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4551/1 BIOLOGI Kertas 1 Oktober 2011 1 jam JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 2011

BIOLOGI KERTAS 1 Satu jam lima belas minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. 2.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan. Jawab semua soalan. Jawab dengan menghitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan dalam kertas angan jawapan objektif. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang berguna bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan Rajah sebaliknya. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan. ______________________________________________________________________ Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 2 halaman bercetak termasuk kulit. 24

3. 4.

5.

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Answer all questions. Jawab semua soalan

Sphere and oval shape Berbentuk sfera atau bujur Consists of genetic materials Mengandungi bahan genetic Control cell division process Mengawal proses pembahagian sel

1. The information above explain about organelle Maklumat di atas menerangkan tentang organel as A Cell wall Dinding sel Lysosome Lisosom C Nucleus Nucleus Ribosome Ribosom

2. Which of the organelles produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? Organel yang manakah yang menghasilkan adenosine trifosfat (ATP)? anakah A Ribosome Ribosom Mitochondrion Mitokondria C Golgi apparatus Jasad golgi Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum

3. The diagram 1 shows an animal cell. Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan.

Diagram 1 // Rajah 1 Organelles X is found in abundance in the cell What is X? cell. Organel X padat dijumpai di dalam sel ini. Apakah X? A B C D

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4. Diagram 2 shows a process carried out by an Amoeba sp. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu proses dilakukan oleh satu Amoeba sp.
Food particles Pseudopodium

Diagram 2

Name the process. Namakan proses ini. A binary fission belahan dedua phagocytosis fagositosis C diffusion resapan osmoregulation osmoregulasi

5. Diagram 3 shows three different types of muscle M, N and O. Rajah 3 menunjukkan tiga jenis otot yang berbeza, M, N dan O.

N Diagram 3/Rajah 3

Which of the following body structures or organs contain muscles M, N or O? Manakah yang berikut struktur badan dan organ mengandungi otot M, N atau O?
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A B C D

M Bicep muscle Otot bisep Tricep muscle Otot trisep Heart Jantung Tricep muscle Otot trisep

N Heart Jantung Stomach Perut Artery Arteri Intestine Usus

O Intestine Usus Oesophagus Esofagus Bicep muscle Otot bisep Heart Jantung

6. Diagram 4 shows four different organs in the human body. Rajah 4 menunjukkan empat organ yang berbeza di dalam badan manusia.

Diagram 4/Rajah 4 Which of the organs form the human excretory system? Organ yang manakah membentuk system perkumuhan manusia? anakah A I, II and III only I, II dan III sahaja I, II and IV only I, II dan IV sahaja C I, III and IV only I, III dan IV sahaja II, III and IV only II, III dan IV sahaja

7.

Cell membrane consists mainly of Membran sel mengandungi terutamany terutamanya A Carbohydrate bilayer and protein Dwilapisan karbohidrat dan protein protein bilayer and phospholipids Dwilapisan protein dan fosfolipid lipid bilayer and proteins Dwilapisan lipid dan protein protein bilayer and carbohydrate Dwilapisan protein dan karbohidrat

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8. Diagram 5 shows a movement of ions across the plasma membrane. Name the process. Rajah 5 menunjukkan pergerakkan ion merentasi mambran plasma. Namakan proses ini.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5 A Flaccid flasid Crenation Krenasi C Active transport ctive pengangkutan aktif

D Passive transport assive pengangkutan pasif

9. Digram 6 shows a red blood cell after has been immerse in a hypertonic solution. Rajah 6 menunjukkan sel darah merah selepas direndam di dalam larutan hipertonik.

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6 Which of the statement explain the phenomena? Kenyataan yang manakah menerangkan fenomena ini? A water molecules move out from the red blood cell molekul air bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah water molecule move into the red blood cell molekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah glucose molecule move out from the red blood cell olecule molekul glukosa bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah glucose molecule move into the red blood cell molekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

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10. Diagram 7 shows a strip of a mustard green after it has been immersed in solution Z. Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu jalur sawi selepas direndam di dalam larutan Z.

Epidermis

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7 What is solution Z? Apakah larutan Z? A 0.1% salt solution 0.1% larutan garam Distilled water air suling C 1.5% sucrose solution 1.5% larutan sukrosa 30% sucrose solution 30% larutan sukrosa

11. Diagram 8 shows the visking tube which filled with distilled water and soaked into salt solution. Rajah 8 menunjukkan tiub visking yang diisikan dengan air suling dan direndam ke dalam larutan garam

Beaker

Salt Solution Visking

Distilled

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8 After 20 minutes the visking tube.. Selepas 20 minit,tiub visking akan.. A will swell. akan membengkak No change occurred. Tiada perubahan berlaku
6

will shrunk akan mengecut will burst akan meletus

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12. Diagram 9 shows the structure of a plant cell before and after it has been immersed in solution P. Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur sel tumbuhan sebelum dan selepas ia di rendam di dalam larutan P.

Diagram 9 / Rajah 9 What is solution P and the process that takes place in the plant cell? Apakah larutan P ini dan proses yang berlaku dalam sel tumbuhan? Solution P// Larutan P A B C D Distilled water Air suling Distilled water Air suling 10% sucrose solution 10% larutan sukrosa 15% sucrose solution 15% larutan sukrosa Process // proses Plasmolysis Plasmolisis Deplasmolysis Deplamolisis Plasmolysis Plasmolisis Haemolysis Hemolisis

13. Table 1 shows the chemical elements present in each of the four organic substances. Which substance A, B, C or D could be a nucleic acid? Jadual 1 menunjukkan unsur kimia ada di dalam setiap empat bahan organic. Bahan A, B, C atau D yang manakah mungkin asid nukleik? Organic substances Bahan organik A B C D Carbon Karbon Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Oksigen Nitrogen Nitrogen x x Phosphorus Fosforus x x

Table 1 / Jadual 1
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14. Diagram 10 shows four different levels of organisation of protein structure. Rajah 10 menunjukkan empat aras organisasi struktur protein.

R Diagram 10 / Rajah 10

Which of the following is a correct match? Manakah yang berikut adalah padanan yang betul? Primary structure Struktur primer P Q R S Secondary structure Struktur sekunder Q S S R Tertiary structure Struktur tertiar R P Q Q Quaternary strunture Struktur kuartener S R P P

A B C D

15. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? Kenyataan berikut yang manakah berkenaan enzim adalah benar? A All enzymes in living organisms have an optimum temperature of 37C. Semua enzim di dalam orranisma hidup mempunyai suhu optimum 370C Enzymes increase the activation energy for the reactions they catalyse. Enzim meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan untuk tindakabalas katalis katalisma Enzymes are denatured at 0C. Enzim ternyahasli pada 00C Enzymes function as organic catalysts. Enzim berfungsi sebagai katalisme organik

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Diagram 11 / Rajah 11 16. Diagram 11 shows the mechanism of an enzyme enzyme-controlled reaction. Which of the molecules P, Q R, or S represents the enzyme? Q, Rajah 11 menunjukkan mekanisma satu enzim mengawal tindakbalas. Molekul P, Q, R atau S mewakili enzim? A P B Q C R D S

17. When there is an excess of substrate, which graph represents the effect of Increasing concentration of enzyme on the rate of reaction? Apabila terdapat subtract berlebihan, graf yang manakah mewakili kesan peningkatan kepekatan enzim ke atas kadar tindakbalas?

18. Diagram 12 shows four test tubes labelled, P, Q, R and S. Each test tube contains 4 cm3 1% albumen suspension, 2 cm3 1 % pepsin solution and 2 drops dilute HCl. The four test tubes are then incubated in different water baths with temperatures at 5C, 20C, 37C and 60C. In which of the following test tubes would the mixture turn completely clear after 10 minutes? Rajah 12 menunjukkan empat tabung uji berlabel P, Q, R dan S. Setiap tabung uji mengandungi 4 cm3 1% ampaian albumen, 2 cm3 1 % larutan pepsin dan 2 titis HCl cair. Empat tabung uji kemudian dieram dalam pengukus air berbeza dengan suhu 50C, 200C, 370C dan 690C. Tabung uji berikut yang manakah campurannya bertukar menjadi jernih sepenuhnya selepas 10 minit?

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Diagram 12 / Rajah 12 A P B Q C R D S

19. Which of the following are the correct sequence of phase in interphase? Manakah yang berikut adalah urutan fasa yang betul di dalam interfasa? A G1 phase G2 phase S phase Fasa G1 Fasa G2 Fasa S G1 phase S phase G2 phase Fasa G1 Fasa S Fasa G2 S phase G1 phase G2 phase Fasa S Fasa G1 Fasa G2 S phase G2 phase G1 phase Fasa S Fasa G2 Fasa G1

20. Which of the following statements is true about mitosis? Kenyataan berikut yang manakah adalah benar tentang mitosis? A Produced gametes Menghasilkan gamet Occurs in somatic cells Berlaku di dalam sel somatic C Produced four daughter cells Menghasilkan empat sel anak Cell undergoes DNA replication Sel mengalami replikasi DNA

21. Diagram 13 shows a chromosome at Prophase I hromosome I. Rajah 13 menunjukkan satu kromosom pada Profasa I I.

Diagram 13 / Rajah 13
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What are structures P and Q? Apakah struktur P dan Q? P Centromere Sentromer Centromere Sentromer Centriole Sentriol Centriole Sentriol Q Sister chromatids Kromatid beradik Non-sister chromatids Kromatid tidak beradik Sister chromatids Kromatid beradik Non-sister chromatids Kromatid tidak beradik

A B C D

22.Diagram 14 show a longitudinal section of a flower. Diagram Rajah 14 menunjukan keratan memanjang bunga.

