BAB II
PERHITUNGAN PEMBEBANAN
2.1
Pembebanan Kuda-Kuda
Tabel 2.1 Panjang Batang
Nomor Batang Panjang Batang (m)
2.12
A1
2.12
A2
2.12
A3
2.12
A4
2.12
A5
2.12
A6
1.83
H1
1.83
H2
1.83
H3
1.83
H4
1.83
H5
1.83
H6
Berat Plafond
Nomor
D1
D2
D3
D4
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
Panjang Batang
2.12
2.80
2.80
2.12
1.06
2.12
3.18
2.12
1.06
4.0
792
11.0
kg
18
Berat listplank
B.
Berat gording
C.
Berat Rangka
Rangka kuda-kuda yang digunakan adalah rangka baja.
Berat total rangka
=
355.1 kg
= (40 - 0.8 )
kg/m2
=
16
P
= 2 x Jarak kuda-kuda x (Panjang kaki kuda-kuda + tritisan) x berat air
=
16
2
x
4.0 x
7.5 x
= 961.28 kg
Beban yang dipikul 1 titik buhul = 961,28/7 = 137.3 kg
Dari perhitungan, didapatkan beban hidup terbesar berasal dari beban terpusat, beban seorang
pekerja yaitu P = 100 kg. Jadi untuk 7 titik buhul atas diambil beban pekerja 700 kg dan 5 titik
bawah diambil beban pekerja 500 kg.
2.1.3 Kombinasi Beban
Agar struktur dan komponen memenuhi syarat ketentuan layak dipakai terhadap berbagai
macam-macam kombinasi beban, maka harus memenuhi ketentuan :
Wu
= 1,2 WD + 1,6 WL
(SK-SNI-1991-03, hal 13)
= 1.2 (2292,8) + 1.6 (700+500)
= 4671.402 kg
Jadi masing-masing tumpuan menerima beban kuda-kuda sebesar :
= 1/2 Wu =
1/2 x 4671 =
2336 kg
2.2
Pembebanan Tangga
3.00
2.00
4.00
1.80
1.80
= 12 cm
= 200 cm
= 25 cm
= 30 cm
- S=
25 2 30 2
= 39.1 cm
- X=
3 ,3 2 2
= 3.61 cm
0.5 x 17 x 30
= 6.53 cm
39.05
Tebal rata-rata = 15 + 6.53 =
21.5
- y=
a.
22
cm
b.
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
1152
168
88
1408
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
b.
x 2400 =
=
120 kg/m
1805 kg/m
1925 kg/m
20
25
2.3
Balok Bordes
2.3.1 Berat Dinding Top Gevel
- Luas dinding
A = 2 (1/2 tinggi kuda-kuda x 1/2 bentang kuda-kuda)
= 2 x ( 1.59 x 5.5 )
2
= 17.5 m
- Berat dinding top gevel
Dari tabel 2.1 (PPI-1983 hal 11) diperoleh berat sendiri bahan bangunan untuk dinding
pasangan bata merah (setengah batu) adalah 250 kg/m2.
P = A.q
= 17.5 x 250 = 4373 kg
b.
= tinggi kuda-kuda
= 3.18 m
= 0.15 x 0.15 x
= 172 kg
c.
d.
=
=
3.18 x 2400
687 + 172
859 kg
e.
2.4
a.
b.
12 cm
100 cm
288
42
22
352
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
c.
1/2 Lx
- Bentuk segitiga
qeq = 1/3 Lx Wu
Lx
1/2 Lx
- Bentuk Trapesium
qeq =
Lx (3 Ly 2 Lx 2 )Wu
6 Ly 2
Ly
1/2 Lx
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
220
440
1100
440
340
- Type a
qeq = 1/3 Lx Wu
1/3 x
- Type b
qeq=
Lx ( 3 Ly 2 Lx 2 )Wu
6 Ly 2
2
2
= 3,5 (3 x 4 3,5 )902 , 4 = 1065 kg/m
6 x4 2
Tabel 2.1
Type
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
2.5
-
Lx (m) Ly (m)
4.4
3.4
3.4
4.4
4.0
4.0
2.2
4.0
2.2
2.2
3.4
2.2
qeq (kg/m)
1065
887
1134
1043
574
774
574
741
40
40
30
40
P2
q1
P4
P3
q2
q3
400
P5
P6
q4
P7
q5
P8
q6
400
A
440
A.
1
440
220
0.3 x 2400 =
=
=
=
130
476
605
0.61
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
t/m
B.
