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SENYAWA HIDROKARBON
Disebut Hidrokarbon : mengandung
unsur C dan H
Terdiri dari :
1. Alkana (CnH2n+2)
2. Alkena (CnH2n)
3. Alkuna (CnH2n-2)
ALKANA
ALKANA
Struktur ALKANA : CnH2n+2
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
(heksana)
sikloheksana
ALKANA
PEMBUATAN ALKANA :
Hidrogenasi senyawa Alkena
Reduksi Alkil Halida
Reduksi metal dan asam
PENGGUNAAN ALKANA :
Metana : zat bakar, sintesis, dan carbon black
(tinta,cat,semir,ban)
Propana, Butana, Isobutana : zat bakar LPG (Liquified
Petrolium Gases)
Pentana, Heksana, Heptana : sebagai pelarut pada sintesis
ALKANA
Fraksi tertentu dari Destilasi langsung Minyak Bumi/mentah
TD (oC)
Jumlah C
Nama
Penggunaan
< 30
1-4
Fraksi gas
30 - 180
5 -10
Bensin
180 - 230
11 - 12
Minyak tanah
230 - 305
13 - 17
Minyak gas
ringan
305 - 405
18 - 25
Sisa destilasi :
Minyak mudah menguap, minyak pelumas, lilin dan vaselin
Bahan yang tidak mudah menguap, aspal dan kokas dari m.
bumi
Types of Carbons
Sistematika Nomenklatur
International
Chemistry
IUPAC
Committee on Organic Nomenclature
GMU Chemistry
Alkana
alkana
Penyusun
Mempunyai
jumlah karbon
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
15
jumlah isomer
2
3
5
9
18
35
75
355
4347
Alkana
CH4
Methane
(CH4)
CH3 CH3
Ethane
(C2H6)
(C3H8)
(C4H10)
Hexane
(C6H14)
(C5H12)
Heptane
(C7H16)
(C10H22)
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Nomenklature Alkana
Alkana
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Butyl
CH3
Isobutyl
CH3 CH2
(2-Methylpropyl)
Ethyl
CH3 CH2 CH2
Propyl
CH3 CH
CH3
CH3 CH CH2
CH3
CH3 CH2 CH
CH3
sec-Butyl
(1-Methylpropyl)
CH3 C
CH3
tert-Butyl
(1,1-Dimethylethyl)
Isopropyl
(1-Methylethyl)
GMU Chemistry
Nomenklature alkana
(IUPAC)
Satu substituent
Tentukan
Nomenklature Organik
4
2-metilbutana
GMU Chemistry
3-metilpentana
GMU Chemistry
4-etilheptana
GMU Chemistry
CH2 CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH CH2 CH3
7
CH3
4-etil-3-metilheptana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH3
8
CH2 CH3
3-etil-5-metiloktana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3 CH CH CH3
1
CH3
2,3-dimetilbutana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3 CH2 C
1
CH3
3,3-dimetilheksana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3
2,7,8-trimetildekana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3
10
3,4,8-trimetildekana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH CH2 C
5
CH3
1
CH3
2,2,4-Trimetilpentana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH2 CH3
6-etil-3,4-dimetiloktana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH2 CH3
3-etil-6-metiloktana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3 CH
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2 CH3
4-isopropil-2,6,6-trimetilnonana
GMU Chemistry
C
5
CH2 CH3
2
5-(1-Etil-1-metilpropil)-5-propilnonana
GMU Chemistry
Good Luck!
CH3
CH3 C
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
7-(1,1-Dimetilbutil)-3-etil-7-metildodekana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3 CH
2
1-metiletil
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3 CH
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2 CH3
2,6,6-trimetil-4-(1-metiletil)nonana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3 CH CH2 CH
4
1,3-dimetilbutil
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(1,3-dimetilbutyl)
= d
(1,1,2-trimetilpropil) = t
(1-etil-l,2-dimetil) = e
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CH CH2 CH3
2
2-etil-1,1-dimetilbutil
GMU Chemistry
C
5
CH2 CH3
2
5-(1-etil-1-metilpropil)-5-propilnonana
GMU Chemistry
CH2
CH3
CH
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
7-(1,1-dimetiletil)-3-etil-7-metildekana
7-tert-butil-3-etil-7-metildekana
GMU Chemistry
Question 1
Select the correct IUPAC name
for the compound shown to
the right.