Diagram 14 // Rajah 14

Where does meiosis occur in the flower in diagram 14? Dimanakah meiosis berlaku di dalam bunga di dalam rajah 14? A 1 and 2 only 1 dan 2 sahaja 2 and 3 only 2 dan 3 sahaja C 2 and 4 only 2 dan 4 sahaja 3 and 4 only 3 dan 4 sahaja

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Diagram 15 / Rajah 15 23. Diagram 15 shows the various stages in meiosis. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the stages? Rajah 15 menunjukkan pelbagai peringkat di dalam meiosis. Manakah yang berikut menunjukkan urutan peringkat yang betul? A B S Q PR P S Q R C Q P R S

D P Q R S

24. Diagram 16 can be represented as anaphase mitosis or anaphase ll meiosis. Rajah 16 boleh mewakili sebagai anafasa mitosis atau anafasa II meiosis.

Diagram 16 /Rajah 16 Determine the number of chromosomes in parents cell. Tentukan nombor kromosom di dalam sel induk. Mitosis 6 12 12 24 Meiosis 12 6 24 12

A B C D

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A forty year old woman is advised to take sufficient calcium daily to reduce the risk of.. Wanita yang berumur empat puluh tahun adalah dinasihatkan untuk mengambil kalsium yang mencukupi supaya dapat mengurangkan gejala.. A Hypertension Tekanan darah tinggi Cardiovascular kardiovaskular C Osteoporosis osteoporosis

D Diabetes mellitus Kencing manis

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Which vitamin is needed to avoid night blindness? Vitamin yang manakah diperlukan untuk mencegah penyakit rabun malam? A B vitamin A vitamin B C D vitamin C vitamin D

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All the following are heterotrophic organisms except Semua berikut adalah organisma heterotrophic kecuali A Parasites Parasit Holophytes Holofit C Saprophytes Saprofit

D Chemosynthesis organisms Organism kemosintesis

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Urea production in the body increases when the diet is rich in. Pembentukan urea dalam badan akan bertambah jika mengambil makanan yang banyak mengandungi. A Fat Lemak B Protein Protein 29 C Minerals Mineral Carbohydrates karbohidrat

Diagram 17 shows part of rabbit digestive system. Gambarajah 17 menunjukkan bahagian sistem pencernaan arnab.

Diagram 17 /Rajah 17
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Which of the following A, B, C and D contains microbes that help cellulose digestion? Di antara bahagian A, B, C dan D berikut yang manakah mengandungi mikrob yang mencernakan selulosa? 30. The following are four males, each having the same body weight. Which one of them requires the greatest daily intake of carbohydrates? Berikut adalah orang lelaki yang mempunyai berat yang sama. Di antara mereka, yang manakah memerlukan pengambilan karbohidrat paling tinggi? A 65 year old man lelaki berumur 65 tahun 18 year old school boy Pelajar lelaki berumur 18 tahun 25 year old clerical officer Pegawai perkeranian berumur 25 tahun

D 30 year old diabetes man lelaki kencing manis berumur 30 tahun 31 Diagram shows part of the human digestive system. Rajah menunjukkan bahagian dalam system penghadaman manusia.

Diagram 18 / Rajah 18 Which of the following will result if X is removed? Antara berikut, apakah yang akan berlaku sekiranya X dibuang. A Lipase is not produced lipase tidak akan dihasilkan B Protein will not be digested Protein tidak boleh dihadam C Digestion of fats became slow Penghadaman lemak menjadi perlahan D Pancreatic juice does not reach the duodenum Jus pancreas tidak melalui sampai ke duodenum.
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32

The following shows the results of an experiment to determine the content of vitamin C in pineapple juice. Berikut adalah keputusan eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan vitamin C di dalam jus nenas.
Volume of pineapple juice = 3.4 cm3 Isipadu jus nenas = 3.4 cm3 Volume of DCPIP solution = 1 cm3 Isipadu larutan DCPIP = 1 cm3

(1.3 cm3 of 0.1% ascorbic acid is needed to decolourise 1 cm3 of DCPIP solution.) (1.3 cm3 0.1% asid askorbik diperlukan untuk melunturkan 1 cm3 larutan DCPIP) Use the above information to calculate the percentage of vitamin C in the pineapple juice. Dengan menggunakan maklumat di atas kirakan peratus kandungan vitamin C di dalam jus nenas . A B 0.026% 0.260% C D 0.038% 0.380%

33. Which of the following is the product of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in muscles? Yang manakah di antara berikut merupakan hasil akhir respirasi 15naerobic di dalam sel- sel otot? Anaerobic respiration Respirasi anaerobik Lactic acid Asid laktik Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air Lactic acid Asid laktik Carbon dioxide Karbon dioksida Aerobic respiration Respirasi aerobik Ethanol Etanol Ethanol Etanol Carbon dioxide and water Karbon dioksida dan air Ethanol Etanol

A B C D

34. What is the main substrate for energy production in cell? Apakah subsrat utama pembentukkan tenaga dalam sel? A Fats. Lemak ATP. ATP C Protein Protein Glucose Glukosa
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35. What causes an oxygen debt? Apakah kesan hutang oksigen? A A lack of glucose kekurangan glukosa A lack of carbon dioxide Kekurangan karbon dioksida A lack of ATP molecules in the muscles cells Kekurangan molekul ATP dalam sel otot

D The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle cells Pengumpulan asid laktik dalam sel otot 36. Which of the following substances have higher percentage in expired air than in inspired air ? Antara bahan berikut yang mana mempunyai peratus yang lebih tinggi dalam udara hembusan berbanding udara sedutan? I Carbon dioxide II Nitrogen III Oxygen IV Water vapour A I and II only I dan II sahaja I and IV only I dan IV sahaja C II and III only II dan III sahaja III and IV only III dan IV sahaja

Glucose + oxygencarbon dioxide + water + ATP

37.

The above equation shows Persamaan dibawah menunjukkan A Aerobic respiration Respirasi aerobic Hydrolysis of glucose Hidrolisis glukosa
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Anaerobic respiration Respirasi anaerobic Condensation of glucose Kondensasi glukosa

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38. Diagram 19 shows the graph of volume of the carbon dioxide taken in or released by a plant in forest at different light intensities. Rajah 19 menunjukkan graf isipadu karbon dioksida yang diambil atau dibebaskan oleh tumbuhan hutan pada kadar keamatan cahaya yang berbeza.

Diagram 19/ Rajah 19 Which of the following is true about the information obtained from the graph? Antara yang berikut yang manakah benar tentang maklumat yang terkandung dalam Graf? A At point W, the quantity of carbon dioxide released is zero Pada titik W, kuantiti karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan adalah kosong At point Y, the quantity of carbon dioxide released is maximum Pada titik Y, kuantiti karbon dioksida dibebaskan adalah pada tahap maksimum. At point X, the quantities of the intake and the release of carbon dioxide are equal Pada titik X, kuantiti pengambilan dan pembebasan karbon dioksida adalah pengambilan sama. At point Z, the quantities of the intake and the release of carbon dioxide are equal Pada titik Z, kuantititi pengambilan dan pembebasan karbon dioksida adalah sama

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39. The following information shows the results of an experiment to determine the oxygen content in exhaled air using J-tube. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan keputusan suatu eksperimen untuk menentukan kandungan oksigen dalam udara hembusan dengan menggunakan tiub -J . Length of exhaled air column Panjang turus udara hembusan = 10.0 cm

Length of exhaled air column after treatment with potassium hydroxide = Panjang turus udara hembusan selepas dirawat dengan kalium hidroksida Length of exhaled air column after treatment with potassium pyrogallate = Panjang turus udara hembusan selepas dirawat dengan kalium pirogalat What is the percentage of oxygen content in the exhaled air? Apakah peratus kandungan oksigen di dalam udara hembusan? A B 4.2 % 8.5 % C D

9.6 cm

8.5 cm

11.0 % 21.0 %

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Diagram 20 is a graph showing the change in air pressure in the alveolus during breathing. Rajah 20 ialah graf yang menunjukkan perubahan tekanan udara di dalam alveolus semasa bernafas

Alveolus pressure (mm Hg)

