Penerapan CPOB
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
PIC/S
Harmonisasi ASEAN
ICH
Paradigma QbD
1. PIC/S
4
2. Harmonisasi ASEAN
6
www.ich.org
Quality Guideline
Safety Guideline
Efficacy Guideline
Multidisiplinary
Guideline
Pedoman di Indonesia
11
http://jdih.pom.go.id/
CPOB
12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Manajemen mutu
Personalia
Bangunan & Fasilitas
Peralatan
Sanitasi & Higiene
Produksi
Pengawasan mutu
Inspeksi diri, audit mutu, dan audit dan persetujuan pemasok
Penanganan keluhan terhadap produk dan penarikan
Dokumentasi
Pembuatan dan analisis berdasarkan kontrak
Kualifikasi & Validasi
12.
13.
14.
Glosarium
CPOTB
15
CPKB
16
Perbandingan
17
No
CPOB 2012
CPOTB 2011
CPKB 2003
Manajemen Mutu
- (Manajemen Mutu)
Personalia
Personalia
(Ketentuan Umum )
Personalia
Peralatan
Dokumentasi
Peralatan
Produksi
Produksi
Pengawasan mutu
Pengawasan mutu
Produksi
Pengawasan mutu
Dokumentasi
10
Dokumentasi
Audit Internal
11
Inspeksi Diri
Penyimpanan
12
13
18
review
19
20
1. QMS
Glosarium
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PERSONALIA, HYGIENE
Personalia
33
Struktur organisasi
Uraian tugas dan kewenangan tertulis, termasuk
delegasi/perwakilan
Personil kunci
Kepala
bag produksi
Kepala bag pengawasan mutu
Kepala bag manajemen mutu (pemastian mutu)
Harus independen
Pelatihan
Hygiene personil
37
38
39
Prinsip
40
Area penimbangan
41
Aliran udara
Area penyimpanan
43
Kapasitas memadai
Rapi dan teratur, pemisahan/penandaan antar bahan jelas
Kondisi penyimpanan sesuai stabilitas bahan
Area terpisah dgn lingkungan terkendali untuk sampling
bahan awal
Area terpisah dan terkunci untuk :
- bahan aktif potensi tinggi, radioaktif
- narkotik, psikotropik, obat berbahaya/resiko tinggi
disalahgunakan
- bahan mudah terbakar/meledak
- bahan pengemas cetakan/bahan label
- bahan/produk ditolak, produk kembalian
44
46
Area produksi
47
Kelas kebersihan
48
50
51
52
53
57
SARANA PENUNJANG
58
HVAC
Introduction and Scope
HVAC
The guideline further focuses on three concepts
of the system:
Product protection
Personnel protection
Contamination
Cross-contamination
Environmental conditions
Prevent contact
Comfort conditions
Environment protection
HVAC
Factors contributing to quality
Validated processes
products
Personnel
Procedures
Starting materials
Equipment
Packing materials
Premises
Environment
HVAC
The manufacturing environment is critical for product quality.
Factors to be considered include:
2.
Light
Temperature
3.
Relative humidity
4.
Air movement
5.
Microbial contamination
6.
Particulate contamination
1.
HVAC
What is contamination?
It is "the undesired introduction of impurities (chemical/ microbial/
foreign matter into or on to starting material or intermediate during
sampling, production, packaging or repackaging".
HVAC
What is Cross-contamination?
"Contamination of a starting material, intermediate product, or
finished product with another starting material or product during
production".
Cross-contamination can result from, e.g.
1. Poorly designed, operated or maintained air-handling systems and
dust extraction systems
2. Inadequate procedures for, and movement of personnel, materials
and equipment
3. Insufficiently cleaned equipment
HVAC
Cross-Contamination
Contaminant
from
Environment
Operators
Contamination
Contaminant
from
Equipment
Product
from
Environment
Operators
Cross
Contamination
Product
from
Equipment
HVAC
Cross-contamination can be minimized by, e.g.
1.
Personnel procedures
2.
Adequate premises
3.
4.
5.
6.
