Pendahuluan: Boraks merupakan bahan berbahaya yang disalahgunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pangan.1 Boraks
merupakan radikal bebas eksogen yang dapat memicu kerusakan organ akibat stres oksidatif.2 Stres oksidatif dapat
dihambat oleh antioksidan.3 Flavonoid pada ekstrak daun bambu (BLE) berfungsi sebagai antioksidan nonenzimatis.4 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanolik daun Bambu Jawa terhadap
lesi mukosa gaster tikus yang diinduksi boraks. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium pada 25 tikus Wistar
jantan dalam lima kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (aquades 2 cc), kontrol positif (boraks 1 gr/KgBB),
perlakuan 1 (boraks dan BLE 10 mg/ml), 2 (boraks dan BLE 20 mg/ml) dan 3 (boraks dan BLE 40 mg/ml). Induksi
dilakukan setiap hari selama 21 hari, lalu dilakukan pengecatan Hematoxylen Eosin (HE) pada preparat histologi
gaster. Pengukuran lesi mukosa gaster dalam lima lapang pandang diamati melalui mikroskop dengan perbesaran
200 kali. Data dianalisa dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney (p0.05). Hasil: Pemberian BLE dosis 10
mg/ml (p=0.881), 20 mg/ml (p=0.881) dan 40 mg/ml (p=0.050) mampu menurunkan lesi mukosa mukosa gaster
akibat boraks sebesar 33.33% (10 mg/ml dan 20 mg/ml) sampai 50% (40 mg/ml). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanolik
daun Bambu Jawa dosis 40 mg/ml signifikan menurunkan lesi mukosa gaster tikus strain Wistar yang diinduksi
boraks.
Kata Kunci : Gigantochloa atter, Bambu Jawa, boraks, lesi mukosa lambung.
The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Java Bamboo (Gigantochloa atter) Leaves to Gastric
Mucosal Lesion in Rat Induced Borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O)
Sari Nurmalia 1, Rima Zakiyah 2, Arif Yahya 2
Student of Medical Faculty of Malang Islamic University
2
Lecturer of Medical Faculty of Malang Islamic University
1
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Borax was hazardous ingredients that abused as food additives.1 Borax was exogenous free radicals
that can trigger organ damage due to oxidative stress.2 Oxidative stress can be inhibited by the antioxidants.3
Flavonoids in bamboo leaves extract (BLE) serves as a non-antioxidant enzimatis.4 This study aims to identifying the
effect of ethanolic extract of Java bamboo leaves to gastric mucosal lesion in rat induced borax. Method:
experimental laboratory design used 25 male Wistal rats divided into 5 groups; namely negative control (2 cc of
aquades), positive control (borax 1 gr/BW), treatment 1 (borax and 10 mg/ml dose of BLE), treatment 2 (borax and
20 mg/ml of BLE), and treatment 3 (borax and 40 mg/ml of BLE). The induction was carried out every day in 21
days, then done the colored histology preparation by Hematoxylen Eosin (HE). The measurement of the gastric
mucosal lesion in five fields of view observed through a microscope with magnification 200 times. Data were
analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (p0.05) tests. Result: 10 mg/ml (p=0.881), 20 mg/ml (p=0.881)
and 40 mg/ml (p=0.050) doses of BLE were able to decrease of gastric mucosal lesion caused by borax amount of
33.33% (10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml) until 50% (40 mg/ml). Conclusion: 40 mg/ml dose of ethanolic extract of Java
bamboo leaves are decrease significantly to gastric mucosal lesion in rat induced borax.
Keywords: Gigantochloa atter, Java Bamboo, borax, gastric mucosal lesion.
722/MENKES/PER/IX/1988
tentang
larangan
penggunaan boraks sebagai bahan tambahan makanan
masih belum dipatuhi oleh lapisan masyarakat di
Indonesia.7 Penggunaan boraks sebagai BTP tidak
memenuhi kaidah Islam mengenai produk pangan yang
halal dan baik (halalan thoyiban). Kaidah tersebut
diatur secara jelas dalam Q.S Al-Baqarah (168), AlMaidah (88), An-Nahl (114) serta dipertegas dalam
hadist Nabi Muhammad SAW.8 Di dalam ajaran Islam
menghindari kemudaratan lebih diutamakan daripada
mengambil kemaslahatan. Boraks (Na2B4O7.10H2O)
biasa digunakan sebagai bahan pembersih, pengawet
PENDAHULUAN
Akhir-akhir ini di Indonesia banyak terjadi
penyalahgunaan bahan tambahan pangan (BTP)
berbahaya.6 Berdasarkan hasil survei keamanan pangan
tahun 2013 yang dilakukan oleh Badan POM RI pada
1.504 Industri Rumah Tangga Pangan (IRTP) di 18
provinsi, ditemukan banyak penyalahgunaan bahan
berbahaya seperti boraks (8,80%), formalin (4,89%),
rhodamin B dan methanyl yellow (4,89%) pada produk
IRTP.1 Survei tersebut membuktikan bahwa SK
Menteri
Kesehatan
Republik
Indonesia
No.
K(-)
Tikus
Wistar
K(+)
Tikus
Wistar
Pk1
Tikus
Wistar
Pk2
Tikus
Wistar
Pk3
Tikus
Wistar
Jantan
Jantan
Jantan
Jantan
Jantan
12
12
12
12
12
Gerakan
BB awal
(gr)
BB
prakondisi
(gr)
BB akhir
(gr)
Aquades 2
cc
Boraks
1gr/KgBB
Aktif
150180
Aktif
150180
Aktif
150180
Aktif
150180
Aktif
150180
197241
220252
202250
249302
198243
212251
216257
234285
203242
224259
+
10
mg/ml
+
20
mg/ml
+
40
mg/ml
BLE
Jumlah
tikus per
kelompok
5
5
5
5
5
Keterangan : K(-) = Kontrol (-), K(+) = Kontrol (+), Pk1 =
Perlakuan 1, Pk2 = Perlakuan 2, Pk3 = Perlakuan 3, BB = berat badan
gr = Gram, KgBB = Kilogram berat badan, mg/ml = milligram per
milliliter, BLE = Bamboo Leave Extract Ekstrak etanolik daun
Bambu Jawa (Gigantochloa atter)
K(+)
K
(-)
0.01
0.21
0.5
K
(+)
Pk
1
1.23
0.03
1.21
0.03
0.41
0.10
0.37
0.08
3.49
3.49
1.14
1.15
1.13
0.35
Pk
2
1.21 0.35
0.07 0.04
3.49
0.84
0.33
Pk
3
1.19 0.19
0.09 0.27
0.5
3.49
0.57
0.68
1.5
b
c
d
e
Pk1
Pk2
f
f
Rerata Skor
Skor
panjang Panjang total
lesi
lesi mikrosko
(mm)
opis
Pk3
f