Atmospheric pressure

Diagram 20 / Rajah 20

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What happens at stage Q? Apakah yang berlaku pada peringkat Q? I I II II III III IV IV A Atmospheric air is inhaled Udara dari atmosfera disedut Rib cage is raised Sangkar rusuk menaik Diaphragm flattens Otot diafragma mendatar External intercostals muscles relax Otot interkosta luar mengendur I and II only I dan II sahaja I, II and III only I, II dan III sahaja III and IV only III dan IV sahaja I, II, III and IV I, II, III dan IV

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What is the correct sequence of ecological change that occurs to a barren land over a long period of time? Apakah urutan perubahan ekologi yang berlaku pada sebidang tanah gondol dalam satu tempoh yang panjang? A Colonization, climax community, succession Pengkolonian, komuniti klimaks, sesaran Colonization, succession, community climax Pengkolonian, sesaran, komuniti klimaks Succession, colonization, climax community Sesaran, pengkolonian, komuniti klimaks Succession, climax community, colonization Sesaran, komuniti klimaks, pengkolonian

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42 Diagram 21 shows the recycling of nitrogen Rajah 21 menunjukkan kitar nitrogen Atmospheric nitrogen

Bacteria X

Bacteria Y

Legumes

Bacteria Z Plant Diagram 21/ Rajah 21 What is bacteria Y? Apakah bakteria Y? A Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bakteria pengikat nitrogen Denitrifying bacteria Bacteria pendenitritan C Putrefying bacteria bacteria pengurai Nitrifying bacteria

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Diagram 22 shows the energy flow in a typical ecosystem. Rajah 22 menunjukkan aliran pengaliran tenaga dalam satu ekosistem

Diagram 22 // Rajah 22
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Which of the following represent carnivorous organisms? Antara berikut yang manakah mewakili organisma karnivor? A B 1 and 2 1 dan 2 2 and 3 2 dan 3 C D 1 and 5 1 dan 5 3 and 4 3 dan 4

44 Diagram 23 shows a mangrove swamp at the river mouth in the year 2007. Rajah 23 menunjukkan paya bakau ditebing sungai pada tahun 2007.
Muddy beach/ pantai berlumpur Avicennia sp. Rhizophora sp. Bruguiera sp. Sonneratia sp. Tropical rain forest/ Hutan hujan tropika

Diagram 23/rajah 23 Which of the following would represent the possible zonal shift at the river mouth in the year 2050? Antara yang berikut yang manakah menunjukkan kebarangkalian pada tebing sungai tersebut pada tahun 2050?

C
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A group of pest controller found out that estimated number of rats population in a farm is 450. In the experiment, they captured 72 rats in the first sample. Then, all the rats are marked and released back into the farm. After a week, they get the second sample? Satu kumpulan pencegah serangga perosak mendapati anggaran populasi tikus di sebuah ladang ialah 450 ekor. Di dalam eksperimen tersebut,mereka menangkap 72 ekor tikus untuk sampel yang pertama. Selepas itu kesemua tikus tersebut ditandakan dan dilepaskan semula ke dalam ladang. Selepas satu minggu mereka mendapatkan sampel yang kedua , 8 daripadanya bertanda. Berapakah bilangan tikus ditangkap di dalam sampel yang kedua tersebut? A 1 B 50 C 500 D 405

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What causes the oxygen content in a river to decrease when waste is disposed into the river? Apakah yang menyebabkan kuantiti oksigen di dalam sungai merosot apabila bahan buangan di buang ke dalam sungai? A The number of bacteria in the water increases Bilangan bakteria semakin bertambah di dalam air Poisonous substances are put into the water Bahan-bahan beracun yang telah dimasukkan ke dalam sungai Decomposition of algae by saphrofitic bacteria Pereputan alga oleh bakteria saprofit Increase of aquatic organisms in the water Pertambahan bilangan organisma akuatik di dalam air

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Which of the following activities causes greenhouse effect? Antara yang berikut, aktiviti manakah boleh menyebabkan kesan rumah hijau? A B C D Logging/ pembalakkan Urbanisation/ Pembandaran Burning of fossil fuel/ Pembakaran bahan api Build more glass walled building/ Mendirikan banyak bangunan berkaca

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48

The following information is about eutrophication. Pernyataan berikut adalah maklumat tentang eutrofikasi.
P Algae grow and cover the surface of the lake
P - Pertumbuhan alga menutup permukaan tasik

Q The rate of bacteria reproduction increase

Q - Kadar pertumbuhan bakteria meningkat

R BOD value increase

R - Nilai BOD meningkat

S Organic fertilizer flows into the lake

S - Kemasukkan baja organic di dalam kolam

Which of the following sequences is correct about the eutrophication process? Antara yang berikut, urutan yang manakah betul tentang proses eutrofikasi. A. B. C. S P S P S Q S Q R R P R Q P R

D. Q 49.

The CFCs in the air condition of refrigerator have been replaced by HCFC. Which of the following statement explains the reason for the replacement? CFC di dalam penghawa dingin peti sejuk telah ditukarkan dengan HCFC. Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah menerangkan sebab penikaran tersebut. A HCFC reduce emission of chlorine that cause thinning of ozone layer HCFC mengurangkan perlanggaran klorin yang menyebabkan penipisan lapisan ozon. B HCFC is not easily broken by the UV and help maintain the ozone layer HCFC tidak mudah terurai oleh UV dan membantu mengekalkan lapisan ozon C HCFC is a lot cooler gas compared to CFC HCFC ialah gas sejuk berbanding CFC HCFC is heavy gas so it does not rise to ozone HCFC ialah gas yang berat. Oleh itu ia tidak sampai ke lapisan ozon.
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50. Table 2 shows the results of an experiment to compare the water quality of two areas, J and K, along a river. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperiment untuk membezakan kualiti air pada dua kawasan J dan K, sepanjang sungai. Water sample sampel air Time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise (minutes) Masa yang diambil untuk larutan methylene biru melunturkan warna (minit) 43 25 Table 2/ Jadual 2 Which of the following is valid explanation for the result? Antara yang berikut yang manakah mematuhi penerangan pada keputusan diatas? A. The water sample from area J is less polluted than that of area K Sample air daripada kawasan J adalah kurang tercemar daripada kawasan K B. The water sample from area J has a higher B.O.D value than that of area K Sample air daripada kawasan J mempunyai nilai B.O.D yang tinggi berbanding Kawasan K C. The water sample from area J has more microorganisms than that of area K Sampel air daripada kawasan J mempunyai lebih banyak mikroorganisma berbanding Kawasan K D. The water sample with a higher B.O.D value takes a longer time to decolourise the methylene blue solution. Sampel air yang mengandungi kadar B.O.D yang tinggi mengambil masa yang lama untuk Melunturkan warna larutan biru methylene.

Area J/ Kawasan J Area K/ Kawasan K

END OF THE QUESTION KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 TAHUN 2011 NEGERI MELAKA PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN BIOLOGY (4551/1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 C B B B D C C C A D C C D C A B A C B B A C A A C 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 A D B B B C C C D D B A C C B B A D D D C C A B C

SULIT 4551/2 BIOLOGI Kertas 2 Oktober 2011 2 1/2 jam

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PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 2011

BIOLOGI KERTAS 2
2 jam Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1. Tulis nama dan kelas anda pada ruangan yang disediakan. 2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. 3. Soalan dalam bahasa inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa melayu . 4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan samada dalam bahasa inggeris atau bahasa melayu. 5. Calon dikehendaki menjawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A dan mana-mana dua soalan dari Bahagian B. 6. Jawapan kepada bahagian A dan bahagian B hendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. 7. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini. B 5 6 7 8 9 JUMLAH 12 20 20 20 20 100 A 1 2 3 4 Bahagian No Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa Markah penuh 12 12 12 12 Markah diperolehi

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 16 halaman bercetak

SULIT Section A Bahagian A (60minutes/60minit) Anwer all questions Jawab semua soalan

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For Examiners Use

1 .

Diagram 1 shows the structure of a plant cell. Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur satu sel tumbuhan.

Diagram 1/Rajah 1 a(i) (ii) On diagram 1, label the structure X, Y and Z.

Pada rajah 1, labelkan struktur X, Y and Z.

1(a)(i)

State two functions of the Golgi apparatus.

Nyatakan dua fungsi jasad Golgi.

1.____________________________________________________________ 2.____________________________________________________________ b(i) Explain the role of Y to maintain cell turgidity.

Terangkan peranan Y dalam mengekalkan kesegahan sel.

1(a)(ii)

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

SULIT

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For Examiners Use

c (i)

Every somatic cell has a potential to form a complete new organism.

Setiap sel soma berpotensi untuk membentuk organisma baru yang serba lengkap.

Name the technique used to produce new plants in large quantities.

Namakan teknik yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan pokok-pokok baru dengan banyak.

1(c)(i)

_____________________________________________________________ (ii) By using one suitable part of the plant, explain the technique in 1(c)(i).
Dengan menggunakan satu bahagian tumbuhan yang sesuai, huraikan teknik di 1(c)(i).

