Pengertian Subjunctive

Subjunctive adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian. Namun topik Subjunctive ini berbeda dengan Conditional. Conditional adalah kalimat pengandaian juga namun perbedaannya adalah Conditional dilengkapi dengan syarat-syarat tertentu untuk mengandai-andai. Misalnya Aku akan mengundanya jika aku jadi kamu..Subjunctives adalah sebuah harapan di masa yang akan datang atau bentuk penyesalan dari harapan yang tak terwujud.

PEMBAGIAN SUBJUNCTIVES:

Present Subjunctives Past Subjunctives Past Perfect Subjunctives

STRUKTUR SUBJUNCTIVE
be (present) Dalam kalimat Non-Verbal, semua Subject dalam Present Subjunctive menggunakan be, tidak ada isamare.

I be you be he, she, it be we be you be they be

be (past) Dalam kalimat Non-Verbal, Semua subject dalam Past Subjunctives memakai were.

I were you were he, she, it were we were you were they were

Kata kerja lain (past & present) Semua kata kerja harus dalam bentuk Bare Infinitive yaitu tidak mendapat imbuhan apapun seperti s, es, ing, atau -ed.

I work you work he, she, it work we work

you work they work

PENGGUNAAN SUBJUNCTIVE
Kita menggunakan subjunctives ketika kita berbicara tentang suatu kegiatan yang sebenarnya tidak akan terjadi. Kita menggunakan subjunctive ketika berbicara tentang kegiatan yang seseorang:

Inginkan agar terjadi Harapkan akan terjadi Membayangkan akan terjadi

Contoh: The President requests that you be present at the meeting. It is vital that you be present at the meeting. If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy.

Subjunctive biasanya menggunakan kedua struktur berikut: Kata Kerja: ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest + that Ekspresi: it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that The manager insists that the car park be locked at night. (Bukan: Thecar park is locked) (Manager itu berharap agar semua area parkir dikunci pada malam hari) The board of directors recommended that he join the company. (BUKAN: The.that he could join) (Dewan DIreksi merekomendasikan agar dia dapat bergabung dengan Perusahaan)

Contoh:

1. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVES
Present Subjunctives adalah harapan di masa sekarang maupun di masa yang akan datang. Ciri-ciri dari Present Subjunctives adalah Kata Kerjanya dalam bentuk Bare Infinitive. Contoh:

May God bless you! (Semoga Tuhan memberkatimu) Have a good time! (Selamat bersenang-senang) Long live the President! (Semoga Presiden panjang umur!)

2. PAST SUBJUNCTIVES
Past Subjunctives adalah harapan yang tidak terwujud di masa sekarang. Ciri-ciri dari Past Subjunctives adalah Tenses yang digunakan dalam bentuk Past. Kata/Frase yang sering digunakan dalam Past Subjunctives adalah:

Wish If Only

As if As though Would rather Its time

WISH
Kata wish berfungsi untuk: a. Menunjukkan Future Time Rumus: S + wish + would/could + Verb Contoh:

Its raining. She wishes it would stop. (Hari sedang hujan. Dia berharap hujan akan berhenti) Faktanya: Sekarang masih hujan dan belum berhenti

I wish Fatimah could come. (Saya harap Fatimah bisa datang) Faktanya: Fatimah tidak bisa datang

b. Menunjukkan Present Time Rumus: S + wish + S + Past Verb Contoh:

They wish I were there. (Mereka berharap saya ada di sana) Faktanya: Saya tidak ada di sana

She wishes I would not come. (Dia berharap saya tidak akan datang) Faktanya: Saya akan datang

IF ONLY
If Only yang kita gunakan disini artinya adalah Seandainya. Contoh:

If only she were not here. (Seandainya dia tidak ada disini) If only they could speak English. (Seandainya mereka bisa berbicara bahasa Inggris)

WOULD RATHER
Selain dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan lebih suka, would rather dapat juga digunakan pada Subjunctives, yang artinya sama, lebih suka. Contoh:

I would rather you went now. (Saya lebih suka kamu pergi sekarang) They would rather I not call them. (Mereka lebih suka kalau saya tidak menelpon mereka)

