Etiologi
Demam tifoid adalah penyakit infeksi
sistemik karena bakteri S. Typhi dan S.
Paratyphi yang ditandai dengan demam
dan nyeri abdomen.
Pathophysiology
Ingestion of
organism
Small
intestines
Penetrates
mucous layer
Disseminate
Phagocytose
through out
Colonize
d by
the body via
reticuloendoth
macrophage
lymphatics
elial tissue
then
Recruitment of circulation
Secretion of
mononuclear cells &
cytokines by
development of a
the epithelial
specific acquired cellcells and
mediated immune
macrophage
responses
Degranulation
and release of
hepatosplenomeg
toxins substance
aly
by neutrophils
Replicates
(intracellular
)
Cross the
epithelial layer
of small
intestines
Fever
Abdominal
pain
Damage of
intestinal
mucosa
inflammatory
diarhea
Clinical Course
The incubation period for S.typhi averages 10 -14
days but ranges from 3 21 days, depending on th
inoculum size and the hosts health and immune
status.
Symptoms
Prolonged fever (38,8o - 40,5o C)
Headache
Chills
Cough
Sweating
Malaise
Arthralgia
GI symptoms anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea or constipation
diagnosis
Blood culture : sensitivity 40-80%,
ditemukan basil ssalmonella (minggu I dan
II)
Bone marrow culture : sensitivy 50-90%
Pemeriksaan H2TL :
Limfosit 4000 5000, dengan limfositiosis
relatif (pada fase awal)
Terapi
Terapi