Phrase adalah kelompok kata yang berhubungan dan tidak mempunyai subject dan predikat, dan digunakan sebagai

bagian tunggal dalam kalimat. Participle adalah kata kerja yang berbentuk V+ing atau VIII. Bentuk yang berakhiran ing atau present participle dijumpai pada predikat kalimat denagn tense continuous sedangkan bentuk yang berakhiran ed atau bentuk ke tiga atau past participle dijumpai pada kalimat dengan tense perfect dan kalimat pasif. Participle phrase berarti frase yang dicirikan denagn adanya bentuk participle diawalnya. Polanya : PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V+ing) + COMPLEMENTS Example : Lying on the beach, the man fell asleep. PAST PARTICIPLEC(VIII) + COMPLEMENT Example : Found in the street, the kitten was nearly dead from hunger and cold. Fungsi : - Sebagai adjective, participial phrases menerangkan subject yang muncul setelahnya (terletak setelah koma) bila muncul di awal kalimat (mendahului kalimat utama) atau menerangkan subjek yang muncul sebelumnya, dengan koma bila muncul di tengah kalimat atau tanpa koma bila muncul di akhir kalimat. Contoh: - Standing alone , the man found no one to talk with. - The man, standing alone, found no one to talk with. - No one talk with the man standing alone. Sesuai dengan jenis kalimatnya, pasif atau aktif, rumusnya adalah :

ACTIVE FORM Bentuk Umum Being + VIII Perfect Form Having been + Ving Active (present) Participle

PASSIVE FORM V + ing VIII

Having + VIII

Having been VIII

Pada active participle kata kerja berfungsi sebagai kata sifat. Bentuk umum : V + ing Active participle dapat digunakan sebagai : 1. Noun modifier Before noun (aktifitas) Example : - The reading man as my teacher. - The crying boy is naughty. After noun Example : - The man reading in the room si my teacher 2. Clause modifier Menyatakan dua pekerjaan pada waktu yang bersamaan Example : - Walking to school, I met her. Menyatakan sebab

Example : - Coming late, he was punished. - Being old he walks slowly. Satu pekerjaan mendahului pekerjaan lain Example : - Having written some letters, he posted them.

Phrase is a group of related words and did not have subject and predicate, and is used as a single part of the sentence. Participle is a verb form V + ing or VIII. Form ending in-ing or present participle found in the predicate phrase denagn whereas continuous tense forms ending in-ed or form into three or past participle phrase found in the perfect tense and passive voice.

Participle phrase means denagn phrases that characterized the participle form at the beginning. The pattern is: PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V+ing) + COMPLEMENTS

Example: Lying on the beach, the man fell asleep. PAST PARTICIPLEC(VIII) + COMPLEMENT

Example: Found in the street, the kitten was nearly dead from hunger and cold. Function: - As an adjective, participial phrases that explain the subject came after (conveniently after the comma) when it appears at the beginning of a sentence (sentence precedes the main) or explain a subject that came before, with a coma when they appear in the middle of a sentence or without coma when they appear at the end of the sentence. Example: - Standing alone, the man found no one to talk with. - The man, standing alone, found no one to talk with. - No one talk with the man standing alone. According to the type of sentence, passive or active, the formula is:

ACTIVE FORM From General Being + VIII Perfect Form Having been + Ving

PASSIVE FORM V + ing VIII

Having + VIII

Having been VIII

Active (present) Participle On active participle verb functioning as an adjective. The general form: V + ing

Active participle can be used as: 1. Noun modifier Before noun (activity) Example: - The reading man as my teacher. - The crying boy is naughty. After noun Example: - The man reading in my room the teacher 2. Clause modifier State two jobs at the same time Example: - Walking to school, I met her. Declare cause Example: - Coming late, he was punished. - Being old he walks slowly.

 One job precedes another job Example: - Having written some letters, he posted them.