AS IF / AS THOUGH
As if dan As though mempunyai fungsi dan arti yang sama, yaitu seolah-olah. Contoh:

Edi talks as if he knew everything. (Edi berbicara seolah-olah dia tahu segalanya) They act as though they were the real actors. (Mereka berakting seolah-olah merekalah aktor yang sebenarnya)

ITS TIME
Its time disini diartikan dengan Kini saatnya. Ada 2 pola dari Its Time, yaitu:

Its time + to infinitives Its time + Subjek + Past Form Its time to get up. (Waktunya bangun) Its time to go to the movie. (Saatnya pergi ke bioskop) Its time you sent the letter. (Waktunya kamu kirimkan surat itu) Its time I went to school. (Waktunya saya pergi ke sekolah)

Contoh:

3. PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVES

Past Perfect Subjunctives adalah sebuah ungkapan harapan yang tidak terwujud di masa lampau. Ciri-ciri dari Past Perfect Subjunctives adalah kata kerjanya dalam bentuk Past Perfect. Contoh:

I wished they had invited me. (Saya harap mereka telah mengundang saya) Faktanya: They didnt invite me.

You talked as if you had been there. (Kamu berbicara seolah-olah kamu ada di sana) Faktanya: You were not there.

They would rather I had called them. (Mereka lebih suka kalau saya sudah menghubungi mereka) Faktanya: I didnt call them.

If only I had rejected him. (Seandainya saya sudah menolaknya) Faktanya: I didnt reject him.

SITUASI TIDAK FORMAL

Pada situasi tidak formal, tidak ada aturan main seperti penjelasan di atas. Contoh:

She talked as if she was there. I wish she is here.

Pokoknya mau formal atau informal, jika kita menggunakan kata-kata seperti wish, as if, as though, would rather, its time dan if only, maka sebenarnya kita sudah menggunakan bentuk Subjunctives.

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Subjunctive adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian. Subjunctive/angan-angan digunakan untuk menyatakan serta untuk mengungkapkan harapan yang tidak dapat terpenuhi. Future Contoh : I wish you would stop saying that. (saya berharap kamu akan berhenti mengatakan itu) I wish she would come to my party to night (saya berharap dia akan dapat datang ke pesta saya minggu ini) Present Contoh : I wish you were old enough to marry me. (saya berharap sekarang ini umurmu cukup tua untuk menikahi saya) They wish they didnt have to go to school today. (mereka berharap sekarang ini mereka tidak harus pergi sekolah) Past

Rumus : S + wish + S + could/would + V/be

Rumus : S + wish + S + V2/were

Rumus : S + wished + S + had V3/could have V3

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Subjunctive adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk membayangkan akibat dari sesuatu yang tidak ada atau tidak terjadi, yang dapat berupa wish (harapan), requirements(kebutuhan), dan suggestion (saran). Atau dengan kata lain, makna kalimat subjunctive ini selalu berlawanan dengan kenyataan atau fakta. Kata-kata yang digunakan dalam subjunctive adalah wish (menginginkan/ mengharapkan),as if/ as though (seolah-olah), would rather (lebih suka), if only (seandainya/ jika saja). Fungsi Subjunctive As if/ as though digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan yang tidak benar kenyataan atau faktanya. Wish, would rather, dan if only digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu harapan atau keinginan. Rumus Penggunaan Subjunctive 1. Future Subjunctive

Future Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada masa yang akan datang, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Future Tense. Wish Contoh: I wish you would come to the party tonight. (Artinya: Saya berharap kamu akan datang ke pesta nanti malam.) (Faktanya: He will not come to the party tonight) CATATAN Walaupun jarang digunakan, tetapi Future Subjunctive terkadang masih sering kita jumpai, jadi lebih baik kita mengenalinya juga. Sebagai gantinya bisa menggunakan Present Subjunctive. 2. Present Subjunctive Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1

Present Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada masa sekarang, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense. Wish As if /As though Would rather If only CATATAN Subject (1) + would rather + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were If only + Subject + Verb 2 Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were Subject (1) + Verb 1 + as if + Subject (2) + Verb2 / were

