ASISTENSI PERMODELAN TK:

TUTORIAL MATLAB

MATLAB

MATLAB = MATRIX LABORATORY

Bekerja dgn basis matriks
Case-sensitive
Keunggulan:

User Friendly (GUI)

Mudah dipakai programming tingkat tinggi
Dapat menyelesaikan problem matematik kompleks
Dapat mem-plot grafik 2D dan 3D
Dapat import data dari excel

Ada demo dan tutorial yang dapat dipelajari sendiri

Gunakan help command

OUTLINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Input Variabel (Matriks)

Operasi Matriks
Perintah dasar
Plot grafik
Flow control:

If..else
For
While
Do

6. Fungsi:

Eliminasi Gauss
Mencari akar: fzero & roots
SPANL: solve
Persamaan Diferensial Biasa (PDB): ode45

EDITOR:
Function/subroutines

WORKSPACE:
Variabel2 yg sudah
diinput

COMMAND WINDOW:
-Menuliskan perintah2/program utama
- Memasukkan data
- Mengeksekusi program dan keluar hasil

1. INPUT VARIABEL
a vector x = [1 2 5 1]
x =

a matrix
x =

1
3

transpose

x = [1 2 3; 5 1 4; 3 2 -1]
2
2

3
-1

y = x

1
2
5
1

4
y =

1. INPUT VARIABEL

t =1:7
t =

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
k =2:-0.5:0

k =

2 1.5

1 0.5

B = [1:4; 5:8]
x =

1
5

2
6

3
7

4
8

Informasi Tambahan
Agar hasil tdk tampil setelah mengetikkan
perintah pada akhir baris tambahkan tanda(;)
Cth: A=[1 2 3];
Pemisah antar kolom matriks : spasi ( ) atau
koma (,)
Pemisah antar baris matriks: titik koma (;)

Matriks khusus
zeros (M,N) =
Matriks 0 orde MxN

x = zeros(1,3)
x =
0
0
0

ones (M,N) =
Matriks 1 orde MxN

x = ones(1,3)
x =
1
1
1

eye (n) =
Matriks identitas nxn

x =
x =
1
0
0

eye(3)
0
1
0

0
0
1

Matriks khusus
linspace (a,b,n) =
Vektor ruang linier dari a
sampai b dengan jumlah
titik/elemen sebanyak n
(mengikuti baris
aritmatika)

x = linspace(1,10,5)
x =
1
3.25
5.5 7.75

10

2. OPERASI MATRIKS
Simbol/perintah

Jenis operasi

Penjumlahan

Pengurangan

Perkalian

Pembagian

Pangkat

Transpose

.*

Perkalian elemen2

./

Pembagian elemen2

.^

Pangkat elemen2

inv(A)

Invers dari matriks A

2. OPERASI MATRIKS ARRAY INDEXING

A=
1
4
7

2
5
8

3
6
9

Perintah
A(1,3)
A(2,:)

Hasil
3
4 5 6

A(:,3)

3
6
9

A(2,1:2)

A(1:2,1:2)

1
4

2
5

A(8)

LATIHAN
Cari Penyelesaian SPAL:
x + 2y z = 10
4y 2z = 15
3x + 2y + z = 8

3. PERINTAH-PERINTAH DASAR
Perintah

Keterangan

clc

Menghapus semua command

pada command window

clear

Menghapus semua variabel

pada workspace

whos

Menampilkan variabel yg sudah

tersimpan di workspace pada
command window

save

Menyimpan variabel
(workspace)

4. FLOW CONTROL

if
for
while
do

Operators (relational, logical)

== Equal to
~= Not equal to
< Strictly smaller
> Strictly greater
<= Smaller than or equal to
>= Greater than equal to
& And operator
| Or operator

Control Structures
If Statement Syntax
if (Condition_1)
Matlab Commands
elseif (Condition_2)
Matlab Commands
elseif (Condition_3)
Matlab Commands
else
Matlab Commands
end

Some Dummy Examples

if ((a>3) & (b==5))
Some Matlab Commands;
end
if (a<3)
Some Matlab Commands;
elseif (b~=5)
Some Matlab Commands;
end
if (a<3)
Some Matlab Commands;
else
Some Matlab Commands;
end

Control Structures
For loop syntax
for i=Index_Array
Matlab Commands
end

Some Dummy Examples

for i=1:100
Some Matlab Commands;
end
for j=1:3:200
Some Matlab Commands;
end
for m=13:-0.2:-21
Some Matlab Commands;
end
for k=[0.1 0.3 -13 12 7 -9.3]
Some Matlab Commands;
end

Control Structures
While Loop Syntax
while (condition)
Matlab Commands
end

Dummy Example
while ((a>3) & (b==5))
Some Matlab Commands;
end

5. PLOT GRAFIK
x = [0,pi/100,2*pi]; atau
x = linspace(0,2*pi,100);
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y)

LATIHAN
Plot the function e-x/3 sin(x) between 0x4

Jawaban
Create an x-array of 100 samples between 0 and
4.
>>x=linspace(0,4*pi,100);

Calculate sin(.) of the x-array

>>y=sin(x);

Calculate e-x/3 of the x-array

>>y1=exp(-x/3);

Multiply the ELEMENTS of arrays y and y1

>>y2=y.*y1;

5. PLOT GRAFIK
Plot y vs x
>>plot(x,y2)
1
0.8
0.6

y 0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
0

10

12

6. FUNGSI-FUNGSI

Fzero mencari akar fungsi

Roots mencari akar polinomial
Fsolve solusi SPANL
Ode45 solusi PDB

6. FUNGSI-FUNGSI
Mencari akar fungsi
Non-linier: fzero
Syntax: fzero(function,x0)
x0 = tebakan awal
Polynomial: roots
Syntax: roots([matriks koefisien])

Mencari akar - Contoh

SOAL:
f(x) = x3 2x 5
Solution #1
>>fun=@(x) (x^3-2*x-5);
>>xroot=fzero(fun,0)
Result:
xroot =
2.0946

Solution #2
>>roots([1 0 -2 -5])
Result:
ans =
2.0946 + 0.0000i
-1.0473 + 1.1359i
-1.0473 - 1.1359i

LATIHAN

F(x) = x5 + 3x4 -5x2 +4x +12

6. Fungsi-fungsi
SPANL fsolve
syntax: fsolve(fun,x0)
PDB/ODE ode45

SPANL contoh soal

Solusi-Function
function F = myfun(x)
F = [2*x(1) - x(2) - exp(-x(1));
-x(1) + 2*x(2) - exp(-x(2))];
end

 x0 = [-5; -5];
options = optimoptions('fsolve','Display','iter');
[x,fval] = fsolve(@myfun,x0,options) % Call
solver

RESULT
Norm of First-order Trust-region
Iteration Func-count f(x)
step
optimality radius
0
3
47071.2
2.29e+04
1
1
6
12003.4
1
5.75e+03
1
2
9
3147.02
1
1.47e+03
1
3
12
854.452
1
388
1
4
15
239.527
1
107
1
5
18
67.0412
1
30.8
1
6
21
16.7042
1
9.05
1
7
24
2.42788
1
2.26
1
8
27
0.032658
0.759511
0.206
2.5
9
30 7.03149e-06
0.111927
0.00294
2.5
10
33 3.29525e-13 0.00169132
6.36e-07
2.5