Abstract
The most important limitation in process design for agricultural products is the lack
of information on their thermal properties. Although a lot of experimental data can
be found, the variety of products and the differences in measurement method make
limitation on the value of the available data, especially for Indonesias products.
These data are needed to get information about temperature change when a
product was processed by heating or cooling. The data are important for optimizing
the efficiency of energy used in the process. The objective of this study is to
determine thermal diffusivity and conductivity of mahkota dewa or crown of god
(Phaleria macrocarpha). The values were determined numerically with indirect
methods. The result shows that thermal conductivity of mahkota dewa is 0.1359
o
-8
2
W/m C, while its thermal diffusivity is 4.11x10 m /s.
Kata kunci : sifat panas, mahkota dewa, panas jenis, konduktivitas, difusivitas
panas
1.
PENDAHULUAN
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Penentuan Sifat Termofisik Mahkota...............(Lamhot P. Manulu, Wahyu Purwanto)
177
Diterima 1 November 2011; terima dalam revisi terakhir 6 Desember 2011; layak cetak 15 Desember 2011
(4)
( ) + ( )
(5)
( )
( ) ( )
(6)
( )
dimana :
Hc = kapasitas panas kalorimeter, kJ/oC
Wh = massa air panas, kg
Wc = massa air dingin, kg
o
Ta = suhu awal air panas, C
o
Te = suhu keseimbangan, C
To = suhu awal air dingin, oC
o
Ch = panas jenis bahan, kJ/kg C
Ws = massa bahan, kg
Cc = panas jenis kalorimeter, kJ/kg oC
(2)
2.2. Penentuan Konduktivitas Panas
(3)
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178
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia Vol. 13, No. 3, Desember 2011 Hlm.177-181
Diterima 1 November 2011; terima dalam revisi terakhir 6 Desember 2011; layak cetak 15 Desember 2011
k = 0.148 + 0.00493 M
(7)
T/t = T
2
(8)
1
= +
(9)
Persamaan (9) di atas didiskritisasi memakai
metode numerik beda hingga sehingga diperoleh :
Berdasarkan
data
pengukuran
dan
hasil
perhitungan didapatkan massa jenis () mahkota
dewa adalah 1080 kg/m3. Dari hasil ini terlihat
bahwa massa jenis buah mahkota dewa
cenderung lebih besar daripada air.
Grafik perubahan suhu untuk menentukan suhu
keseimbangan hasil campuran antara produk, air
dan kalorimeter untuk mahkota dewa dapat dilihat
pada Gambar 1 dan 2.
Grafik perubahan suhu mahkota dewa (1)
18
16
suhu (C)
#
#
+
"#$% "# = & '("$%
2"# + "*%
1 #
#
+ ("$% "*% +- (10)
,
=
(12)
2 3
400
600
waktu (detik)
800
1000
suhu (C)
/ 0.5 (11)
()
200
14
12
10
8
6
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
0
200
400
600
waktu (detik)
800
1000
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Penentuan Sifat Termofisik Mahkota...............(Lamhot P. Manulu, Wahyu Purwanto)
179
Diterima 1 November 2011; terima dalam revisi terakhir 6 Desember 2011; layak cetak 15 Desember 2011
MD-1
Te
C
16.2
Tw
C
10.4
Mw
g
101.1
Cpw
J/gC
4.2
Mp
g
50.1
Tp
C
34.7
Cpp
J/gC
3.393
o
Cp Mahkota dewa (kJ/kg C)
MD-2
16
11.1
100.5
4.193
50.2
35.3
2.726
3.060
Satuan
o
kJ/kg C
o
W/m C
kg/m3
m2/detik
Nilai
3.060
0.1359
1080
4.11E-08
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
T awal
T akhir
T rata
dT
k
Satuan
C
C
C
C
W/m C
TL-1
28
36
32
12
0.1534
TL-2
29
38
32
12
0.1183
0.1359
4. KESIMPULAN
Dalimartha S.
1999.
Atlas Tumbuhan Obat
Indonesia. PT. Niaga Swadaya, Jakarta.
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Miyazaki, H. Kato, H. Kuwano. 2007.
Anticancer effects of gallic acid isolated from
Indonesian
herbal
medicine,
Phaleria
macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl, on human cancer
cell lines. International Journal of Oncology 30:
605613.
Heldman, D.R. and R.P. Singh. 1981. Food
Process Engineering. The AVI Pub. Co. Inc.,
Westport, Connecticut.
Jangam S.V. and A.S. Mujumdar. 2010. Basic
concepts and definitions. Di dalam: Jangam SV,
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180
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia Vol. 13, No. 3, Desember 2011 Hlm.177-181
Diterima 1 November 2011; terima dalam revisi terakhir 6 Desember 2011; layak cetak 15 Desember 2011
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Penentuan Sifat Termofisik Mahkota...............(Lamhot P. Manulu, Wahyu Purwanto)
181
Diterima 1 November 2011; terima dalam revisi terakhir 6 Desember 2011; layak cetak 15 Desember 2011