Pada bentuk Present Subjunctive, kata kerja yang digunakan adalah bentuk ke-2 (VERB 2), dan jika harus menggunakan to be, harus menggunakan were untuk semua jenis Subject. Contoh: I wish you visited me. (Artinya: Saya berharap kamu mengunjungi saya.) (Faktanya: You dont visit me.) The girl dresses as if it were summer now. (Artinya: Perempuan itu berpakaian seolah-olah sekarang musim panas.) (Faktanya: it is not summer now.) Shelly would rather he told the truth. (Artinya: Shelly lebih suka dia mengatakan yang sebenarnya.) (Faktanya: He doesnt tell the truth.) If only she knew. (Artinya: Seandainya dia tau.) (Faktanya: She doesnt know.) 3. Past Subjunctive

Past Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada masa lampau, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense. Wish As if /As though Would rather If only Contoh: She wished (that) she had had more time last night. (Artinya: Dia berharap bahwa dia punya waktu lebih kemarin malam.) (Faktanya: She didnt have more time last night.) Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost. (Artinya: Jeff terlihat seolah-olah dia telah melihat hantu.) (Faktanya: He didnt see a ghost.) I would rather he had been here. (Artinya: Saya lebih suka dia sudah berada disini.) (Faktanya: He was not here.) If only Rachel had not been at home last night (Artinya: Seandainya Rachel sudah tidak ada di rumah kemarin malam.) (Faktanya: Rachel was at home last night.) Subject (1) + wished + Subject (2) + Had + Verb 3 / been Subject (1) + Verb 2 + as if + Had + Verb 3 / been Subject (1) + would rather + Subject 2 + Had + Verb 3 / been If only + Subject + Had + Verb 3 / been

Untuk informasi selengkapnya silahkan baca juga mengenai Fungsi dan Contoh SubjunctivePada Noun Clause (Klausa Nomina).

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Subjunctive adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian. Namun topik Subjunctive ini berbeda dengan Conditional. Conditional adalah kalimat pengandaian juga namun perbedaannya adalah Conditional dilengkapi dengan syarat-syarat tertentu untuk mengandai-andai. Misalnya "Aku akan mengundanya jika aku jadi kamu.". Berikut ini adalah penjelasan tentang Subjunctives. Struktur Subjunctive be (past) * I were * you were * he, she, it were * we were * you were * they were be (present) * I be * you be * he, she, it be * we be * you be * they be Kata kerja lain (past & present) * I work * you work * he, she, it work * we work * you work * they work Penggunaan Subjunctive Kita menggunakan subjunctives ketika kita berbicara tentang suatu kegiatan yang sebenarnya tidak akan terjadi. Kita menggunakan subjunctive ketika berbicara tentang kegiatan yang seseorang: * Inginkan agar terjadi

* Harapkan akan terjadi * Membayangkan akan terjadi Contoh: * The President requests that you be present at the meeting. * It is vital that you be present at the meeting. * If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy. Subjunctive biasanya menggunakan kedua struktur berikut: * Kata Kerja: ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest + that * Ekspresi: it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that Contoh: * The manager insists that the car park be locked at night. * The board of directors recommended that he join the company. * It is essential that we vote as soon as possible. * It was necessary that every student submit his essay by the weekend. Perhatikan bahwa struktur berikut ini, subjunctive-nya sama. Tidak masalah kalimat itu tenses-nya past atau present. Contoh: * Present: The President requests that they stop the occupation. * Past: The President requested that they stop the occupation. * Present: It is essential that she be present. * Past: It was essential that she be present. Kita selalu menggunakan were sebagai pengganti "was" setelah if (dan kata lainnya yang memiliki arti yang sama). Contoh: * If I were you, I would ask her. * Suppose she were here. What would you say?

