukan tubuh
menetralisir radikal bebas dan
mencegah kerusakan yang
ditimbulkan o/ radikal bebas
dengan melengkapi
kekurangan elektrolit yg
dimiliki radikal bebas dan
menghambat terjadinya reaksi
berantai dari pembentukan
radikal bebas yg dpt
menimbulkan stres oksidatif

RADIKAL BEBAS

Radikal bebas merupakan jenis oksigen yg

memiliki tingkat reaktif yg tinggi dan scr
alami ada didlm tubuh sebagai hasil dari
reaksi biokimia tubuh
Radikal bebas juga terdapat di lingkungan
sekitar kita yg berasal dari polusi udara,
asap tembakau, penguapan alkohol yg
berlebihan, bahan pengawet dan pupuk,
sinar ultr violet, x-rays dan ozon

Oxidant : RO, O2-

Antioxidants

HO, HOO, H2O2

ROO , 1O2

RO, O2HO HOO

H2O2,
ROO, 1O2,

Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on

Degenerative Diseases

Gastro intestinal

Eye

Skin

Heart
Heart attack

Hepatitis

Cataractogenesis

Dermatitis

Liver injury

Retinal damage

Age pigment

Teeth
Periodontis

Vessels
Atherosclerosis
Vasospasms

Reactive Oxygen Species

Multiorgan failure
Cancer

Joints
Arthritis

Brain

Lung

Trauma

Asthma

Stroke

Hyperoxia

RADIKAL BEBAS

Radikal bebas dpt merusak sel tubuh apabila

tubuh kekurangan zat anti oksidan atau saat
tubuh kelebihan radikal bebas. Hal ini
menyebabkan berkembangnya sel
kanker,penyakit hati, arthritis, katarak, dan
penyakit degeneratif lainnya, bahkan
mempercepat proses penuaan.
Radikal bebas dpt merusak membran sel serta
merusak dan merubah DNA . Merubah zat kimia
dlm tubuh dpt meningkatkan resiko terkena
kanker serta merusak dan menonaktifkan protein

Antioksidan

Vit A
Vit C
Vit E
Karotenoid
selenium

Vitamins Alpha
tocopherol

Breaks lipid peroxidation

Lipid peroxide and O2 and
OH scavenger

Fat soluble
vitamin

Beta
carotene

Scavenges OH, O2 and

peroxy radicals
Prevents oxidation of vitamin
A
Binds to transition metals

Fat soluble
vitamin

Ascorbic
acid

Directly scavenges O2, OH,

and H2O2

Water soluble
vitamin

Neutralizes oxidants from

stimulated neutrophils
Contributes to regeneration of
vitamin E

Vitamin E

Family of related compounds

tocopherols & tocotrienols
tocotrienols less widely distributed than
tocopherols - considered of less
nutritional importance
4 major forms based on # & position of
methyl groups on ring - , , ,
all-rac tocopherol

CH 3
HO

H 3C

O
CH 3

CH 3

H 3C

4'

H 3C

8'

CH 3
CH 3

-Tocopherol

Activity
roughly
corresponds to
number of
methyl groups

Carotenoids

About 600 identified so far

Most familiar is yellow-orange pigments of
carrots, -carotene
Two major groups: carotenes and
xanthophylls

Carotene Groups
Caroteniods

carotenes
-carotene -carotene

xanthophylls
cryptoxanthin

lutein

zeaxanthin

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

Biochemical function:
cofactor for at least eight
enzymes
At the tissue level, a
major function collagen
synthesis ( vit C
deficiency can lead
scurvy)
The antioxidant
properties protect NO,
protect against agerelated cataract

Fruits
Grapes
Berry fruits
Prunes
Citrus fruits
Apples

Vegetables

Tomato

Beans

Broccoli

Beet

Mushroom

Corn

White cabbage

Kale

Cauliflower

Spinach

Garlic

Onion

Soybean

R2

R1

OH

Isoflavone

R1

R2

Genistein

OH

OH

Genistin

OH

O-glucose

Daidzein

OH

Daidzin

O-glucose

Herb and Spice

OH

OH

CH3

HO

CH3

HOOC

HO
CH3
C
O

H3C

CH3

H3C

CH3

Carnosoic Acid

Carnosol
HOOC
O

OH
OH

O
HO
OH

Rosemarinic Acid

CH3

Tea

OH
OH

OH

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH
OH

Epicatechin

OH

OH

Epigallocatechin

Wine

Red wine decreases coronary heart disease mortality

in some part of France. Please drink up to two
glasses !!!
The coumaric, cinnamic, caffeic, and ferulic acids
catechin, epicatechin and quercetin in are good
antioxidants.

Biological Activities of Phytochemicals

Antioxidants

Carotenoids tocopherol
catechins
quercetin
kaempferol genistein
daidzein

Anticancer Agent s

Isoflavones lignans

DNA repair Agents

Vanillin cinnamaldehyde
coumarin anisaldehyde

Terima kasih