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

1(c)(ii)

Total 1 12

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2. (a)

The names of most enzymes are derived from the names of the substrates they catalyses. In Table 1, match the following substrates with the specific enzymes that involved in the digestive system of humans .
Nama bagi kebanyakan enzim diambil daripada nama substrat yang dimangkinkan. Padankan substrat di dalam Jadual 1 dengan enzim yang terlibat di dalam sistem pencernaan manusia.

For Examiners Use

Substrate/Substrat Lactose/Lactosa

Enzyme/Enzim

Sucrose/Sukrosa

Starch/Kanji

Protein/Protein

2(a)

Table1/Jadual 1 (b) Diagram 2.1 shows the lock and key hypothesis in enzyme action.
Rajah2.1 menunjukkan hipotesis kunci dan mangga dalam tidakan enzim.

Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1 Draw the diagram in the spaces IV and V provided in diagram 2 to complete the mechanism of the enzyme reaction. Lukis rajah dalam petak IV dan V yang disediakan dalam rajah 2 untuk melengkapkan mekanisme tindakan enzim .
2(b)

SULIT (c) Based on diagram 1.1, describe

Berdasarkan rajah 1.1 , huraikan

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For Examiners Use

(i)

which characteristic of the enzyme is explained by this hypothesis.

ciri enzim yang diterangkan oleh hipotesis ini

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ (ii) the enzymes action based on this hypothesis

tindakan enzim berdasarkan hipotesis ini

2(c)(i)

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

2(c)(ii)

(d)

The effect of different substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction can be seen on the graph in diagram 2.2.
Kesan kepekatan substrat yang berbeza ke atas tindakan katalisis enzim dapat dilihat pada graf dalam rajah 22.

Diagram 2.2/Rajah 2.2 Based on the graph in diagram 2.2, explain the enzymes action at Q. Berdasarkan pada graf dalam rajah 2.2, terangkan tindakan enzim pada Q. _______________________________________________________________
2(d)

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3

Total 2

12

SULIT 3 Diagram 3.1 shows the changes during breathing mechanism that occurs in healthy person. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan perubahan semasa mekanisma pernafasan yang berlaku pada individu sihat. Process X/Proses X Process Y/Proses Y

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For Examiners Use

Diagram 3.1/Rajah 3.1

(a)

Give three differences between process X and process Y. Berikan tiga perbezaan di antara proses X dan proses Y __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
3(a) 1(b)(i)

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SULIT (b)

4551/2 Diagram 3.2 3.2(a) represents a model of the human lungs in the respiratory mechanism The string in the model of the lungs is pulled down. Draw the changes to the thin rubber sheet and the balloons in diagram 3.2(b) below. Rajah 3.2 mewakili model peparu manusia dalam mekanisme 3.2(a) respirasi. Tali pada model peparu itu ditarik. Lukiskan keadaan pada kepingan getah nipis dan belon pada rajah 3.2 3.2(b) di bawah bawah.
For Examiners Use

(i)

(a) Diagram 3.2/Rajah 3.2 (ii)

(b)

3(b)(i)

Observe your drawing in (b)(i). Explain the relationship between the changes in the model of the lungs you have drawn and the real human respiratory system.
Perhatikan l lukisan anda di (b)(i).Terangkan perkaitan antara perubahan pada kan model peparu yang anda lukis dengan sistem respirasi manusia sebenar. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
3(b)(ii)

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3

(c)

The thin rubber sheet represents the diaphragm in the human respiratory system. What is the function of the thin rubber sheet in the model of the lungs ?
Kepingan getah nipis mewakili diafragma dalam sistem respirasi manusia. Apakah fungsi kepingan getah nipis dalam model peparu itu ?

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 7

3(c)

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For

(d)

The percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in inspired and expired air is determined by using the J-tube.
Peratus gas oksigen dan gas karbon dioksida dalam udara sedutan dan udara hembusan ditentukan dengan menggunakan tiub-J.

Examiners Use

(i)

Why is the end of the J-tube dipped in potassium hydroxide solution and then followed by potassium pyrogallol solution?
Mengapakah hujung tiub-J dicelupkan ke dalam larutan kalium hidroksida dan diikuti dengan larutan pirogalat ?

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ (ii) Table 2.1 shows the result of a study on the content of inspired and expired air.
Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan keputusan kajian tentang kandungan udara sedutan dan udara hembusan
3(d)(i)

Type of gas Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nitrogen gas Water vapour

Inspired air / % 21.0 0.04 78.0 Vary

Expired air / % 16.0 4.0 78.0 Saturated

Table 2.1/Jadual 2.1 Explain why there is an increase in percentage of carbon dioxide in the expired air.
Terangkan mengapa terdapat peningkatan peratus karbon dioksida dalam udara hembusan _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
3(d)(ii)

_______________________________________________________________ 2 _______________________________________________________________
Total 3

12

SULIT

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4 Diagram 4.1 shows the transport of nutrients X, Y and Z to the liver and the body cells. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pengangkutan nutrien X, Y dan Z ke hati dan sel badan.

For Examiners Use

Diagram 4.1/Rajah 4.1 (a ) Label the nutrients in diagram 4.1. Labelkan nutrient dalam rajah 4.1
4(a)

X: Y: Z: .. (b)(i) The small intestine in diagram 4.1 has numerous projections. Draw and label a longitudinal section of one of these projections in the space below. Usus kecil pada rajah 4.1 terdiri daripada banyak unjuran. Lukis dan labelkan keratan menegak satu unjuran itu di ruang kosong di bawah

4b)(i)

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(ii)

State the process that occurs in the projection drawn in (b). Nyatakan proses yang berlaku pada unjuran yang dilukis di (b). _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

4(b)(ii)

(c)

State one characteristic of the projections drawn in (b) that will help the process in (c)(i) to function efficiently. Nyatakan satu ciri pada unjuran yang dilukiskan di (b) yang membolehkan proses di (c)(i) berlaku dengan cekap. _________________________________________________________________

4(c)

(d)

Excess nutrient Y cannot be stored in the body and are broken down in the liver by one process. Name a process. Nutrien Y berlebihan tidak dapat disimpan dihati dan akan diuraikan melalui satu proses. Namakan proses tersebut. _________________________________________________________________

4(d)

(e)

Nutrient Z is absorbed through a different circulatory system compared to nutrient X and nutrient Y.
Nutrien Z diangkut oleh sistem peredaran yang berbeza jika dibandingkan dengan nutrien X dan nutrien Y

(i)

Name the circulatory system involved in transporting nutrient X and nutrient Y.

Namakan sistem peredaran yang mengangkut nutrien X dan nutrien Y.

4(e)(i)

_________________________________________________________________
Examiners

(ii)

Describe how nutrient Z is drained back into the circulatory system which is named in (e)(i).
Huraikan bagaimanakah nutrien Z akan kembali ke sistem peredaran yang dinamakan di(e)(i).
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4(e)(ii)

10

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5 Diagram 5 shows a profile transect of a mangrove swamp.

Rajah5 menunjukkan satu profil di kawasan paya bakau.

For Examiners Use

High tide air pasang Low tide air surut

Muddy bank Tebing lumpur

ZONE R

ZONE S

ZONE T

Time Masa

Diagram 5/Rajah 5 (a ) Name one species each represents zones R and S. Describe the adaptive structure of root system for each species. Nyatakan satu spesies tumbuhan yang mewakili Zon R dan Zon S. Huraikan struktur penyesuaian sistem akar bagi setiap spesies yang dinyatakan. Zone R: __________________________________________________________ Description/Penerangan: __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Zone S: __________________________________________________________ Description/Penerangan: __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
5(a)

11

SULIT

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Examiners Use

(b)(i)

Name the process involve to form zones S and T.

Namakan proses yang menyebabkan zon S dan zon T terbentuk. _________________________________________________________________

5(b)(i)

(ii)

Explain how the process in (b)(i) can happen?

Terangkan bagaimana proses di (b)(i) berlaku?
5(b)(ii)

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ (c) Mangrove swamps area contain the lowest amount of oxygen, muddy soft soil and submerged by high tide. Name the way of reproduction of species in zone S to solve that problem?
Kawasan paya bakau mengandungi kandungan oksigen yang kurang, tanah yang berlumpur dan selalu ditenggelami oleh air pasang. Namakan cara pembiakan spesies tumbuhan di zon S bagi mengatasi masalah tersebut? ________________________________________________________________
5(c)

(d)

A chemical factory is built near the mangrove swamps area. The untreated waste is discharged directly into the sea. Kawasan paya bakau itu telah didirikan kilang yang berasaskan industri kimia. Bahan buangan industri itu disalurkan terus ke pantai berhampiran. Explain the effects of the untreated waste on the mangrove swamps ecosystem. Terangkan kesan aktiviti kilang tersebut terhadap ekosistem paya bakau. ___________________________________________________________
5(d)(i)

(i)

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ (ii) Suggest one method to minimize the effects in (d)(i). Cadangkan satu cara untuk mengurangkan kesan di (d)(i). ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
5(d)(ii)

Total 5

12

12

SULIT Section B Bahagian B (40 marks) Answer any two questions from this section. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini 6. (a) Diagram 6.1 shows how the respiratory gases are transported in the human body.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan bagaimana gas respirasi diangkut dalam badan manusia.