Mengapa kita menggunakan "I were", "he were"? Kita sering mendengar orang berkata "if I were you, I would go" atau "if he were here, he would tell you". Memang normalnya adalah: I was, he was. Tetapi struktur if I were you tidak melihat Past Tense". Struktur tersebut hanya mengenal past subjunctive untuk "to be" nya. Perhatikan contoh kata-kata/frase di bawah ini untuk struktur di atas: * if * as if * wish

* suppose * If I were younger, I would go. (FORMAL) * If I was younger, I would go. (INFORMAL) * If he weren't so mean, he would buy one for me.(FORMAL) * If he wasn't so mean, he would buy one for me. (INFORMAL) * I wish I weren't so slow! (FORMAL) * I wish I wasn't so slow! (INFORMAL) * I wish it were longer. (FORMAL) * I wish it was longer. (INFORMAL) * It's not as if I were ugly. (FORMAL) * It's not as if I was ugly. (INFORMAL) * She acts as if she were Queen. (FORMAL) * She acts as if she was Queen. (INFORMAL) * If I were you, I should tell her. (FORMAL) * If I was you, I should tell her. (INFORMAL) Note: We do not normally say "if I was you", even in familiar conversation. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

EXPRESSING WISH ( SUBJUNCTIVE )

These are two kinds of Subjunctive: I. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE a. The use: To express wish very often involving supra natural power (doa ; kutukan) b. The form: The simple present tense, except there is s/es ending for the third person singular. Examples: God Bless you! Heaven be praised! God forgive us! Fuck you! God help us! Darm you! Bedakan: My father lives long. (present tense) Long live my father. (subjunctive) II. PAST SUBJUNCTIVE It is used to express a condition which is contrary to the real situation. We can used it by using: wish, if only, as if / as though, would rather / sooner, its (high) time . Pattern 1: Wish ( that ) + Subject + Past tense The use: It is used to express a regret (=penyesalan) about situation in the present. To express a condition which is contrary to the real situation in present. Examples: Fact / Situation Wish Sentences I wish (that)... I were not very tired. 1. Im very tired

2. My father is in the office now We wish (that) ... 3. The children are in the yard The teacher wishes (that) ... 4. We live in the country We wish (that) ... 5. My sister works in the evening She wishes (that) ... 6. I cant swim now I wish (that)... 7. She wont come to help you We wish (that) ... Note: To be in the Subjunctive is WERE for all subjects. --I wish she were here. Pattern 2: Wish ( that ) + Subject + Past perfect tense The use: It is used to express a regret about situation in the past. To express a condition which is contrary to the real situation in the past.

Examples: Fact / Situation 1. I wasnt at home yesterday 2. My father was so tired 3. The children were not at home 4. We lived in the small village 5. My sister worked very hard 6. I couldnt swim last year 7. She wouldnt help you

Wish Sentences I wish (that) ... I had been at home yesterday. We wish (that) ... The teacher wishes (that) ... We wish (that) ... She wishes (that) ... I wish(that) ... We wish(that) ...

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

EXERCISES 1. Supply appropriate completions in the following. The sun isnt shining. I wish the sun ... right now. ( were shining ) I didnt go shopping. I wish I ... shopping. I dont know how to dance. I wish I ... how to dance. You cant meet my parents. I wish you ... them. Jimmy didnt come to the meeting. I wish he ... to the meeting. My friend wont lend me her car. I wish she ... me her car tomorrow. The teacher is going to give us an exam tomorrow. I wish he ... us an exam tomorrow. My sister doesnt have enough money to buy a book. I wish she ... enough money. You didnt tell them about it. I wish you ... them about it. Martha is tired because she went to bed late last night. She wishes she ... to bed earlier last night. EXERCISES 2. Supply an appropriate auxiliary or verb in the following. Im not at home, but I wish I ... were I dont know her, but I wish I ... knew I cant sing well, but I wish I .... I didnt go, but I wish I ... He wont talk about it, but I wish he ... I didnt read that book, but I wish I ... I want to go, but I cant. I wish I ... I dont have a bicycle, but I wish I ... He didnt buy a ticket to the game, but he wishes he ... She cant speak English, but she wishes she ... It probably wont happen, but I wish it ...

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

12. 13. 14. 15.

He isnt old enough to drive a car, but he wishes he ... They didnt go to the movie, but they wish they ... I dont have a drivers license, but I wish I ... Im not living in an apartment, but I wish I ...