HVAC
The classification should be
achieved in the state as
specified (1):
"As built"
HVAC
The classification should be
achieved in the state as
specified (2):
"At rest"
HVAC
The classification should be
achieved in the state as
specified (3):
"In operation"
HVAC
Definition of Conditions
as built
at rest
in operation
air
air
air
HVAC
Level of protection and air cleanliness
determined according to:
Product to be manufactured
Process to be used
HVAC
Parameters influencing Levels of Protection
HVAC
Air Handling
System
Supply
Air
Production Room
With
Defined
Requirements
Outlet
Air
HVAC
Tools to help achieve the desired Level of Protection
HVAC
Cleanroom Class
defined by
Critical Parameters
Air Handling
System
Additional Measures
HVAC
Examples of Levels of Protection
Types of Clean room classes
A, B, C, D
US FDA:
ISPE:
Level 1, 2 or 3
ISO:
Class 5, 6, 7 or 8
HVAC
Air Filtration
HVAC
Contamination should be prevented through
appropriate:
Personnel operations
Airflow direction
HVAC
Airflow patterns
Filtered air entering a production room or covering a
process can be
turbulent, or
unidirectional (laminar)
GMP aspect
economical aspect
HVAC
Airflow patterns
Turbulent
Unidirectional/laminar
HVAC
Infiltration
HVAC
Pressure differential concept
HVAC
Pressure cascade solids
Protection from cross-contamination
Room 1
Room 2
15 Pa
Room 3
15 Pa
Air Lock
15 Pa
Air Lock
Air
Lock
30 Pa
E
Passage
15 Pa
0 Pa
86
HVAC
Temperature and relative humidity (RH)
HVAC
Dust Control
HVAC
Protection of the environment (Exhaust air dust)
Part 2:
HVAC systems and components
HVAC
General
fans,
driers,
filters,
ducts, grilles, etc.
Production Room
HVAC
Overview components
Exhaust Air Grille
Silencer
Weather louvre
Fan
Control damper
Filter
Heater
+
Humidifier
Prefilter
Cooling coil
with droplet
separator
Heating
coil
Secondary Filter
Recirculated air
Terminal filter
Production Room
HVAC
Components (1)
Weather louvre
Silencer
Control damper
HVAC
Components (2)
Heating unit
Cooling unit/
dehumidifier
Humidifier
Filters
Ducts
HVAC
Air-handling unit
Adsorber wheel
Regeneration air
De-humidification
Dry air
AHU with fan Variable
Speed Controller
Filter Pressure
Gauges
HVAC
Humidifier
Silencer
Heating and
cooling units
HVAC
Filter classes
Dust filters
Standard
Aerosol
Coarse
Fine
Dp > 10 m
10 m > Dp > 1 m
G1 - G4
F5 - F9
EN 779 Standard
HEPA
ULPA
Dp < 1 m
H 11 - 13
U 14- 17
EN 1822 Standard
HVAC
HEPA or tertiary filter
Secondary filter
HVAC
F9
Average Efficiency
Integral Value
Retention in Penetration
%
85
0.15
H11
95
0.05
H12
99.5
5x10
H13
99.95
5x10
U14
99.995
5x10
Peak Arrestance
Local Value
Efficiency
Penetration
-3
97.5
25x10
-3
-4
99.75
25x10
-5
99.975
25x10
-4
-5
HVAC
Positioning of filters (1)
Production Room
HEPA Filter
Production Room
HVAC
Positioning of filters (2)
Prefilter
AHU
Main filter
Ceiling
exhausts
HVAC
Positioning of filters (3)
Final filter
AHU
Prefilter
HVAC
1
2
1
2
3
4
Filter
Tightening frame
Register outlet
Screw fixation for register
HVAC
High induction
office type diffusor
(avoid)
Low induction
swirl diffusor
(preferred)
HVAC
Regulation of room pressure pressure differentials concept
Room pressure
gauges
Room pressure indication panel
HVAC
Problems with components
Humidifier
Cooling battery
Filters
Ducts
Blocked
Poorly adjusted, bad pressure differential
system
Bad water/steam quality/
poor drainage
No elimination of condensed water/ poor
drainage
Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly
installed
Inappropriate material/internal insulator
leaking
HVAC
In the next slides
Consider different air types, e.g.:
Supply air
Exhaust air
Recirculation systems
HVAC
Air types
Fresh air
(make-up air)
Supply
air
Production Room
Return air
(recirculated)
Exhaust air
HVAC
Recirculation systems
HVAC
Ventilation with recirculated air + make-up air
Exhaust Unit
Return air
HVAC
Full fresh-air systems
100% fresh air - normally where toxic products are processed, and
recirculation not recommended
No contamination from fresh air sufficient filtration needed
Degree of filtration on exhaust dependent on exhaust air
contaminants and environment regulations
Energy-recovery wheels
HVAC
Ventilation with 100% fresh air (no air recirculation)
Washer (optional)
Exhaust Unit
Biofilm formation
1.
2.
Production
Storage and distribution
Spesifikasi
129
Preparation of injectable
products
Final rinse of equipment after
cleaning
Final rinse of equipment and
components that come into
contact with injectable products
?
HPW
?
Potable water
?
