LANGUAGE USAGE & GRAMMER

What can we see in the picture ?

We can see some boys, some girls, some birds, a dog, a road, apond, a tree and car.
They are the names of people, animals, places and things.
What do we call these words ?
We call them nouns.
girls

Nouns are the names of people, animals, places and things.

EXERCISE 1 – NOUNS

Fill in the blank with the right words in the brackets. Then write out each sentence.

birds dog e.g. A ………makes tables. (doctor, butcher, carpenter)

A carpenter makes tables.

1. A ……… makes clothes. (tailor, soldier, miner)

2. A ……… looks after sick people. (teacher, farmer, nurse)
pond
road 3. ……….. guack. ( parrots, monkeys, ducks)
4. A …….. hisses. (rabbit, wolf, snake)
5. ………… tick. (clocks, guns, coins)
6. A ……. Rings. (drum, whistle, bell)
tree car 7. A king lives in a ……. (house, palace, tent)
8. Spiders live in ………..( webs, dens, nests)
9. wild animals are kept in a ……………( zoo, castle, stable)
10. a young dong is called a ……………. (lamb, puppy, kitten)
EXERCISE 2 – NOUNS 10. The lorry went off the road. ( )
EXERCISE 2 – NOUNS
Pick out the nouns in these sentences and write them in the brackets.
Fill in the blank with the right words in the brackets. Then write out each sentence.
e.g. Her brother Is a doctor. ( )
Her brother is a doctor. ( brother, doctor) e.g. She is reading a ……….
She is reading a book
1. His father is always busy. ( )
2. Have you a servant? ( )
3. The dog barked at the man. ( )
4. The teacher talked to the girl. ( ) Field sty book flour fishermen
5. Our gardener has a daughter. ( ) Nice kithcen postman flowers lion
6. My uncle has a parrot. ( )
7. The fairy spoke to the princess. ( ) 1. Cats catch ………….
8. The hunter has killed a tiger. ( ) 2. Bread is made of ……….
9. My niece is a clener girl. ( ) 3. A …………..roars.
10. Cats like to eat fish. ( ) 4. She is picking ……. In the garden.
5. Pigs are kept in a ……….
EXERCISE 1 – NOUNS 6. The …………. Us letters.
7. They swam and pleyed in the…………..
Pick out the nouns in these sentences and write them in the brackets. 8. The …….. Have caught a lot of fish.
9. The children are playing in the …….
e.g. She bought some vegetables at the market.. ( ) 10. Mother is cooking in the ………
She bought some vegetables at the market.. ( vegetables, market)
)
1. Who has taken my pencil ? ( )
2. That window is broken. ( )
3. There are two tables in the room. ( )
4. The oranges are in the basket. ( )
5. Please put this bag in the car. ( )
6. Are there any sweets in the box? ( )
7. The kite is fliying high in the sky. ( )
8. This glass is full of milk. ( )
9. The wind is blowing the clouds away. ( )
 Look at the picture.
Can you name the nouns wich can be counted ?
We can count cows, trees and houses.
They are called countable nouns.
Which are the nouns that cannot be counted?
We cannot count grass and water.
They are called uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns are nouns which can be counted.
Uncontable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted.

A book much water

An apple a little rice
COUNTABLE AND UNCONTABLE NOUNS A few pencils some chalk
Many boys any milk
Several ducks a lot of ducks
Some pictures plenty of water
Name the
Any boxes words wich go with countableanouns.
great amount of flour
The words are,
Plenty of cahairs a, an, a few, many, several,
a greatsome, any,
deal of plenty of, a lot of, and a large
sugar
number of.
A lot of flowers a large number of birds
Which are the words that go with uncontable nouns?
A little, much, some, any, plenty of, a lot of, a large amount of, and a great deal of go with
uncontables nouns.
Do oyu know the words which don’t go with uncontable nouns?
They are a, an, a few and many.
A little and much don’t go with countable nouns.

A, an, a few, several, many, some, plenty of, a lot of and a large
number of go with countable nouns. A little, much, some, plenty of, a
lot of, a large amount of and great deal of go with uncontable nouns. A
and an never go with uncontable nouns.
EXERCISE 4 - COUNTABLE AND UNCONTABLE NOUNS 8. How ……… eggs have you bought?
9. Is there ……… people in your house?
Put ‘a’ or ‘an’ in the blanks. Do not write anything if it is not necessary. 10. Are there ……… people in your house?

e.g. …………. Belt is made of ………….leather. EXERCISE 7– COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
a belt is made of leather
Fill in the blank with the right words in the brackets. Then write out each sentence.

1. That is ……. Bag of ………….. Rice. e.g. There are ……….. stampes on the envelope.
2. This ……….. Bottle of …………….. Ink. There are few stamps on the envelope.
3. …………….. Cat has …………….tail.
4. That farmer has ………….. OX.
5. …………. Tree needs …………… water. 1. There are ……… rats in my house.
6. He caught …………… fish. 2. There is ……… water on the floor.
7. There is …………. Dust on the floor. 3. There is ………. Bread in the cupboard.
8. ………………. Book is made of ………….. Paper. 4. There are ……….. Coff e in my pocked.
9. She is dringking …….. Cup of……….. Tea. 5. Mary bought ……….. Eggs yesterday.
10. ………. Monkey is ……….. Animal. 6. Pul drank …………. Coffee just now.
7. I have …….. Butter in the kitchen.
8. There are ……….. Flowers in the vase.
9. He was not hungry. He ate only ……. Of the rice.
EXERCISE 5 – COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 10. I haven’t much time. I have only ……….. Minutes left.

