ABSTRAKSI

Tujuan percobaan distilasi adalah untuk menetapkan karakteristik suatu bahan bakar
atau produk minyak bumi yang berhubungan dengan volatilitasnya yang meliputi initial boiling
point, percent recovery, dry point, percent recovered, end point, percent total recovery, percent
evaporated, percent residu, dan persent loss dari bahan bakar Pertamax Plus.
Prosedur Percobaan dari praktikum distilasi ini meliputi: Tahap Persiapan, yaitu
menyiapkan labu, penyangga labu, termometer, tabung berskala dan kondensor yang
diperlukan untuk menguji sampel. Mengukur 100 ml contoh dengan gelas ukur dan
memindahkan ke dalam labu distilasi dengan hati-hati. Menempatkan thermometer pada leher
labu dengan menggunakan sumbat gabus. Menempatkan labu yang berisi sampel Pertamax
Plus pada penyangganya dengan pertolongan sumbat gabus, hubungkanlah pipa uap dengan
tabung kondensor. Aturlah labu sehingga posisinya tegak dan pipa uap masuk ke dalam tabung
kondensor kira-kira sejauh 1 sampai 2 in. (25 sampai 50 mm). Menempatkan gelas ukur yang
telah digunakan untuk mengukur sampel Pertamax Plus tanpa dikeringkan dibawah ujung
tabung kondensor sehinggga ujung tabung kondensor masuk dalam gelas ukur sekurangkurangnya 1 in. (25 mm), tetapi tidak boleh dibawah tanda 100 ml. tutup gelas ukur dengan
secarik kertas yang telah dilubangi sesuai dengan ukuran tabung kondensor. Setelah itu tahap
Percobaan, yaitu menyalakan kompor elektrik dan memanaskannya sampai mendidih.
Perhatikan sampai tetes kondesat pertama yang dicatat sebagai boiling point. Selanjutnya
mencatat volume destilat tiap interval temperatur 700C, 1100C, dan 1800C. Diteruskan sampai
didapat tetes kondensat terakhir yang dicatat sebagai Final Boiling Point.
Dari percobaan yang telah kami lakukan, maka didapatkan kesimpulan untuk bahan
bakar pertamax plus nilai nilai IBP (Initial Boiling Point) sebesar 50oC dan 46 oC, nilai FBP
(Final Boiling Point) sebesar 198 oC dan 202 oC, Percent Recovery yang didapat yaitu sebesar
89 % dan 93%, Percent Loss yang didapat yaitu 5% dan 3%, dan Percent Residu yang didapat
yaitu 6 % dan 4%.

DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAKSI
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
i
DAFTAR
ISI
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
ii
DAFTAR
TABEL
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR
GAMBAR
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
iv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
I.1
Latar
Belakang
I-1
I.2
Rumusan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
I-2
I.3
Tujuan
Percobaan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
I-2
I.4
Manfaat
Percobaan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
I-2
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
II.1
Dasar
Teori
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
II-1
II.2
Bahan
Bakar
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
II-6
II.3
Metode
dan
Peralatan
Uji
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
II-12

ii

II.4
Aplikasi
Industri
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
II-15
BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN
III.1
Variabel
Percobaan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
III-1
III.2
Bahan
yang
Digunakan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
III-1
III.3
Peralatan
Uji
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
III-1
III.4
Skema
Percobaan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
III-2
III.5
Prosedur
Percobaan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
III-4
BAB IV HASIL PERCOBAAN PEMBAHASAN
IV.1
Hasil
Percobaan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
IV-1
IV.2
Pembahasan
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
IV-4
BAB
V
KESIMPULAN
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
V-1
DAFTAR
NOTASI
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
vi
APPENDIX
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
viI
iii

LAMPIRAN:
a.
Fotocopi Jurnal
b.
Laporan Sementara
c.
Literatur
d.
Translate ASTM

iv

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel II.1

Tabel II.2

Tabel IV.1

Tabel IV.2

Tabel IV.3

Tabel IV.4.

Sifat
Fisik
dan
Kimia
Pertamax
Plus
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
II-8
Karakteristik Pengambilan Sampel
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
II-14
Hasil Percobaan suhu awal, IBP, percent recoved, DP, dan FBP Bahan
Bakar
Pertamax
Plus
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
IV-1
Repeatability dan Reproducibility untuk Grup 2, 3, dan 4
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
IV-6
Nilai
Sc
Tiap
Kelipatan
10%
Recovered
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
IV-7
Kesesuaian Hasil Percobaan Distilasi Pertamax Plus dengan Literatur SNI
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
IV-10

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar II.1

Gambar II.2

Gambar II.3

Gambar II.4
Gambar II.5

Gambar II.6

Gambar II.7

Alat
Desrilasi
Kontinyu
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
II-2
Alat
Distilasi
Batch
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
II-3
Alat
Distilasi
Atmosferik
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
II-3
Alat Distilasi Vakum..................................................................................... II-4
Distilasi
Biner
Campuran
Azeotrop
Etanol
air
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
II-4
Menara
Distilasi
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
II-10
Pemasangan
Peralatan
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
II-13

vi

Gambar II.8

Gambar IV.1

Gambar IV.2

Spesifikasi
Peralatan
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
II-13
Grafik Hubungan antara % Recovered dan Temperatur Distilasi Pertamax
Plus
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
IV-5
Grafik Hubungan Kelipatan 10% Recovery dengan 0 C/%volume Sc dan
repeatability
pada
Distilasi
Sampel
Pertamax
Plus
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
IV-7

DAFTAR NOTASI
vii

No.

Notasi

Keterangan

1.