?
Pre-treatment steps
Coagulation or flocculation
Desalination
Softening
Filtration
Disinfection
Distillation or ultrafiltration
136
137
138
High pressure
under
pressure
raw water
Purified water
Permeate
water
Reject
water
drain or recycle
Semi-permeable
membrane
Feed
water
Spray ball
Optional
in-line filter
0,2 m
Water must
be kept
circulating
UV light
Outlets
Heat Exchanger
Ozone Generator
Hygienic pump
Air break
to drain
D
Flow direction arrows
on pipes are important
Dead leg section
>1.5D
Sanitary Valve
Water scours dead leg
Reliable
Monitoring temperature during cycle
6.5.3
Penanganan Limbah
146
Limbah cair
- IPAL
- Perlakuan khusus untuk limbah produksi betalaktam dan sitotoksik.
Limbah padat
- Limbah B3 (Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun) dalam bentuk padat
diolah menggunakan incenerator.
Limbah udara
- debu produksi dikumpulkan dalam dust collector.
Limbah suara
- berasal dr mesin produksi, mesin AHU, boiler, genset
- tolok ukur : angka kebisingan (maks. 65 dB), getaran (maks. 7,5 Hz)
151
Peralatan
152
153
154
PRODUKSI
Prinsip
155
Tujuan :
menghasilkan produk yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu serta memenuhi
ketentuan izin pembuatan dan izin edar.
Untuk mencegah :
- pencemaran silang (cross contamination)
- ketercampurbauran (mix-up)
Alur produksi
156
157
Pencemaran silang
158
Pengemasan
164
Pencegahan ketercampurbauran
dilakukan line clearance sblm proses
Sesuai prosedur pengemasan.
In process control
165
Penyimpanan
168
Dokumentasi
169
CPOB 2012
Sertifikat CPOB
Kontrak tertulis tanggung jawab dan kewajiban
masing-masing pihak
Produk dan analisa sesuai ijin edar
Prosedur pelulusan bets jelas oleh kepala bag
QA (pemberi kontrak)
Latar belakang
Pemberi kontrak
Penerima kontrak
Isi kontrak
Jenis kerjasama
178
PENGAWASAN MUTU
Materi
179
Peranan QC
Personil
GLP
Dokumentasi
Sampling
Pengujian
Stabilitas on-going
180
Aspek QMS
181
Personil
182
Personil
Bangunan dan fasilitas
Peralatan
Pereaksi dan media perbenihan
- prosedur pembuatan jelas dan tertulis
- label : konsentrasi, faktor standardisasi, masa simpan,
tgl standardisasi ulang, kondisi penyimpanan
- tanggal dan ttd petugas pembuat
- kontrol positif, kontrol negatif
184
Baku pembanding
- personil penanggungjawab
- sesuai dgn peruntukannya
- working standard terkoreksi
- penyimpanan dan penanganan, mutu terjaga
- label : kadar, MD, ED, tanggal pertama kali tutup wadah
dibuka, kondisi penyimpanan
Dokumentasi
185
Review berkala
Dokumen terkait catatan bets disimpan sampai 1 tahun
stlh ED.
Sampling
186
187
Pengujian
188
- nama bahan/produk
- no.bets, pembuat/pemasok
- rujukan spesifikasi dan prosedur pengujian
- hasil pengujian
- tanggal pengujian
- paraf analis
- paraf orang yg melakukan verifikasi pengujian/hasil
- pernyataan pelulusan/penolakan, tanggal dan ttd
penanggungjawab
189
191
192
193
Inspeksi diri
194
Audit mutu
195
Audit pemasok
196
197
Penanganan keluhan
198
199
Evaluasi terkait :
- pengkajian seluruh informasi laporan/keluhan
- pengujian sampel yg dikeluhkan/diterima, bila perlu
sampel pertinggal bets yg sama
- pengkajian semua data dan dokumentasi
(catatan bets, pengujian, dan distribusi)
Tindak lanjut :
- tindakan perbaikan (perubahan formula, proses
pembuatan, bahan pengemas, kondisi penyimpanan)
- penarikan kembali
- tindakan lain yg tepat.
200
Penarikan kembali
201
202
203
VALIDASI
Definition of Validation
204
I. Process design
Defined
manufacturing
process (CPP,
CQA,CMA)
Define a strategy of
process control
Develop process
knowledge and
understanding
Developme
nt
a validation policy
organizational structure of validation activities
summary of facilities, systems, equipment and
processes validated (and to be validated)
documentation format (e.g. protocol and report)
planning and scheduling
change control and references to existing documents
Type of validation
210
PROCESS VALIDATION
Validation of manufacturing process of pharmaceutical products
CLEANING VALIDATION
Validation of equipment cleaning procedure
COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM VALIDATION
Validation of computerized system of equipment/instrument
PROCESS Validation
Introduction
Concurrent Validation
Validation is conducted during first use of system and during the routine
process
No longer encouraged
Retrospective Validation
Approaches to validation
Validation Strategy
Stability protocol
216
Components of validation ;
Risk assessment
PPQ/validation protocol
PPQ/validation report.
