DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ..........................................................................................ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN...................................................................................iii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN .....................................................................................iv
KATA PENGANTAR .........................................................................................v
ABSTRAK ..........................................................................................................vii
ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR ISI..........................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR .........................................................................................xi
DAFTAR TABEL ..............................................................................................xii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN xiii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN.....................................................................................1
1.1
Latar Belakang Masalah................................................................1
1.2
Rumusan Masalah.........................................................................2
1.3
Tujuan Penelitian...........................................................................3
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum....................................................................3
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus...................................................................3
1.4
Manfaat Penelitian.........................................................................3
1.4.1 Manfaat Klinis...................................................................3
1.4.2 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat .................................................3
1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Peneliti........................................................3
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...........................................................................4
2.1 Anatomi mata ................................................................................4
2.1.1 Bola Mata..........................................................................4
2.1.2 Sistem Lakrimalis..............................................................6
2.1.3 Kelopak Mata ...................................................................7
2.1.4 Lensa Mata ......................................................................8
2.1.5 Sudut Bilik Mata Depan....................................................9
2.1.6 Kornea...............................................................................9
2.1.7 Badan Kaca........................................................................10
2.2
Fisiologi Penglihatan Normal........................................................10
2.2.1 Pembentukan Bayangan di retina........................................11
2.3
Miopia...........................................................................................14
2.3.1 Definisi Miopia..................................................................14
2.3.2 Etiologi Miopia..................................................................15
2.3.3 Klasifikasi Miopia.............................................................16
2.3.4 Patofisiologi Miopia..........................................................19
2.3.5 Gejala Klinis Miopia..........................................................21
2.3.6 Penatalaksanaan Miopia....................................................23
2.4
Aqueous humor.............................................................................27
2.4.1 Fisiologi.............................................................................27
2.4.2 Komposisi Aqueous humor................................................28
2.4.3 Pembentukan Aqueous humor...........................................29
2.4.4 Mekanisme Aliran Aqueous humor...................................32
2.5
TIO ............................................................................................33
2.5.1 Pemeriksaan TIO .............................................................35
2.6
Hubungan Tekanan Intraokular dengan Miopia...........................39
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL.................................................................42
ix

3.1
Kerangka Konseptual....................................................................42
3.2
Hipotesis.......................................................................................43
BAB 4 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN................................................................44
4.1
Jenis penelitian..............................................................................44
4.2
Tempat dan Waktu penelitian........................................................44
4.3
Populasi dan Sampel.....................................................................44
4.3.1 Populasi ...........................................................................44
4.3.2 Sampel..............................................................................44
4.4
Teknik pengambilan sampel..........................................................44
4.5
Karakteristik sampel penelitian.....................................................44
4.5.1 Kriteria Inklusi ...............................................................44
4.5.2 Kriteria Eksklusi .............................................................45
4.6
Variabel Penelitian.........................................................................45
4.6.1 Variabel Bebas ...............................................................45
4.6.2 Variabel Tergantung ........................................................45
4.7
Definisi Oprasional........................................................................45
4.8
Alat dan Bahan..............................................................................46
4.9
Prosedur Penelitian........................................................................47
4.10 Analisa Data...................................................................................47
4.11 Alur Penelitian...............................................................................48
BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN...............................................................................49
5.1
Deskripsi Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian....................................49
5.1.1 Distribusi Usia Pasien Miopia berdasarkan TIO..................49
5.1.2 Distribusi jenis kelamin pasien Miopia berdasarkan TIO.....52
5.1.3 Presentase Jumlah Derajat Miopia........................................55
5.1.4 Persentase Jumlah TIO ........................................................56
5.1.5 Tabulasi Silang Derajat Miopia dengan TIO 56
5.2
Hasil Analisis Data Penelitian.......................................................58
5.2.1 Hasil Uji korelasi Spearman antara derajat miopia
dengan peningkatan TIO.......................................................58
5.2.2 Hasil uji Paired Samples T-Test............................................59
BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN.......................................................................................60
BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.................................................................65
7.1
Kesimpulan....................................................................................65
7.2
Saran..............................................................................................66
DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................67
LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR GAMBAR
x

Gambar 2.1
Gambar 2.2
Gambar 2.3
Gambar 2.4
Gambar 2.5
Gambar 2.6
Gambar 2.7
Gambar 2.8
Gambar 2.9
Gambar 2.10
Gambar 2.11
Gambar 2.12
Gambar 2.13
Gambar 2.14
Gambar 2.15
Gambar 5.1
Gambar 5.2
Gambar 5.3
Gambar 5.4

Anatomi bola mata...........................................................................4

Pembuluh darah pada retina dilihat dengan Oftalmoskop...............6
Sistem sekresi air mata dan Kelenjar Lakrimal...............................7
Potongan Sagital Palpebra superior dan inferior.............................8
Potongan melintang kornea.............................................................10
Mata sebagai sebuah kamera dan indeks bias mata........................12
Berkas cahaya di fokuskan di depan retina pada miopia................15
Koreksi Miopia dengan lensa konkaf.............................................23
Fisiologi Aliran Aqueous humor.....................................................28
Mekanisme Pembentukan Aqueous humor pada korpus siliaris ....31
Aliran aqueous humor melalui trabecular meshwork.....................33
Pemeriksaan tekananan menggunakan metode palpasi..................35
Pemerikasaan tonometri aplanasi Goldmann..................................36
Pemeriksaan tonometri Schiotz yang diletakkan pada kornea ......37
Pemeriksaan tekanan intraokular menggunakan tonometri
non-kontak .....................................................................................39
Grafik persentase Derajat Miopia pada Pasien Miopia..................55
Grafik persentase TIO pada pasien Miopia ...................................56
Grafik Tabulasi Silang Derajat Miopia dengan TIO
pada mata kanan.............................................................................57
Grafik Tabulasi Silang Derajat Miopia dengan TIO
pada mata kiri.................................................................................58

DAFTAR TABEL
xi

Tabel 2.1
Tabel 5.1
Tabel 5.2
Table 5.3
Tabel 5.4
Tabel 5.5
Tabel 5.6
Tabel 5.7
Tabel 5.8
Tabel 5.9
Tabel 5.10
Tabel 5.11
Tabel 5.12
Tabel 5.13
Tabel 5.14
Tabel 5.15

Skala tonometri Schiotz dan nilai tekanan bola mata

masing-masing beban dalam satuan (mmHg)...............................38
Jumlah Pasien berdasarkan Usia pada mata kanan .......................50
Jumlah distribusi usia pasien berdasarkan TIO mata Kanan.........50
Jumlah Pasien berdasarkan Usia pada mata kiri............................51
Jumlah distribusi usia pasien berdasarkan TIO mata kiri ..............51
Jumlah Pasien berdasarkan Jenis kelamin mata kanan..................53
Distribusi jenis kelamin pasien miopia berdasarkan TIO
mata kanan.....................................................................................53
Jumlah Pasien berdasarkan Jenis kelamin mata kiri .....................54
Distribusi jenis kelamin pasien miopia berdasarkan TIO
Mata Kiri .......................................................................................54
Jumlah Derajat Miopia Sampel Penelitian.....................................55
Jumlah TIO pada pasien Miopia....................................................56
Tabulasi silang derajat Miopia dengan TIO mata Kanan...............57
Tabulasi silang derajat Miopia dengan TIO mata Kiri...................58
Uji Korelsi Spearman Derajat Miopia dengan TIO.......................59
Uji Paired Sample T-Test ............................................................59
Tabel Paired Samples T-Test Correlation......................................60

xii