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16

Dapatkan skema Jawapan di Laman

[L

ww.banksoalanspm.com
Diagram 6.1 (i) Based on Diagram 6.1, explain how the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the body cells
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, terangkan bagaimanakah pengangkutan oksigen dan karbon dioksida berlaku di dalam sel-sel badan.

[6 marks] (ii) Describe the adaptations of the alveolus for gaseous exchange.
Terangkan penyesuaian pada alveolus yang membolehkannya utuk melakukan proses pertukaran gas.

[4 marks] 6. b) Describe what will happens if these cells are placed in distilled water:
Huraikan apa yang akan berlaku terhadap sel berikut apabila direndam di dalam air suling:

i. ii. iii.

onion epidermal cells

sel epidermis bawang

red blood cells

sel darah merah

Paramecium sp.
Paramesium sp.

[10 marks]

13

SULIT 7. (a)

4551/2 What are the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis? Apakah persamaan dan perbezaan antara mitosis dan meiosis. [4 marks]

(b) Dolly the sheep was the first vertebrate cloned from the cell of an adult animal in 1997. That was a remarkable scientific breakthrough and it gained interest and concern from around the world on the of cloning and how it would affect humans.
Dolly si biri-biri merupakan haiwan vertebrata pertama yang diklon daripada sel haiwan dewasa pada tahun 1997. Ia merupakan satu penemuan saintifik yang amat bermakna dan telah menimbulkan minat dan perhatian daripada pelbagai pihak di seluruh dunia terhadap pengklonan dan bagaimana ia memberi kesan ke atas manusia.

i)

State the advantages and disadvantages of this technique.

Nyatakan kebaikan dan keburukan teknik tersebut.

[6 marks] (c)
Cell division results in the growth of an organism. However, if the cell division occurs in an uncontrolled manner, then it can cause bad effects. Pembahagian sel menyebabkan pertumbuhan pada organisma. Akan tetapi, sekiranya pembahagian sel itu berlaku secara tidak terkawal, ia akan menyebabkan kesan yang buruk.

(i)

If the cell divides out of control, explain the effects on the cell.
Jika pembahagian sel ini berlaku secara tidak terkawal, terangkan kesannya terhadap sel.

[4 marks]
(ii)

State the substance which can cause uncontrolled cell division and how this can be avoided.
Nyatakan bahan yang menyebabkan pembahagian sel secara tidak terkawal dan bagaimana keadaan ini dapat dielakkan .

[6 marks]

14

SULIT

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Table 8 shows the nutrients content of food. Jadual menunjukkan kandungan nutrisi dalam makanan.

Food Makanan

Protein Protein (g)

Lipid Lipid (g)

Carbohydrate Karbohidrat (g)

Minerals Mineral Calsium Kalsium (mg) 4 Ferum Ferum (mg) 0.4 A (g) 0 D (g) 0

Vitamins Vitamin B1 (mg) 0.08 B2 (mg) 0.03 B3 (mg) 1.5 C (mg) 0

Rice Nasi White bread Roti putih Potato Kentang Meat Daging Egg Telur Milk Susu Carrot Lobak

6.2

1.0

86.8

8.0

1.7

54.3

100

1.7

0.18

0.03

2.6

1.4

19.7

0.5

0.08

0.03

1.2

12

18.1

17.1

1.9

0.06

0.19

8.1

12.3

10.9

4.2

100

0.1

155

0.1

0.09

0.47

3.7

3.3

3.8

4.8

120

0.1

44

0.05

0.04

0.15

0.9

0.7

5.4

48

0.6

2000

0.06

0.05

0.7

Table 8: Nutrients content in 100g parts of the eaten food Jadual 8 : Kandungan Nutrien Per 100g Bahagian Yang Dimakan (a) Based on Table 8 above, suggest the suitable menu for;
Berdasarkan Jadual 8 di atas, cadangkan menu yang sesuai bagi

(i ) Pregnant mother
Ibu mengandung

(ii) Teenager
Remaja

Give the justification for the menu that you choose

Berikan justifikasi untuk menu yang dipilih.

[10 marks]

15

SULIT

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Food preservation involves methods of preparing food to extend the life span and to avoid wastage of food. Pengawetan makanan melibatkan kaedah peyediaan untuk memanjangkan tempoh hayat dan mengelakkan pembaziran makanan.

(b) Based on the above statement, explain the necessity for food processing.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, terangkan keperluan pemprosesan makanan.

[10 marks]

9. (a) The green house effect is an environmental issue that is always being discussed. Explain how the green house effect occurs. Describe the green house effect on the environment and living organisms on the earth.
Kesan rumah hijau adalah isu alam sekitar yang sering dibincangkan. Terangkan bagaimana kesan rumah hijau berlaku. Huraikan kesan rumah hijau ke atas alam sekitar dan organisma yang hidup di atas bumi.

[10marks] (b) Development that is not planned and managed properly has brought negative effects to the ecosystem such as land erosion, flash flood, landslides, global warming, thinning of the ozone layer, climate change and the extinction of certain species.
Pembangunan yang tidak terancang dan terurus dengan teliti boleh membawa kesan negatif kepada ekosistem seperti hakisan tanah, banjir kilat, tanah runtuh, pamanasan global, penipisan lapisan ozon, perubahan iklim dan kepupusan spesis tertentu.

Based on the above statement, describe the effects of unplanned development and improper management of the ecosystem.
Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, terangkan kesan pembangunan yang tidak terancang dan terurus dengan teliti kepada ekosisitem.

[10 marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

16

No.

Marking Criteria

Marks

1(a)(i)

1.a(i) X: cell wall Y: vacoule Z: chloroplast (ii) 1. Process or modified centre of carbohydrate /protein/ lipid 2. Packaging centre of carbohydrate /protein/ lipid 3. Transpotation centre of carbohydrate /protein/ lipid Any 2 (b)(i) Y containing cell sap/water/sugar/ mineral salt when the vacuole gain water causing the vacuole expand and swell up the plasma membrane push against the cell wall, cell become turgid Any 2 (c)(i) cloning/culture tissue (ii) 1. 2. The explants/ tissue taken from the parent plant put it into the sterile culture medium containing nutrients and growth hormones 3. The explants divide by mitosis to form a callus 4. Cell in the callus develop into embryos & later into plantlets

3m

2m

2m

1m

4m

12 marks

No.

Marking Criteria

Marks

2(a)(i)

Able to match the following substrates with specific enzymes that involved in the digestive system of humans. Substrate Lactose Sucrose Starch Protein Enzymes Lactase 1 Sucrase 1 Amylase 1 Pepsin/Protease/Trypsin/Erepsin/Rennin 1 Note: 4 correct : 3 marks 2-3 correct : 2 marks 1 correct : 1 mark 3

2(b)

Able to draw the diagram in the spaces IV and V provided in Figure 1.1 to complete the mechanism of the enzyme reaction. Sample Answer 1+1 2

No.

Marking Criteria

Marks

( c )( i)

Able to describe characteristic of the enzyme is explained by this hypothesis Sample Answer Enzyme have specific sites called active sites (to bind to specific substrates) Enzyme are highly specific in action // (that is) each enzyme can only catalyse one kind of substrate or Enzyme remain unchanged at the end of the reaction They are not destroyed by the reactions they catalyse or Most enzyme-catalysed reactions are reversible Enzymes can catalysed the reaction in either direction 1 1 1 1

1 1

(ii) Able to describe the enzyme action based on this hypotesis Sample Answer A specific substrate molecule arrives at the active site of the enzyme molecule. The substrate molecule binds to the active site to form an enzymesubstrate complex which is very unstable. The enzyme is free to take another substrate molecule into its active site to catalyse another reaction. Product molecules leave the active site of the enzyme. [Any two] 1 1 2 1 1

No.