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untuk mengetahui penggunaan Subjunctive pada Noun Clause. Contoh Our teacher demands that we be on Pada Keterangan contoh kalimat pertama di

time. (Asalnya: we should be on time.) I insisted that he pay me the money. (Asalnya: money.) he should pay me the

samping, fungsi be adalahSubjunctive Verb. Subjunctive digunakan Clause yang kerja(verbs), dan Pada pada Noun

diikuti oleh kata kata sifat (adjectives),

I recommended that she not go to the concert. (Asalnya: concert.) It is important that they be told the truth. (Asalnya: truth.) they should be told the she should not go to the

ekspresi (expressions) tertentu. contoh kalimat di

samping, Subjunctive Verb digunakan hanya dalam bentuk sederhananya. Yakni, tidak mengandung unsur atau bentukpresent, past, atau future. Tidak juga jamak (plural), tunggal (singular) atau jadi tidak ada kata

penambahan s/-espada kerjanya (Verb).

Pada kalimat negatif: not + simple form (bentuk sederhana / dari Verb 1), seperti contoh ketiga. Pada kalimat pasif: bentuk

sederhana dari be + Verb 3, seperti contoh keempat. Subjunctive lebih sering digunakan pada American English daripada British English. Pada British English, (should, could, would) + Verb 1 lebih biasa digunakan daripada Subjunctive. Perhatikan contoh berikut: I suggested that she see a doctor. I suggested that she should see a doctor. untuk digunakan setelah

Penggunaan kata should mungkin kata suggest danrecommend.

Kata kerja (verbs) yang lazim diikuti oleh Subjunctive pada Noun Clause

demand (that), suggest (that), insist (that), recommend (that), request (that), advise (that), ask (that), propose (that) Kata sifat (adjectives) dan ekspresi (expressions) yang lazim diikuti

olehSubjunctive pada Noun Clause It is important (that), It is necessary (that), It is essential (that), It is vital (that), It is imperative (that) Fungsi dan Contoh Subjunctive Pada Noun Clause (Klausa Nomina) Perhatikan Tabel di bawah ini! Fungsi Untuk mengekspresikan kebutuhan(requirements) dan saran (suggestion)dengan kata kerja (verbs)yang menggunakan lazim diikuti Contoh Kalimat They requested that midnight. we not go after

Mr. Brian insists that we be careful in our writing. The doctor recommended that she stayin bed for a few days. The students suggested we have class

oleh Subjunctive padaNoun Clause, yakni: demand (that), suggest (that), insist (that), recommend (that), request (that), advise (that), ask (that), propose (that).

outside. She asked that we be sure to lock the door behind us. Untuk mengekspresikan It is necessary that kebutuhan(requirements) dengan menggunakan kata sifat (adjectives) dan ekspresi(expressions) yang lazim diikuti olehSubjunctive pada Noun Clause, yakni: It is important (that), It is necessary (that), It is essential (that), It is vital (that), It is imperative (that). It is vital that no one know about the secret government operation. It is necessary that everyone come here on time. It is essential that controlledand eliminated. pollution be eventually be

everyone come here on time.

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Subjunctive Wish - If only - Would rather

The past tense is sometimes used in English to refer to an 'unreal' situation. So, although the tense is the past, we are usually talking about the present, e.g. in a Type 2 conditional sentence: If an elephant and a mouse fell in love, they would have many problems. Although fell is in the past tense, we are talking about a hypothetical situation that might exist now or at any time, but we are not referring to the past. We call this use the unreal past. Other situations where this occurs are:

after other words and expressions like 'if' (supposing, if only, what if); after the verb 'to wish'; after the expression 'I'd rather..'

Expressions like 'if'

The following expressions can be used to introduce hypothetical situations: - supposing, if only, what if. They are followed by a past tense to indicate that the condition they introduce is unreal: Supposing an elephant and a mouse fell in love? (= but we know this is unlikely or impossible) What if we painted the room purple? (= that would be very surprising)

If only I had more money. (= but I haven't).

These expressions can also introduce hypothetical situations in the past and then they are followed by the past perfect.