1
10
Bentang q4 = q5
Berat balok (20/40)
Berat dinding atas
Berat plat lantai b
= 0.2 x
= 0.15 x
= 887 x
Bentang q6
Berat balok (20/40)
Berat dinding atas
Berat plat lantai e
= 0.2 x
= 0.15 x
= 574
Beban P2
Berat 1/2 kuda-kuda = 2336
Berat ringbalk (18/30) = 0.18 x
Beban P3
Berat 1/2 kuda-kuda = 2336
Berat ringbalk (18/30) = 0.18 x
Beban P4
Berat 1/2 kuda-kuda = 2336
Berat ringbalk (18/30) = 0.18 x
Beban P5
Berat P1
Berat plat lantai b
Berat balok (20/40)
Berat kolom (40/40)
Berat dinding atas
= 2621
= 1/2 x
= 0.2 x
= 0.4 x
= 0.15 x
Beban P6
Berat P2
Berat plat lantai b
Berat balok (20/40)
= 2906
= 1/2 x
= 0.2 x
0.3 x 2.2 x
0.3 x 4.4 x
0.3 x 3.3 x
0.3 x 1.1 x
4.4
0.4
0.4
4
x
x
x
x
887
2.2 x
2.2 x
2.2 x
4.4 x 887
0.4 x 4.4 x
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
t/m
=
2400 =
=
=
2336
285
2621
2.62
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
t/m
=
2400 =
=
=
2336
570
2906
2.91
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
t/m
=
2400 =
=
=
2336
428
2763
2.76
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
t/m
=
2400 =
=
=
2336
143
2478
2.48
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
t/m
=
=
2400 =
2400 =
1700 =
=
=
2621
1951
422
845
2244
8083
8.08
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
t/m
=
=
2400 =
2906 kg/m
1951 kg/m
845 kg/m
11
= 0.4 x
= 0.15 x
Beban P7
Berat P3
Berat plat lantai b
Berat plat lantai e
Berat balok (20/40)
Berat kolom (40/40)
Berat dinding atas
= 2763
= 1/2 x
= 1/2 x
= 0.2 x
= 0.4 x
= 0.15 x
Beban P8
Berat P4
Berat plat lantai e
Berat balok (20/40)
Berat kolom (40/40)
Berat dinding atas
= 2478
= 1/2 x
= 0.2 x
= 0.4 x
= 0.15 x
0.4 x 4.4 x
4 x 4.4 x
4.4
3
0.4
0.4
4
3
0.4
0.4
4
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
887
574
3.3 x
3.3 x
3.3 x
574
1.1 x
1.1 x
1.1 x
=
=
2400 =
2400 =
1700 =
=
=
2478
861
211
422
1122
5095
5.09
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
kg/m
t/m
12
BAB III
ANALISA STRUKTUR
3.1
Momen Tangga
Tangga dianggap terletak di atas 2 tumpuan, yaitu jepit-jepit
W =
2381 kg/m
- 1 = arc tg (3,6/2,55) =
3.61 cm
54.7
Wu = W cos
= 2381 x 0.578
= 1376 kg/m
2
M = 1/8 Wu L
2
=
1/8 x 1376 x( 3.61 )
= 2237 kg/m
Momen tumpuan (Mtu)
2
Mtu = 1/12 Wu L
2
= 1/12 x 1376 x( 3.61 )
= 1491 kg/m
Momen lapangan (Mlap)
Mlap = M - Mtu
= 2237 - 1491
= 746 kg/m
b.
= 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 x
MLy
Mtx
= 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 x
= - 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 x
= - 0,001 . Wu . Lx2 x
= MLx
Mty
MTix
13
Ly
2,00
BORDES
Lx
Wu = 3610 kg/m
2
MLx = 0,001 . Wu . Lx x
= 0.001 x 3610 x
= 267.1 kg/m
2
Mtx = -0,001 . Wu . Lx x
= -0.001 x 3610 x
= -1148 kg/m
2
Mty = -0,001 . Wu . Lx x
Wu =
2.00
= 0.001 x 3610 x
= 685.8 kg/m
2
Mly = 0,001 . Wu . Lx x
= -0.001 x 3610
= -787 kg/m
Mtix = MLx
=
1/2 x 686
= 343 kg/m
4.00
2.00 x
2.00 x
2.00 x
2.00 x
= 18.5
= 79.5
79.5
x
= 47.5
18.5
x
47.5
x
= 54.5
54.5
1925 kg/m
14
1/14
1/10
0.18
1/16
440
x 2400 =
1/10
0.3
1/14 1/16
7
440
129.6 kg/m
129.6 kg/m
4
220
1/10 q L2
1/10 q L2
M4 =
M7 =
x 129.6 x 4.4
1/16
1/14
1/14 q L
= 250.9 kgm
3.3 = 141.1 kgm
2
1.1 = 9.8 kgm
1/14
Mdesign tumpuan
=
Mdesign lapangan
=
Bidang geser = 1/2 qL =
4.4
x 129.6 x
x 129.6 x
1/16 q L
x 129.6 x
= 1/10
= 1/16
1/16 q L
- Momen lapangan :
M5 = 1/14 q L2
M6 =
= 1/10
= 179.2 kgm
x 129.6 x 4.4 = 156.8 kgm
2
x 129.6 x 2.2 = 44.8 kgm
2
250.9 kgm
179.2 kgm
1/2 x 129.6 x 4.4 = 285.1 kg
3.3
1/14
1/10
1/16
440
440
1/10
3
1/14 1/16
7
4
220
1/10 q L2
1/16 q L2
- Momen lapangan :
M5 = 1/14 q L2
M6 =
M7 =
1/16 q L
1/16 q L2
= 1/10
= 1/16
x 1212 x 3.3
x 1212 x 1.1
x 1212 x 4.4
1/14
1/16
1/16
Mdesign tumpuan
=
Mdesign lapangan
=
Bidang geser = 1/2 qL =
2
2
= 1320 kgm
= 92 kgm
= 1676 kgm
x 1212 x 4.4 = 1467 kgm
2
x 1212 x 2.2 = 367 kgm
2
2346 kgm
1676 kgm
1/2 x 1212 x 4.4 = 2666 kg