Marking Criteria

Marks

2( d )

Able to explain the enzyme action at Q Sample Answer At Q, the concentration of substrate is high // an access of substrate molecules. The active site of enzyme molecules are filled / fully occupied by the substrate molecules // The enzyme is said to be saturated. The rate will not increase further (and become constant) // the reaction is at a maximum rate. The concentration of enzymes become a limiting factor. [Any three] TOTAL = 12 MARKS 1 1 3 1 1

ITEM NO 3 (a)

SCORING CRITERIA

MARKS

REMARKS

Able to state the differences between process X and process Y Answer : Process X Process Y Inspiration process Expiration process The external intercostal The external intercostal muscles contract / internal muscles relax / internal intercostal muscles relax intercostal muscles contract Diaphragm muscles Diaphragm muscles contracts/diaphragm move expand / diaphragm move downwards and flattened upwards and arched The rib cage to move The rib cage to move upwards and outwards downwards and inwards The volume of the The volume of the thoracic cavity to increase thoracic cavity to decrease The pressure of the The pressure of the thoracic cavity/lung thoracic cavity/lung decrease increase High atmospheric pressure High atmospheric of the outside forces air pressure inside the lungs into the lungs forces air out of the lungs Able to draw the changes to the 1 Thin rubber sheet. 2 Balloons Sample answer: 1 The thin rubber sheet is pulled down / lower than the original position. 2 Both balloons inflated Able to explain the relationship between the changes in the model of the lungs in (b) (i) and the actual respiratory system based on the following criteria : 1 Diaphragm muscles contracts/diaphragm flattened. 2 Causes increase in volume of thoracic cavity 3 Causes air pressure in lungs/thoracic cavity to decrease 4 Air is forced in Able to state the function of the thin rubber sheet Sample answer: To change the volume and pressure inside the model of

1 1

Any three

(b) (i)

1 1 2

(b) (ii)

1 1 1

Any three

(c)

the lung. 3 (d) (i) Able to state the reason why the end of the J-tube is immersed in potassium hydroxide solution and is then followed by potassium pyrogallol solution. Sample answer : 1 Potassium pyrogallol solution absorbs both oxygen and carbon dioxide // Potassium hydroxide solution absorbs carbon dioxide only Able to explain why there is an increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the expired air based on the following criteria : F Process of producing carbon dioxide E Carbon dioxide transport from cells to the lungs Sample answer : F Carbon dioxide is the product of cell respiration (in the body) E1 Carbon dioxide diffuses out from the cells (into the blood) to be transported) to the lungs (and removed through expired air) E2 The diffusion of carbon dioxide into blood capillaries increased the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air

(d) (ii)

12 m

No 4

Marking Criteria a) X = glucose Y = amino acid Z = fatty acid and glycerol b)

Able to draw one vilus that show the parts and following label.

Marks

3 correct - 3M

R- Able to show following parts: - blood capillaries, epithelium, lacteal. L- Able to label any of two from the following: Blood capillaries, epithelium, lacteal,

2 1 1

b) (ii) absorption / simple diffusion / facilitated diffusion / active transport (reject diffusion) c) - one cell thick / very thin wall - a lot of blood capillaries d) deamination e) (i) blood circulatory system (ii) - nutrient Z / fatty acid and glycerol absorbed into the lacteal - (nutrient Z / lipid / lymph) travel into lymphatic vessels by contraction of skeletal muscles - (the lymph) from the left side drains into the thoracic duct // the lymph from the right side drains into the right lymphatic duct - (the thoracic duct) empties its lymph into the left subclavian vein // (the right lymphatic duct) empties its lymph into the right subclavian vein

1 1 (Any one) 1 1 1

No 5 5(a)

Marking Criteria

Marks

R: Avicennia sp. / Sonneratia sp. Description : pneumatophores roots for breathing / respiration in the waterlogged conditions / less oxygen S: Rhizophora sp. Description: prop roots for support the plnts onto the muddy soil. (b)(i) (b)(ii) Succession The root system of pioneer species traps mud during high tide (as time passes) the soil becomes more harder and drier / compact and firm // the soil level becomes increase (this condition) favours the growth of Rhizophora sp. / succession by Rhizophora sp./ not suitable for the growth of Avicennia sp. / Sonneratia sp.

1 1 1 1 4m 1m

3m 1m

(c) Viviparity seedlings // seeds that germinate while still attached to the parent tree

(d)(i) (d)(ii) Treat waste fromfactories before being disposed. Enforce the law and take action on anyone who pollutes Will be polluted by toxic chemical Population of animals / plants decreases 1 1 2m Any one 1 1 1m

TOTAL MARKS=12m

ITEM NO 6(a)

SCORING CRITERIA (i) Able to explain how the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the body cells Sample answers: P1: The blood circulatory system transport oxygen from the alveoli to the body cells. P2: Oxygen combines with the haemoglobin in the red blood cells P3: to form oxyhaemoglobin (which is unstable.) P4: Oxygen is carried (in form of oxyhaemoglobin) to the tissues (which have a low partial pressure of oxygen.) P5: The (unstable) oxyhaemoglobin breaks down into oxygen and haemoglobin again. P6: Oxygen (molecules are) transferred to the body cells P7: Carbon dioxide binds (itself) to the haemoglobin P8: (and is) transported in the form of carbaminohaemoglobin. P9: Carbon dioxide is (also) transported as dissolved carbon dioxide (in the blood plasma.) P10: Most of carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ions (dissolved in the blood plasma.) P11: When the blood carrying carbon dioxide reaches the body cells, the carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood plasma and combines with the red blood cells. P12:Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid. P13:Carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells catalyse the formation of carbonic acid. P14: The carbonic acid then dissociates into a hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. MAXIMUM: 6 marks (ii) Able to describe the adaptations of the alveolus for gaseous exchange Sample answer:

MARK

REMARK

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 6

F1: The millions of alveoli P1: provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange. F2: The walls of the alveoli are moist P2: and this allows respiratory gases to dissolve easily to them. F3: The walls of the alveoli are very thin (one-cell thick) P3: forquick / easy diffusion of gases. F4: The alveoli are richly supplied with blood capillaries P4: to increase the rate of diffusion / the rate of the transportation of gases MAXIMUM: 4 marks

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 10

6(b)(i) Able to describe what happens the onion cell are placed in distilled water / Answer sample/ P1 - Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell vacuole sap P2 - Water molecule diffuse into plant cells by osmosis, (through the cell membrane) P3 - Cell vacuole swell and push protoplasm against cell wall P4 - Strong cellulose cell walls push back, and cells become turgid Able to describe what happens the red blood cell are placed in distilled water / Answer sample/ P1 - Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell contents to a red blood cells P2 - Water molecule diffuse into red blood cells by osmosis, through the plasma membrane. P3 - Red blood cells swell P4 - Eventually rupture or haemolyse. (b) (ii) Able to describe what happens the Paramecium sp. are placed in distilled water / Answer sample/ P1 - Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell content of Paramecium. P2 - Water enters Paramecium by osmosis through its cell membrane. P3 - Excess water is collected in the contractile vacuole. P4 - When the contractile vacuole is full, it empties its content into the outside environment. Total Mark [ 10 marks]

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1

10

1 (b)(iii) 7 (a) Meiosis Similarities Mitosis 1. Both processes are division of cells. 2. In both processes, the chromosome replicates only once. 1 Differences In reproduce Place occur organs(testis/ovary) Twice Number of divisions Produces four Number of haploid daughter daughter cells cells (gametes) Synapsis occurs Synapsis of during prophase I homologous chromosomes Crossing over Crossing over occurs during of chromatids prophase I of homologous chromosomes Each daughter cell Number of has half the number chromosomes of chromosomes of in daughter the parent cell cells In somatic cells Once Produces two diploid daughter cells Synapsis does not occur Crossing over does not occur 1 1 1 1 1 1

7 (b)

Daughter cells are genetically nonidentical to the parent cell and to each other Produces gametes, results in genetic variation among the gametes, reduces chromosomes

Genetic composition of daughter cells Role in the animals body

Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell Daughter cell genetically identical to the parent cell Produces cells for growth, maintenance and repair of body tissues

Any 4

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

11

number by half

1 6 marks

7 (c) i

(c ) ii

Able to state the advantages and disadvantages of this technique. Advantages - multiply copies of useful genes or clones - can be produced in a shorter time and in larger numbers - produce clones through asexual reproduction - produce clones that are resistant to diseases Disadvantages - clones have the same level of resistance towards certain diseases - may undergo mutations which can disrupt natural equilibrium - do not show any genetic variations - unable to adapt to the changes of the environment

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- If the cell divides out of control by mitosis, then the cell will divide very fast to produces many cells and form tumour. - If the tumour is located at its original place and does not invade to other cells, then the tumour is benign. - If the cells invade other tissues and destroy them, then the tumour is malignant that is cancer.