Examples

If only I hadn't kissed the frog (= I did and it was a mistake because he turned into a horrible prince, but I can't change it now.) What if the elephant had trodden on the mouse? (She didn't, but we can imagine the result!) Supposing I had given that man my money! (I didn't, so I've still got my money now.)

The verb to wish

The verb to wish is followed by an 'unreal' past tense when we want to talk about situations in the present that we are not happy about but cannot change: I wish I had more money (=but I haven't) She wishes she was beautiful (= but she's not)

We wish we could come to your party (but we can't)

When we want to talk about situations in the past that we are not happy about or actions that we regret, we use the verb to wish followed by the past perfect: I wish I hadn't said that (= but I did) He wishes he hadn't bought the car (= but he did buy it.)

I wish I had taken that job in New York (= but I didn't, so I'm stuck in Bristol)

NOTE: When we want to talk about situations we are not happy about and where we want someone else to change them, we use to wish followed by would + infinitive: I wish he would stop smoking. (= I don't like it, I want him to change it)

I wish you would go away. (= I don't want you here, I want you to take some action) I wish you wouldn't squeeze the toothpaste from the middle! (= I want you to change your

habits.)

I'd rather and it's time...

These two expressions are also followed by an unreal past. The verb is in the past tense, but the situation is in the present.

When we want to talk about a course of action we would prefer someone else to take, we use I'd rather + past tense: I'd rather you went

He'd rather you called the police I'd rather you didn't hunt elephants.

NOTE: the stress can be important in these sentences, to show what our preference is: I'd rather you went = not me,

I'd rather you went = don't stay He'd rather you called the police = he doesn't want to He'd rather you called the police = not the ambulance service

Similarly, when we want to say that now is a suitable moment to do something, either for ourselves or for someone else, we use it's time + past tense: It's (high) time I went. It's time you paid that bill.

Don't you think it's time you had a haircut?

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Subjunctive 1
06MAR
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kamu pasti pernah mengalami suatu kejadian yang nggak sesuai dengan yang kamu harapkan. Akhirnya kamu cuma bisa berharap terjadi sebaliknya atau berandai-andai saja. Misalnya, 1. Saya berharap bisa mengerjakan test dengan baik. ( Faktanya: saya nggak bisa kerjakan tes dengan baik sekarang) I wish I could do the test well. 2. Saat ini saya tidak tahu jawaban yang benar , tapi saya sungguh berharap saya tahu . I don`t know the correct answer now, but I really wish I knew 3. Para pelajar berharap gurunya tidak marah sama mereka kemarin. (faktanya: kemarin mereka dimarahi sama gurunya) The students wished their teacher hadn`t been angry with them.

Jadi ketika kamu berharap ungkapkan dengan: 1. wish + Past Tense (untuk harapan yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan sekarang ini. Lihat contoh a dan b di atas)

2. wish + Past Perfect (Untuk harapan yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan yang terjadi tadi, baru saja, kemarin,tadi malam, atau yang lalu. Lihat contoh c)

sedangkan untuk berandai-andai , gunakan pola: 1. If only + Past Tense . (Berandai-andai sekarang/ saat ini) Contoh: Andai dia bisa kesini hari ini. ini dia tidak bisa kesini) If only she could be here today

(Faktanya: hari

2. If only+Past Perfect. (Berandai-andai tadi, barusaja,kemarin,tadi malam,atau yang lalu) Contoh Andai anaknya telah belajar lebih giat tadi malam . (Faktanya : Tadi malam anaknya tidak belajar giat) If only his son had studied harder last night

Tidak jarang kamu juga menemui teman yang sok tahu atau kita sebut saja Mr.Know-all. Dia seakanakan tahu semuanya. So ,ketika kamu ingin mengungkapkan bahwa apa yang dia atau mereka perbuat atau katakan tidak sesuai dengan fakta yang sebenarnya, gunakan: As if. atau as though(seakan-akan/ seolah-olah) Misalnya ,

1. As if + Past Tense (faktanya berlawanan dengan kondisi saat ini) Contoh Pak Bual ngomong seakan-akan dia tahu segalanya. (faktanya dia nggak tahu apa-apa) Mr. Bual talked as though he knew everything