FMEA
Criticallity
and risk
Change control
223
KUALIFIKASI PERALATAN
General Principles
224
Qualification Phase
User Requirement
Document regarding baseline requirements of the
equipment/instrument/systems, e.g. the relevance of GxP, desired function,
operating environment.
Functional Requirement
Document regarding more detailed technical specification that derives from
URS, e.g. modes of operation.
Design Requirement
Document regarding detail design of the facilities, equipment, or systems, e.g.
dimension of equipment, construction materials.
Qualification Phase
Installation Qualification
Documented verification that the equipment and systems comply with the
approved design and are correctly installed.
IQ should include, but not be limited to the following:
Technical documentation;
Acceptance criteria
Qualification Phase
Operational Qualification
Documented verification that the equipment and systems perform as defined in
the design specification/user requirements.
OQ should include, but not be limited to the following:
Tests that have been developed from knowledge of processes, systems and
equipment;
Tests should include a condition or a set of conditions encompassing upper
and lower operating limits, sometimes referred to as worst case conditions
and alarm points;
Acceptance criteria
The completion of a successful Operational Qualification should allow the
finalization of calibration, operating and cleaning procedures, operator
training and preventative maintenance requirements.
Qualification Phase
Equipment
Essential
Recommended
Mixer/Dissolving Machine
Speed of revolution
Granulator
Speed of revolution
Operating procedure;
Safety device; Switch
operation; Operation
time
Same as above
Dryer
Temperature
Same as above
Oscillator
Speed
Same as above
Tablet Compression
Pressure
Same as above
Coating machine
Speed of revolution;
Temperature; Air
volume; Pressure
Same as above
Qualification Phase
Performance Qualification
Documented verification that the equipment and ancillary systems, as
connected together, can perform effectively and reproducibly based on the
approved process/method and specifications.
PQ should include, but not be limited to the following:
Tests, using production materials, qualified substitutes or simulated product,
that have been developed from knowledge of the process and the facilities,
systems or equipment;
Tests should include a condition or set of conditions representative for the
process. If appropriate the PQ testing should include a verification of upper
and lower operating limits,
Although PQ is described as a separate activity, it may in some cases be
appropriate to perform PQ in conjunction with OQ or with process validation.
Qualification Phase
Equipment
Mixer/Dissolving Machine
Granulator
Dryer
Oscillator
Tablet Compression
Coating machine
Essential
Speed of revolution
Speed of revolution;
Weight/Volume
Temperature;
Weight/Volume
Speed
Pressure; Weight/Volume;
Pressure
Speed of revolution;
Temperature; Air volume;
Pressure; spray volume
Recommended
Operating procedure;
Safety device; Switch
operation; Operation time
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
Same as above
Qualification Phase
Test Item
Equipment
Mixer/ Dissolving
Machine
Granulator
Dryer
Oscillator
Essential
Uniformity of content
Uniformity of content;
Dissolution
-
Tablet Compression
Uniformity of content;
Dissolution
Coating machine
Dissolution
Test Item
Appearance; Angle of repose;
pH; Moisture (LOD); Particle size
distribution
Appearance; Moisture (LOD);
Particle size distribution
Appearance; Moisture (LOD
Appearance; Moisture (LOD);
Particle size distribution
Appearance; Air tightness;
Friability; Moisture (LOD);
Hardness; Weight variation;
Disintegration; Thickness
Appearance; Moisture (LOD);
Hardness; Weight variation;
Disintegration; Thickness
233
Retirement
System Changes
and Improvements
Operational Use
Verification (Qualification)
Phase
UJI BIOEKIVALENSI
Sejarah
Data administratif
Summary Product Characteristics
(SPC)
Expert report
Komposisi produk obat
Deskripsi proses pembuatan (sesuai
cGMP)
Spesifikasi starting material
Spesifikasi produk jadi
Stability test (API dan produk jadi)
Profil disolusi
Dokumentasi uji pre-klinik dan klinik
Produk generik/copy
Data administratif
Summary Product Characteristics
(SPC)
Expert report
Komposisi produk obat
Deskripsi proses pembuatan (sesuai
cGMP)
Spesifikasi starting material
Spesifikasi produk jadi
Stability test (API dan produk jadi)
Profil disolusi terbanding
Hasil uji BE
Definisi
Bioavailabilitas?