A) 3,3-diethyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane
B) 3,3-dimethyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane
C) 3,3-diethyl-3-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethylpentane
D) 2,2-diethyl-3,3,4,4-tetramethylpentane
E) 2,2-dimethyl-3,3,4,4-tetraethylpentane
Question 2
Select the correct IUPAC name for the compound
shown here.
A) 3-ethyl-8-methyl-7-propylnonane
B) 7-ethyl-2-methyl-3-propylnonane
C) 3-ethyl-7-isobutyldecane
D) 3-ethyl-7-isopropyldecane
E) 8-ethyl-4-isopropyldecane
Question 3
Which of the following compounds is 2-methyl-6,6diethylnonane?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Sikloalkana
Nama
GMU Chemistry
Molekul siklis
H
H
C
H
C
CH2 CH2
Cyclopropane
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
Cyclobutane
C
H
H
HH
H
C
C
C
H
CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
Cyclopentane
CH2
H
H
H
H
H
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
Cyclohexane
GMU Chemistry
Nomenclature Sikloalkana
tersubstitusi
Jika
Br
Bromosiklopropana
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CH3
CH3
1,1-Dimetilsikloheksana
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CH3
CH3
CH3 CH2
4-Etil-1,1-dimetilsikloheksana
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CH
CH3
CH3
1-isopropil-2-metilsikloheksana
2-metil-1-(1-metiletil)sikloheksana
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3
2
1
7
4
5
CH3
2-Kloro-1,1,6-trimetilsikloheptana
GMU Chemistry
Gugus Sikloalkil
Cyclopropyl
Cyclopentyl
Cyclobutyl
Cyclohexyl
GMU Chemistry
CH3 CH2 C
CH2 CH3
CH3
3-metil-3-siklobutilpentana
GMU Chemistry
CH3 CH2 CH
CH3
2-Siklobutilbutana
sec-Butilsiklobutana
GMU Chemistry
Derajat Substitusi
CH3 R
primary (1)
R CH2 R
secondary (2)
R
R
CH R
R
tertiary (3)
quaternary (4)
GMU Chemistry
Derajat Substitusi
CH
3
1
CH
3
1
CH3 CH
3
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH2 CH3
GMU Chemistry
Suffix
-anoic anhydride
-anoyl chloride
-anoic acid
-anenitrile
-anoate
-anamide
-anal
-anone
-anol
dialkyl ether
-anamine
awalan
carboxycyanocarboxyalkylamidooksooksohidroksialkoksiamino-
Nomenklatur senyawa
halida dan nitro
F
Cl
Fluoro
Br
Chloro
I
Bromo
Iodo
NO2
Nitro
WWU Chemistry
CH3 CH2 Br
Bromoetana
Etil bromida
GMU Chemistry
CH3
CH3 C
Cl
CH3
2-Kloro-2-metilpropana
tert-Butil klorida
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CH3 CH
Br
CH
CH2 CH3
CH3
2-Bromo-3-metilpentana
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Iodosikloheksana
Sikloheksil iodida
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Br
Cl
1-Bromo-2-klorosikloheksana
GMU Chemistry
CH3 CH
CH3
NO2
2-Nitropropana
GMU Chemistry
LOCANT
PREFIX
STEM
SUFFIX
numbers
substituents
number
-ALK(AN)-
ending
GMU Chemistry
GMU Chemistry
Pembakaran Alkana
CnH2n+2 + m O2
GMU Chemistry
Halogenasi alkana
Cl
Cl
light
Cl
Cl
GMU Chemistry
1.
Mechanism of chlorination of
methane
INITIATION
..
: Cl
..
..
Cl :
..
light
..
: Cl .
..
(a free radical)
..
: Cl .
..
..
Cl :
..
. CH
3
(methyl radical)
. CH
3
..
: Cl
..
..
Cl :
..
CH3
..
Cl :
..
..
: Cl .
..
GMU Chemistry