2. As if + Past Perfect) ( faktanya berlawanan dengan kenyataan tadi, baru saja, kemarin, tadi malam atau yang lalu) Contoh Kemarin Jesica melihatku seolah-olah dia nggak kenal aku sebelumnya. (fakta sebenarnya dia kenal aku sebelumnya. Dia hanya pura-pura tidak kenal) Yesterday Jesica saw me as if she hadn`t recognized me before.
Subjunctive dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok besar, yaitu: (1) Subjunctive (hope) a) Future Subjunctive b) Present Subjunctive c) Past Subjunctive (2) Subjunctive if only a) Present Subjunctive

b) Past Subjunctive (3) Subjunctive would rather (preference) a) Present Subjunctive b) Past Subjunctive

Catatan Penting: *) pada subjunctive haruslah ada wish/wishes dan S1 (siapa saja yang berharap). Jika I, you, we, they maka wish. Jika he, she, it, maka wishes. *) Saat fakta dalam keadaan kalimat positif maka, subjunctive dalam keadaan kalimat negatif, begitu pun sebaliknya. *) Kata was diganti dengan were.

Di Subjunctive (hope) terbagi dalam 3 tensis,

1. Future Subjunctive ialah faktanya berbentuk future. example 1 : He wishes I brought a candy to him next week. S1 wish S2 V2 O Fact 1 : I will not bring a candy to him next week. S2 modal V1 O C example 2 : They wish I could not went to party tonight. S1 wish S2 canv2 V2 O Fact 2 : I can go to party tonight. S2 can V1 O C

Keterangan: S1 subjek (noun), wish/wishes, wish jika subjeknya I, you, we, they, dan wishes jika subjeknya he, she, it. S2 subjek (noun), O objek dari S2, dan C keterangan. *) Modal pada fakta yaitu present future, bisa can/can't atau will/won't. Dan di subjunctive-nya haruslah past future, could not (-) dan could (+) untuk can. V2 (+) dan didn't + V2 (-) untuk will. *) Verb (kata kerja) jika pada fakta V1 maka pada subjunctivenya V2. 2. Past Subjunctive ialah faktanya berbentuk past (lampau) example : He wishes I had not bought a car last night. S1 wish S2 havev2 V3 O C fact : I bought a car last year. S2 V1 O C *) Verb. Di fakta haruslah V2 dengan keterangan waktu (C) lampau seperti last, ago, before, dan sebagainya. Jika (+) maka verb-nya harus V2 dan jika (-) maka didn't + V1. Dan pada subjunctive-nya haruslah past perfect (bingunng??) yang rumusnya S + had + V3. Jika (+) maka setelah S2 harus ada had + V3 dan apabila (-) maka harus hadn't +

V3. 3. Present Subjunctive ialah kata yang faktanya Present (sekarang). example : I wish He didn't cut a paper. S wish S didnt v1 O fact : He cut a paper. S v1 O *) Verb. pada fakta jika (+) maka harus V1 dan jika (-) harus ada don't untuk I, you, we, they dan doesn't untuk He, she, it. Dan pada sybjunctive-nya, jika (+) maka V2 dan jika (-) maka didn't + V1. Singkatnya kalau faktanya present maka subjunctivenya past, jika past maka subjunctive-nya past perfect. So, fakta tidak mungkin past perfect dan subjunctive tidak mungkin present. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