Substances which can cause uncontrolled mitosis to occur are ultraviolet rays, X-rays, radioactive rays and carcinogenic substances such as asbestos, benzene and cigarette smoke. Uncontrolled mitosis can be avoided in the following ways:

12

Have a balanced diet Avoid exposure to carcinogenc substances Have a healthy social life such as no smoking

8 (a)

SUGGESTED MENU

JUSTIPHICATION Pregnant woman J1: Consist of carbohydrate to supply energy for daily activities Teenager J2: Consist of carbohydrate to supply energy for their active daily activities J4: Consist of suitable protein for teenagers to achieve the optimum growth level J5: 13

C1: Rice

C1-1 J1-1 J2-1

C2: Meat and fish

J3: Consist of suitable protein for pregnant mother to build the cells and tissues of the foetus

C2-1 J3-1 J4-1 J5-1

C3: Milk and egg

J6: consist of calcium that is needed by pregnant mother to build bones and strong teeth for the development of the foetus

Consist of ferum that is need by the female teenagers to avoid anemia because of the blood loss during menstrual J7: Consist of calcium that is needed by teenagers to complete the bones and teeth formation

C3-1 J6-1 J7-1

C4-1 J8-1 J9-1 J10-1 J11 -1

C4: carrot 8 (b)

J8: consist of vitamin A that is good for foetus eyes development J10: consist of high fibre to prevent constipation in pregnant mother

J9: Consist of vitamin A that is good for their eyesight J11: consist of high fibre to prevent constipation

9 1

10

Maximum Analysing skill (KN) : Any one suggestion of the menu and justiphication example: C1, J1 and J2// C2, J3 and J4/J5// C3, J6 and J7//C4, J8/J9 and J10/J11 Total marks Able to explain the necessity of food processing Sample answer F1 prevent food spoilage E1 (food spoilage) causes by the action of microorganism E2 decomposing bacteria/fungi on carbohydrate/protein E3 produced carbon dioxide, water, ammonia hydrogen 14

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

E4 make food become toxic F2 Oxidation of food when cut/expose to air E1 oxygen react with enzymes/chemicals released by cell F3 Increase it commercial value E1 food additives is added in preserving the freshness of food E2 Improve the taste/appearance/texture F4 Intention of diversifying the uses of food E1 increased the variety of products 1 1

15

max 10 9 (a) Able to explain how the green house effect occur P1- when solar radiation enters the Earths atmosphere, some of its radiation is reflected back to space P2- and most of the radiation is absorbed by Earth which warms the surface of the earth P3- heat in the form of infrared radiation is radiated back into space P4- much of this heat does not escape from the atmosphere because it is trapped by the greenhouse gases/ carbon dioxide/ CFC/ methane/ nitrous oxide P5- this causing the atmosphere to be warm and increase the temperature of the Earth Able to describe the green house effect on the environment and living organisms on the earth F: melting of the polar ice caps and glaciers takes place at a faster rate/ rise in the sea level E: agricultural activities will be disrupted, marine life and biodiversity will be affected and human health F: the quantity of water vapour in the atmosphere is higher because of greater evaporation of water E: the greenhouse effect more pronounced F: changing local weather patterns E: drought/ greater rainfall/ change the distribution of species such as extinction of some species in certain regions/ pest and vectors may spread to new areas Synthesis skill Able to write P1, P2, P3 & P4 16

1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1

max 9

TOTAL 1 10marks

9 (b)

Able to describe the effects of unplanned development and improper management of the ecosystem. P1: The leave canopy in the forest protects the soil from excess rain water. P2: When the forest is cleared, the soil is exposed to rain (water) / wind. P3: this will cause soil erosion P4:The soil that is exposed to wind will be blown to another area, P5: while soil that is exposed to rain water will be eroded and deposited at the bottom of the river / pond /lake. P6:The soil at the hill slopes can (also) be washed away by heavy rain water P7: resulting in land slides. P8: (The deposited soil will) cause the water level to increase rapidly when it rains and P9: this will in turn cause flash floods. P10:Wild life species will also be threatened P11: when their habitat is destroyed. P12: Global warming will occur P13:due to an increase in the Earth's temperature, P14:which is caused by excess emissions of carbon dioxide/ methane/ CFC /nitrogen dioxide (into the atmosphere). P15:These gases trap the heat that is reflected by the Earth. P16:The thinning of the ozone layer occurs P17: when the ozone layer (that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation) is destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). 1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1

17

MAXIMUM: 10 marks

18

SULIT

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4551/3 BIOLOGI Kertas 3 Oktober 2011 1 jam

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 2011

BIOLOGI KERTAS 3
1 jam Satu jam tiga puluh minit JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Tulis nama dan nombor kad pengenalan anda 2. Kertas ini adalah dalam dwi bahasa 3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan sepadan dalam Bahasa Melayu 4. Jawab SEMUA soalan.

Soalan 1 2

Markah Penuh 33 Respons 17 Jumlah

Markah Diperoleh

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 12 halaman bercetak 3

SULIT Answer all questions/ Jawab semua soalan

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1. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the anaerobic respiration in yeast. Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of the experiment.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperiment untuk mengetahui respirasi anaerobik dalam yis . Rajah1.1menunjukkan susunan satu set eksperiment. Delivery tube Thermometers Delivery tube

Stoppers Test tube A Boiling tubes Test tube B

Lime water Set A

Paraffin oil Set B

Lime water

5 cm3 yeast suspension + 5 cm3 boiled glucose solution

5 cm3 distilled water + 5 cm3 boiled glucose solution

Diagram 1.1/Rajah1.1 Diagram 1.2 shows the observations made on the lime water. The thermometer readings and the observations on the lime water were taken at 0 minute and 30 minutes.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian terhadap air kapur. Bacaan temometer dan pemerhatian ke atas air kapur diambil pada masa 0 minit dan 30 minit.

Lime water (clear)

Lime water (chalky)

Diagram 1.2/Rajah 1.2 4

SULIT

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Table 1.1 shows the result of the experiment at 0 minute and 30 minutes.
Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperiment pada masa 0 minit dan 30 minit.

Time: 0 minute Set A Set B

40

40

30

30

20

20

Thermometer reading

Thermometer reading ..

Time: 30 minutes Set A Set B

C

40

40

30

30

20

20

Thermometer reading .

Thermometer reading .

Table 1.1/Jadual 1.1

SULIT

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For examiners use

(a) State the thermometer readings in the spaces provided in Table 1.1.
Nyatakan bacaan termometer pada ruangan yang disediakan pada jadual 1.1

[3 marks]

1 (a)

(b) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations that can be made on Set A in the experiment. [3 marks]
Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat pada set A dalam eksperimen.

Observation 1 on Set A:
Pemerhatian 1 dalam set A

.......

Observation 2 on Set A:
Pemerhatian 2 dalam set A.

........ ....

1 (b) (i)

(ii) State the inference for each observation made in (b) (i).
Nyatakan satu inferen pada setiap pemerhatian yang dibuat di (b)(i)

[3 marks]

Inference for observation 1 on Set A:

Inferen untuk pemerhatian 1 set A.

...... .. ..

Inference for observation 2 on Set A:

Inferen untuk pemerhatian 2 set A 1 (b) (i)

... ......... .

SULIT

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For examiners use

(c) Complete Table 1.2 to show the variables involved in the experiment and how the variables are operated. [3 marks]
Lengkapkan jadual 1.2 untuk menunjukkan pembolehubah yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini dan bagaimana pembolehubah ini dikawal.

Variables Manipulated variable: .... Responding variable: .... Controlled variable: ....

Operating the variables How to handle the manipulated variable: ... .. How to determine the responding variable: ... .. How to maintain the controlled variable: ... ...
1 (c)

Table 1.2/jadual 1.2

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis eksperimen ini.

[3 marks]
1 (d)

SULIT (e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini. Your table should have the following titles. Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut

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For examiners use

[3 marks]

Solution in the boiling tube Temperature Changes of lime water

1 (e) (i)

(ii) Explain the relationship between the boiled glucose solution and paraffin oil used in the experiment of the anaerobic respiration process in yeast.
Terangkan hubungan antara larutan glukos yang dididihkan dengan minyak paraffin yang digunakan dalam eksperimen respirasi anaerobic dalam yis.

....... [3 marks] (f) Following are some of the apparatus and materials used in the experiment.
Berikut adalah radas dan bahan yang digunakan dalam eksperimen. Yeast suspension, boiled glucose solution, distilled water, thermometers, lime water, and paraffin oil 1 (e) (ii)

Categorise the apparatus and materials according to their roles in operating the variables in the experiment.
Kategorikan radas dan bahan mengikut penggunaan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini. Manipulated variables Responding variables Constant Variables

1 (f)

SULIT (g) Based on the experiment, define operationally anaerobic respiration.

Berdasarkan eksperimen, berikan definasi secara operasi tentang respirasi anaerobic.

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For examiners use

[3 marks] (h) The experiment is repeated by using Set C containing 10 cm3 of yeast suspension and 10 cm3 of boiled glucose solution.
Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menggunakan Set C yang mengandungi 10 cm3 ampaian yis dan10 cm3 larutan glukosa yang dididihkan.

1 (g)

(i) Predict the readings on the thermometer used in the experiment. Explain your answer.
Ramalkan bacaan pada thermometer dalam eksperimen ini. Terangkan jawapan anda.

........ .... [3 marks] (ii) Explain the time taken for the lime water to change.
Terangkan masa yang diambil untuk perubahan air kapur. 1 (h) (i)

.... ....

1 (h) (ii)

[3 marks]

SULIT 2. Aquatic plants carry out photosynthesis to obtain food. In the process, oxygen bubbles are released to the aquatic environment. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by several environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity and concentration of carbon dioxide.

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Tumbuhan akuatik melakukan fotosintesis untukmendapatkan makanan. Semasa proses tersebut, gelembung oksigen dibebaskan kepersekitaran akuatik. Kadar fotosintesis dipengaruhi oleh beberapa factor persekitaran seperti suhu, keamatan cahaya, dan kepekatan karbon dioksida.

Design an experiment to study the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.
Rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan karbon dioksida keatas kadar fotosintesis.

