SEBAGAI FITOREMEDIAN
BAHAN ORGANIK PERAIRAN TAMBAK BUDIDAYA
Wage Komarawidjaja
Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Lingkungan (P3TL), BPPT
Gedung BPPT-II, Lantai 21, Jl.Thamrin no.8, Jakarta 10340
Abstract
Phytoremediation is the utilization of green plants to remove pollutants from the
environment. A central component of this technology is the use of plants as living
technologies that provide services in addressing environmental issues. Therefore,
based on the hydrological understanding, phytoremediation technology can be used to
manage nutrient and water dynamics; It can lead significant improvement in water
quality as well as remediation of degraded ecosystem.
Laboratory experiment result indicated, seagrass called Gracilaria sp. have the ability
in reducing organic substance as total Nitrogen (N-Total) from 1,2 mg / L into 0.4 mg / L
in less than 10 hour. The integration of seagrass into pond ecosystem as organic
substances phytoremedian of exceeding fish-feed accumulation expected to become
an alternative technology for water quality recovery enhancement.
Keyword : seagrass Gracilaria sp., phytoremediation, brackish water aquaculture.
1.
PENDAHULUAN
900,000
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
450 rb
Ha
772 rb
Ha
Laut
Tambak
Kolam
Karamba
Jaring Apung
Sawah
Laut
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004*)
197,114
430,017
214,393
25,773
34,602
93,063
221,010
454,710
222,790
39,340
40,710
98,190
234,859
473,128
254,625
40,742
47,172
86,627
249,242
501,977
281,262
40,304
57,628
93,779
830,810
584,036
317,598
58,700
58,920
93,576
Tambak
Kolam
Karamba
Tahun
Jaring Apung
Sawah
411
12000
2000
1800
1400
8000
1200
6000
1000
800
Produksi (Ton)
10000
1600
4000
600
400
2000
200
0
0
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Tahun
Udang
Lahan
10/3
30/3
9/
19/4 29/4
9/5
19/
29/
Waktu Penimbangan
10
8
6
4
2
0
In effluent Transferred
channel
to ocean
Gambar-6. Laju
Pertumbuhan
Lautdalam berbagai media.
3. FITOREMEDIASI
ORGANIK
Rumput
PENCEMAR
413
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
T3
T6
T9
T12
T15
T18
T21
T24
Pengamatan Jam Ke
N-tot1
%N
N-tot2
Day 5
Day 10
Day 15
Tambak Budidaya
Tambak Budidaya
Tambak Budidaya
Air Buangan
Rumput Laut
Air Buangan
Air Buangan
7.
dapat
8.
9.
4. KESIMPULAN
Dari
uraian
sebelumnya,
sisimpulkan bahwa :
2. Gracilaria
sp
sebagai
agen
fitoremediasi memiliki adaptasi yang
tinggi terhadap lingkungan tambak
budidaya.
3.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dahuri,
R.
2002.
Pemanfaatan
sumberdaya perairan di pesisir bagi
pembangunan
yang
berkelanjutan
melalui
pengembangan
industri
budidaya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional
Limnologi 2002. ISBN 979-8163-11-7. :
1-22
Garno Y S, P Pranoto dan W
Komarawidjaja.
1995.
Menyelamatkan
kehancuran industri
budidaya
udang
dari
degradasi
ekosistem tambak.
Publikasi Ilmiah
Menuju Era Teknologi Hijau.
Buku 1:
Masalah
Lingkungan
dan
Pengelolaannya.. Jakarta. ISBN 9798465-12-1 : 247-256.
Lee T M, Y C Chang and Y H Lin.
1999.
Differences in physyiological
responses between winter and summer
Gracilaria tenuistipitata to varying
temperature. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin.49 :
93-100.
Jones A B, N P Preston and W C
Dennison 2003.
The efficiency and
condition of oysters and macroalgal used
as biological filters of shrimp pond
effluent. Aquaculture Research 33 : 119
5.
6.
415
416