Temperatur

2.

Volume

ml

3.

%recovery

Persentase destilat yang dihasilkan

4.

%residu

Persentase residu yang tersisa

5.

%loss

Persentase yang hilang

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
viii

Satuan
o

Anonim. (2012). Pertamax Plus. Dipetik Maret 15, 2012, dari http://id.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Pertamax_plus
Anonim. (2012). Bahan Bakar. Dipetik Maret 6, 2012, dari http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki
/Bahan_bakar
Anonim. (2009). Bahan Bakar Cair. Dipetik Maret 7 , 2012, dari http://id.shvoong.com/exactsciences/1975406-bahan-bakar-cair/
Anonim. (2012). Distilasi. Dipetik Maret 6, 2012, dari http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilasi
pada tanggal
Anonim. (2007). Material Data Safety (Lembar Data Keselamatan Bahan) Pertamax Plus.
Direktorat Pemasaran dan Niaga PT. Pertamina , 5.
Anonim. (2004). Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric
Pressure. An American National Standart , 2.
Berkasih, K., & Sasas. (2006). Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam Minasol M, Pertasol Ca Dan
Pertasol Cb Sebagai Pasta Cap Zat Warna Dispersi Pada Kain Poliester. Journal of
Materials Science Vol. 7, No. 3, Juni 2006 .
Kartika, S. D. (2009). Distilasi Sederhana. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga:
Yogyakarta. , 3.
Septiadevana, R. (2008). Bahan Ajar Kuliah. Dipetik Maret 6, 2012, dari
http://kimia.upi.edu/utama/bahanajar/kuliah_web/2008/Riski%20Septiadevana
%200606249_IE6.0/halaman_11.html
Sukmana, M. N. (2010). Distilasi. Dipetik Maret 6, 2012, dari http://ndarucs.
blogspot.com/2010/02/distilasi.html
Suparno. (2010). Pengantar Teori Distilasi. Dipetik Maret 7, 2012, dari
http://www.authorstream.com/
Presentation/nda_tn_only-372057-pengantar-teoridistilasi-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/

APPENDIKS
ix

1. Menghitung Slope (Sc) untuk 20% Recovered bahan bakar Pertamax Plus dengan
menggunakan rumus A4.2 (ASTM D86-07. Hal 20)
T T
Sc = 20 10
2 V V
10 10
790 C 690 C
=
20%vol - 10%vol
0C
=1
%vol

T T
Sc = 20 10
1 V V
10 10
800 C 660 C
=
20%vol - 10%vol
0C
= 1,4
%vol
Sc = Sc1 Sc2
= 1,4-1
= 0,40C/%vol

Dengan cara yang sama dapat dicari Sc pada IBP, FBP, dan % Recovered yang lain.
2. Menghitung repetability ASTM D86-07 untuk 20% Recovered bakar Pertamax Plus
berdasarkan tabel Manual Repeatability dibawah ini:
Manual

Manual

IBP

Repeatability
0
C
F
1,0+0,35Sc
1,9+0,35Sf

Reproducibility
0
0
C
F
2,8+0,93Sc 5,0+0,93Sf

5-95

1,0+0,41Sc

1,8+0,41Sf

1,8+1,33Sc

3,3+1,33Sf

FBP

0,7+0,36Sc

1,3+0,36Sf

3,1+0,42Sc

5,7+0,43Sf

0,7+0,92/Sc

0,7+1,66/Sf

1,5+1,78/Sc 1,53+3,20/Sf

Persen Penguapan (%)

%vol

at

temperature

reading
ASTM

20

= 1,0 + 0,41Sc
=1,0 + (0,41x0,4)
0C
= 1,164
%vol

Ket: Sesuai jika Sc < repetability ASTM D86-07

Dengan cara yang sama dapat dicari repetability ASTM D86-07 pada IBP, FBP, dan %
Recovered yang lain dengan menggunakan tabel Manual Repeatability.
3. Membandingkan hasil Sc dengan repetability berdasarkan ASTM D86-07 untuk 20%
Recovered bakar Pertamax Plus.
Keterangan: Sesuai jika Sc < repetability ASTM D86-07
x

Tidak sesuai jika Sc > repetability ASTM D86-07

Hasil perhitungan
Sc < repetability ASTM D86-07
0,4

0C
%vol

< 1,164

0C
%vol

(sesuai)

Maka hasil percobaan sesuai dengan literatur ASTM karena Sc < repetability.
Dengan cara yang sama dapat dicari Selisih hasil percobaan berdasarkan ASTM pada IBP,
FBP, dan % Recovered yang lain.

xi

LEMBAR REVISI
No.

Tanggal Revisi

Tanggal Kembali

Keterangan

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
xii

TTD

Modul Praktikum : DISTILASI

Kelompok : 2A
1. Merlyn Werdi L.R
2. Arif Wicaksono
3. Astri Utari
4. Gita Shintavia A
5.

(Praktikum ke - 1)
NRP
NRP
NRP
NRP
NRP

2308 030 001

2308 030 017
2309 030 031
2309 030 074

Tanggal Percobaan : 13 Maret 2012

TANGGAL PENGESAHAN
Oleh Asisten
/
/2012

Oleh Pembimbing
/
/2012

(Ollyvianti Permata)
NRP. 2307.030.0

(Dr. Ir. Niniek Fajar P, M.Eng)

NIP. 19630805 198903 2 002

Kasie Lab. Teknik Pembakaran

(Dr. Ir. Niniek Fajar P, M.Eng)

NIP. 19630805 198903 2 002

PROGRAM STUDI DIII TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2012

xiii