(17 marks)

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Perancangan eksperimen kamu hendaklah termasuk aspek-aspek berikut:

Problem statement / Pernyataan masalah Hypothesis / hipotesis Variables / pembolehubah List of apparatus and materials / Senarai radas dan bahan Experimental procedure / Kaedah eksperimen Presentation of data / penyampaian data

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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SULIT SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:.............................................. Question no:.............................................

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS 11

SULIT

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Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

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SULIT SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:.............................................. Question no:.............................................

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SULIT SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:.............................................. Question no:.............................................

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MARK SCHEME
Question 1 (a) [KB0603 - Measuring Using Numbers] Score Criteria Able to state all the thermometer readings. Answers: Time: 0 minute Set A : 31 C Time: 30 minutes Set A : 37 C Able to state any 3 correctly Able to state any 2 correctly Able to state only 1 correctly / not able to respond / wrong response.

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Set B : 29 C Set B : 29 C

2 1 0

(b) (i) [KB0601 - Observation] Score 3 Criteria Able to state any two observations on Set A correctly based on 3 criteria. Criteria: Thermometer time reading comparison Lime water time change comparison

Sample answers: Observation 1: At 30 minutes, the thermometer reading is 37 C, higher than at time 0 minute / has increased. Observation 2: At 0 minutes, the lime water has not changed into chalky, compared to 30 minutes. 2 Able to state any one observation correctly, or Able to state any two incomplete observations. [any two criteria from above] Able to state any one idea of observation. Not able to respond or wrong response.

1 0

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MARK SCHEME
(b) (ii) [KB0602 - Making Inference] Score 3 Criteria

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Able to make two logical inferences for each observation based on 3 criteria. Criteria: Thermometer change in temperature heat produced from respiration of yeast / anaerobic respiration Lime water change in CO2 produced by yeast from respiration of yeast / anaerobic respiration

Sample answers Observation 1: At 30 minutes, the temperature increased because heat was produced from the respiration of yeast / anaerobic respiration of yeast. Observation 2: At 0 minutes, the CO2 content in the lime water had not increased from the respiration of yeast / anaerobic respiration of yeast. . 2 Able to state any one inference correctly, or Able to state any two incomplete inferences. Able to state any one idea of inference. Not able to respond or wrong response.

1 0

(c) [KB0610 - Controlling Variable] Score 3 Criteria Able to state 5-6 of the variables and ways of operating the variables correctly. Variable Manipulated variable: The presence of yeast Responding variables: Production of heat / increase in temperature, and production of CO2 / change in lime water. Controlled variable: Volume / concentration of boiled glucose solution // Anaerobic condition Operating the variables How to alter the manipulated variable: Set A with yeast but Set B without yeast. How to determine responding variable Recording the thermometer reading in C, and the change in lime water.

How to maintain the controlled variable: Using the same volume / concentration of boiled glucose solution // Anaerobic condition (for both sets)

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2 1 0 Able to state any 3-4 correctly Able to state any 2 correctly Not able to respond or wrong response

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(d) [KB0611 - Making Hypothesis] Score 3 Criteria Able to state the hypothesis based on all three criteria correctly. Criteria: V1 : state the manipulated variable. V2 : state the responding variable R : relationship between V1 and V2 Sample answers: Yeast (V1) carries out anaerobic respiration (R) which produced heat / energy and carbon dioxide (V2). 2 Able to state three criteria incorrectly or any two criteria correctly Sample answer: Yeast (V1) carries out anaerobic respiration (R). Yeast (V1) produces heat / energy and carbon dioxide (V2). 1 Able to state hypothesis at idea level only Sample answer: Set A has more heat / energy and carbon dioxide (V2). 0 Not able to respond or wrong response

(e) (i) [KB 0606 - Communicating Skill] Score 3 Criteria Able to construct a table and record all the results of the experiment correctly based on the following criteria. Set / Presence of yeast Thermometer reading with correct unit Change in lime water All three criteria // Any 3 columns are recorded correctly. Any two criteria // Any 2 columns are recorded correctly. Not able to respond or wrong response.

2 1 0

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MARK SCHEME
(e) (ii) [KB0608 - Interpreting Data ] Score 3 Criteria

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Able to explain the relationship between the boiled glucose solution and paraffin oil used in the experiment of the anaerobic respiration process in yeast based on the following criteria. Criteria: F : state the relationship between: (i) boiled glucose solution used with the anaerobic respiration. (ii) paraffin oil used with the anaerobic respiration E: explanation Sample answer: The glucose solution is boiled to remove all the (dissolved) oxygen. Paraffin oil stops oxygen to enter (the solution). Anaerobic respiration occurs in condition without oxygen.

2 1 0

Able to explain the relationship based on any one correct criterion or any two inaccurate criteria. Able to state at idea level only Not able to respond or wrong response

(f) [KB0602 - Classification] Score 3 Criteria Able to categorise all the apparatus and materials correctly according their role in operating the variables in the experiment. Manipulated variable Yeast suspension Distilled water 2 1 0 Responding variable Thermometer Lime water Controlled variable Boiled glucose solution Paraffin oil

Able to categorise the apparatus and materials according to any two variables correctly. Able to categorise the apparatus and materials according to any one variable correctly. Not able to respond or wrong response.

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MARK SCHEME
(g) [KB0609 - Define Operationally] Score 3 Criteria

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Able to define operationally the term anaerobic respiration based on the following criteria. Criteria: C1 Respiration by yeast C2 Anaerobic condition / Condition without oxygen C3 Produce heat and carbon dioxide Sample answer: Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration carried out by yeast (C1) in the condition without oxygen (C2), which increases the temperature / thermometer reading and turns lime water chalky / produces heat and carbon dioxide (C3).

2 1 0

Able to define operationally the term anaerobic respiration based on any two criteria. Able to define operationally the term anaerobic respiration at idea level only. Not able to respond or wrong response

(h) (i) [KB0605 - Prediction] Score 3 Criteria Able to explain the prediction on the thermometer readings, based on the following criteria. Criteria: C1 Increase / higher than Set A C2 Any reading between 37 60 C C3 More yeast perform anaerobic respiration 2 1 0 Able to explain the prediction on the thermometer readings, based on any two of the criteria. Able to explain the prediction on the thermometer readings, based on any one of the criteria // Able to state at idea level only. Not able to respond or wrong response.

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MARK SCHEME

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(h) (ii) [KB0607 - Relationship between Space and Time ] Score 3 Criteria Able to explain the time taken for the lime water to turn chalky, based on the following criteria. Criteria: C1 Faster than Set A. C2 More CO2 produced. C3 More yeast performing anaerobic respiration // More yeast and glucose used 2 1 0 Able to explain the time taken for the lime water to change, based on any two of the criteria. Able to explain the time taken for the lime water to change, based on any one of the criteria // Able to state at idea level only. Not able to respond or wrong response

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MARK SCHEME

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2. Aspect Sample Answer Remarks

Aim/objective To determine the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis

Problem statement KB061201

Does the percentage/concentration of carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis?// What is the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis? Does carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis?

3 marks 2 marks 1 mark

Does carbon dioxide affect photosynthesis?

Hypothesis

As/When the concentration of carbon dioxide increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases until the rate becomes constant As/When the concentration of carbon dioxide increases the rate of photosynthesis increases.

3 marks 2 marks

KB061202

1 mark Carbon dioxide concentration influence/affect the rate of photosynthesis

Variables

Manipulated : Concentration of carbon dioxide Responding : The rate of photosynthesis// The number of bubbles released per minute Constant : Light intensity, temperature Size of plant

All variables corret 3 marks 2 variables correct 2 marks 1 variable correct 1 mark

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MARK SCHEME

4551/3 All present 3marks 2 materials and 2 app 2 marks One aquatic plant and a light source 1 mark

Materials : Elodea/Hydrilla , different concentration of Apparatus sodium bicarbonate, distilled water and materials Apparatus : Beaker, boiling tube, clip, table lamp KB061205

Technique

Observe and count the number of bubbles produced / released in 5 minutes by using stop watch. K1- How to set up the apparatus Choose 10 cm length of fresh Elodea Clip the tip with a paper clip and put it in the boiling with the clip down K2- How to operate the constant variable Pour 40 ml of 1% sodium bicarbonate solution into the boiling tube. Place the apparatus at a fix distant from a light source K3 How to operate the responding variable Count and record the number of bubbles released in 5 minutes K4 How to operate the manipulated variable Repeat S1 to S4 using different percentage of sodium bicarbonate solution K5 - Precaution Place the boiling tube in a beaker of water to maintain the temperature

Procedure KB061204

5K 3m 3-4 K 2 m 2K - 1m

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MARK SCHEME Observation MV (Percentage of sodium bicarbonate solution (%) 1 2 3 4 5 RV Number of bubbles released Rate of Photosynthesis (number of bubbles/minute)

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Headings and units are compulsary Present mv and rv (2 marks) Any 1 mv or rv (1 mark)

Conclusion

As/When the concentration of carbon dioxide increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases until the rate becomes constant

END OF MARK SCHEME

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