subjunctive
Sesuai dengan ruang lingkup materi, kalimat subjunctive yang diperkenalkan dalam bab ini adalah kalimat subjunctive yang menggunakan wish(ingin), if only (jika,hanya jika),would rather(lebih suka) dan as if atau as though (seolah-olah). Kalimat subjunctive yang menggunakan wish,if only dan would rather digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keinginan. Sedang kalimat subjunctive yang menggunakan as if atauas though digunakan untuk menyatakan sifat atau keadaan yang tidak benar adanya. Kata kerja atau to be yang digunakan dalam kalimat subjunctive selalu dalam bentuk Past Tense, baik Simple Past maupun Past Perfect Tense. Bentuk Kalimat Subjunctive Dan Fakta 1. Present Subjunctive Kalimat subjunctive ini menunjukkan pada keadaan sekarang. Kata kerja yang digunakan dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense. To be untuk semua kata ganti adalah were. Contoh I wish she were here (faktanya : she isnt here) He wishes I went to the meeting (faktanya : I dont go to the meeting) If only they were my friends (faktanya : They arent my friends) If only he didnt ask me (faktanya : He asks me). He behaves as if he were the owner of the hotel (faktanya : He isnt the owner of the hotel). She stares at me as though she didnt know me (faktanya : She knows me) 2. Past Subjunctive Past Subjunctive menunjukkan pada keadaan waktu lampau. Kata kerja yang digunakan bentuknya Past Perfect Tense. Contoh I wish she had been here (faktanya : She wasnt here). He wishes I had gone to the meeting (faktanya : I didnt go to the meeting).

 If only they had been my friends (faktanya : They were not my friends). If only he hadnt asked me (faktanya : He asked me). She would rather he had been at home with me yesterday (faktanya : He wasnt at home with me yesterday) I would rather you had told me the news(faktanya : You didnt tell me the news). He behaved as if he had been the owner of the hotel (faktanya : he wasnt the owner of the hotel). She stared at me as thogh she hadnt known me (faktanya : She knew me). 3. Subjunctive would rather untuk pilihan lebih suka 1. a. Present tense

subject + would rather (that) + subject + past tense b. I would rather you told me the news (faktanya : You dont tell me the news) Ali would rather it were not cold now (faktanya : It is cold now) He would rather you came to the party (faktanya : You dont come to the party) I would rather you paid by cash (faktanya : You dont pay by cash) Past tense

subjek + would rather (that) + subjek + past perfect Ali would rather Ahmad had gone to class yesterday (faktanya : Ahmad didnt go to class yesterday) Budi would rather that it had not been cold last night (faktanya : It was cold last night) 4. Indikator subjunctive

subject + verb (that) + subject + present verb Jenis kata kerja yang sering digunakan adalah

Advise Ask Command Decreed Desire Demand Insist Move Order Prefer Propose Recommend

Require Stipulate Suggest Urge

When a patients blood pressure is much higher than it should be, a doctor usually insist that he not smoke (asalnya should not smoke) The doctor suggested (that) his patient stop smoking (asalnya his patient should not smoke) The manager asks that people in the theatre not smoke (asalnya should not smoke) Alis advisor moves that the meeting be adjourned (penasehat Ali mengusulkan agar pertemuan ditunda) @ Catatan Kata that dapat dihilangkan dari kalimat tersebut Juga dapat digunakan dengan pola It + be + adjective verb + (that) + subject + present verb Adapun verb/ adjective yang sering digunakan untuk susunan kalimat ini

Advised Important Mandatory Necessary Obligatory Proposed Recommended Required Suggested Urgent Imperative

It is necessary that he find the books (asalnya his patient should find the books) It was suggested that the meeting be adjourned (asalnya should be adjourned) It was urgent that she leave at once (asalnya she should leave at once) It is important that you remember this rule (asalnya you should remember this rule) It has been proposed that we not change the topic (asalnya we should not change the topic)

Subjunctive digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian , keinginan ataupun kenyataan yang bertentangan dengan apa yang sesungguhnya ada atau terjadi .

1. Wish a. Future Pola : [Subject + wish(that) + subject + would/could + V1] I wish you would stop saying that . b. Present Pola : [Subject + wish(that) + subject + V2/were] We wish that you were old enough to come with us . c. Past Pola : [Subject + wished(that) + subject + had + V3] She wished that she had had more time during the exams . 2. As if / as though a. Present Pola : [S1 + V1 + as if / as though + S2 + V2 + S + V2] The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in summer . b. Past Pola : [S + V2 + as if / as though + S + had + V3] Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost . 3. Would Rather a. Present Pola : [S1 + would rather + S2 + V2 + ket. Waktu sekarang] Jane would rather it were winter now . b. Past Pola : [S1 + would rather + S2 + had V3 + ket. Waktu sekarang] Jim would rather it were winter now