Persentase dan kecepatan zat aktif dalam suatu
produk obat yang mencapai/tersedia dalam sirkulasi
sistemik dalam bentuk utuh/aktif setelah pemberian
produk obat tersebut, diukur dari kadarnya dalam
darah terhadap waktu atau dari ekskresinya dalam
urin
Bioavailabilitas absolut dan relatif?
Absolut : bila dibandingkan dengan sediaan
intravena yang bioavailabilitasnya 100 %
Relatif : Bila dibandingkan dengan sediaan bukan
intravena
Ekivalensi farmaseutik?
Dua produk obat mempunyai ekivalensi farmaseutik
jika keduanya mengandung zat aktif yang sama dalam
jumlah yang sama dan bentuk sediaan yang sama.
Alternatif farmaseutik?
Dua produk obat merupakan alternatif farmaseutik jika
keduanya mengandung zat aktif yang sama tetapi
berbeda dalam bentuk kimia (garam, ester, dsb) atau
bentuk sediaan atau kekuatan.
Bioekivalensi?
Dua produk obat disebut bioekivalen jika keduanya mempunyai
ekivalensi farmaseutik atau merupakan alternatif farmaseutik dan
pada pemberian dengan dosis molar yang sama akan menghasilkan
bioavailabilitas yang sebanding sehingga efeknya akan sama, dalam
hal efikasi maupun keamanan.
Bioinekivalen : bioavailabilitasnya tidak memenuhi kriteria bioekivalen
Ekivalensi terapeutik?
Dua produk obat mempunyai ekivalensi terapeutik jika keduanya
mempunyai ekivalensi farmaseutik atau merupakan alternatif
farmaseutik dan pada pemberian dengan dosis molar yang sama akan
menghasilkan efikasi klinik dan keamanan yang sebanding.
Ekivalensi/inekivalensi terapeutik seharusnya ditunjukkan dengan uji
klinik.
Obat pembanding/komparator/reference?
Produk obat inovator
Market leader
Obat copy?
Produk obat yang mempunyai ekivalensi farmaseutik
atau merupakan alternative farmaseutik dengan
produk obat inovator/pembandingnya
Dapat dipasarkan dengan nama generik atau dengan
nama dagang.
lepas cepat
Kapsul berisi butir-butir lepas lambat
Tablet lepas lambat
BCS
Kelas 1
Kelas 2
S rendah, P tinggi
Kelas 3
S tinggi, P rendah
Kelas 4
S rendah, P rendah
Batasan S dan P
Karakteristik disolusi
Kesulitan UDT
Produk uji
dibuat sesuai CPOB, identik dengan market batch,
pilot batch 100.000 atau 10% batch produksi (yg
lbh besar)
Uji disolusi in vitro (sebelum uji BE)
Bentuk sampel : darah atau urin
Sampling : sesuai kecepatan eliminasi obat
Metode analisis valid
Parameter bioavailabilitas (Cmax, Tmax, AUC, dll)
Analisis statistik
Kriteria bioekivalen
Permasalahan uji BE
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Obat diabetes
Anti trombotik
Obat kardiovaskuler
Anti hipertensi
Obat penurun kadar lipid
Kontrasepsi hormonal sistemik
Obat saluran kemih
Anti infeksi
Obat osteoporosis
Obat sistem saraf pusat
Obat dengan bentuk sediaan lepas termodifikasi (modified
release)
REGISTRASI OBAT
Definisi
Jenis registrasi
Registrasi baru
Registrasi ulang
Kat 7
Registrasi variasi
Tahapan :
1. Tahap pra-registrasi
2. Tahap registrasi
Dokumen :
Sesuai format ACTD (ASEAN Common Technical Dossier)
- Bag I : Dokumen Administratif, Informasi Produk, dan
Penandaan
- Bag II : Dokumen Mutu
- Bag III : Dokumen Non-klinik
- Bag IV : Dokumen Klinik
Lampiran III
Pra-registrasi
Tujuan :
Penapisan reg obat, Penentuan kategori reg, jalur
evaluasi, biaya evaluasi, dan dokumen reg
Untuk reg baru dan reg variasi major (kat 4)
Dokumen : Lamp XII
Timeline : 40 hari sejak permohonan diterima
Hasil : HPR (Hasil Pra-Registrasi)
Masa berlaku HPR : 1 tahun sejak tgl dikeluarkan
Bersifat final dan mengikat
Registrasi
Evaluasi kembali
275