Fill in the blank with the right words in the brackets. Then write out each sentence.

e.g. There isn’t …………… tea in the flask. EXERCISE 6– COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
There isn’t much tea in the flask.
Fill in the blank with the right words in the brackets. Then write out each sentence.

1. There are …….. Eggs in the nest. e.g. There aren’t ……….. nails in the box.
2. There are ……... Boys in the hall. There aren’t any nails in the box.
3. There isn’t …….. Ink in the bottle.
4. There isn’t …… water in the well.
5. We haven’t put …….. Books on the shelf. 1. There is ……. Ice in the glass.
6. The farmer hasn’t ……… pigs. 2. There isn’t ……… tea in the pot.
7. How ………. Tea is there in the pot? 3. There are ………. Children in the garden.
4. There aren’t ………. Pictures on the wall.
5. He hasn’t ………. Money in his pocket.
6. She has ………. New stamps to show me. 1. There is a lot of sand on the floor.
7. Is there ……… milk in the jug? 2. There is plenty of dust on the cupboard.
8. Are there ……. Snails in the garden? 3. There are several pens in the drawer.
9. ………. Of the dogs are barking. 4. There is a great deal of rubbish in the dubstin.
10. ……….. Of the books were lost. 5. There are a lot of flowers for sale.
6. There is great deal of ink in the bottle.
EXERCISE 8 – COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 7. There are plenty of nails in the box.
8. There are several chairs in the hall.
Fill in the blank with the right words in the brackets. Then write out each sentence. 9. There are a lot of trees in the garden.
10. There is plenty of butter on the plate.
e.g. He has a large ………. Of books in this library.
He has a large number of books in this library.

1. I have a small ………. Of money in the bank.

2. They have a large …….. Of toys in the shop.
3. He has a small …….. Of oil the tin.
4. They have a small ……… of pictures in their room.
5. I saw a large ………. Of people at the concert.
6. He bought a large ……… of rice from the shop..
7. There was a large …….. Of sugar in the sack.
8. He has collected a large ……. Of shells in the seaside.
9. There was a large ………. Of sand by the roadside.
10. He has a large ………… of stamps in his album.

EXERCISE 9 – COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Fill in the blank with the right words in the brackets. Then write out each sentence.

e.g. 1. There is not a lot of water in the jug.

There is not much water in the jug. DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
2. There are several bicycles by the gate.
There are not many bicycles bay the gate.
 EXERCISE 10 – DEMOSTRATIVE PRONAOUNS

Choose the correct word.then write out each setence.

e.g. (this/these)are my pencils.

These are my pencils.

1. (that/Those) is my sister over there.

2. (this/These) is for you.
3. (this/That) is my aunt sitting next to me.
4. (those/that) is my dog lying over there.
5. (these/Those) are his books on the shelf up there.
6. (this/these) are my stamps over here.
Look at the picture above. 7. (those/these) are your presents of the room.
Is David near his bicylcle? 8. (those/these) is my pen. Please get it for me.
Yes, he is. 9. (these/that) is jhon sitting under the tree.
Is Sally close te her doll? 10. (that/this) is sally’s dress I am wearing.
No, she isn’t. 11. (these/those) are your books over there.
No, she isn’t. 12. (these/this) are your toys on my lap.
Demostrative pronouns are used to show how near or far an object is. They consist of this, that,
these, and those.
If you are refering to only one object and it is near, you use ‘this’. GENDER
It the object is far, you use’ that’.
Brother sister
For singular nouns that are, use ‘this’. For singular nouns that are far, use’ that’. Man woman
Bull cow
Tiger tigress
If you are refering to more than one object anf they are near, you use ‘these’.
If the object are far, use ‘ those’. Read the nouns on the left.
Of what sex are they?
They are males.
For plural nouns that are near, use ‘these’. For plupural nouns that are far,use They are of the masculine gender.
‘those’. Are the nouns on the right males or females?
They are females.
They are of the feminine gender. 1. milkman milkmaid
2. hero ………..
Nouns showing the male sex belong to the Masculine Gender. Nouns 3. ……….. duck
4. ……….. witch
showing the female sex belong to the Feminine Gender.
5. sir ……….
6. manager ……….
Here is a list of words for you to learn. 7. ………. Goose
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine 8. stepfather ……….
(1) bachelor spinster husband wife 9. ……….. wife
Boar sow king gueen 10. waiter ……….
Boy girl lord lady 11. boar ………
Brother sister man woman 12. ……… goddess
Bull cow monk nun
Cock hen nephew niece EXERCISE 12 – GENDER
Dog bitch papa mama Rewrite these sentences changing the words in bold from Masculine to Feminine.
Drake duck sir madam
Drone bee son daughter
Father mother stallion mare e.g. My father knows your uncle.
Gander goose uncle aunt
My mother knows your aunt.
Gentlemen lady widower widow
Hero heroin wizard witch
(2) author authores manager manageres
God goddess prince princess 1. There are four bulls in the farm
(3) duke duchess tiger tigress 2. I like to be a boy scout.
Actor actress waiter waitress 3. That is may uncle.
Emperor empress master mistrees 4. This my husband.
(4) boy Scount Girl guide manservant maidservant 5. This man has two sons.
Bridgeroom bride milkman milkmaid 6. The king spoke to the duke.
Grandfather grandmother stepfather stepmother 7. The headmaster scolded the boys.
Headmaster haedmistress stepson stepdaughter 8. That waiter served my brother.
Host hostess 9. The bridgroom is an actor.

EXERCISE 11 – GENDER EXERCISE 13 – GENDER

Fill in the blanks with the Masculine or Feminine Gender of these words. The first one done for Rewrite these sentences changing the words in bold from Masculine to Feminine.
you.
Masculine Feminine e.g. The actress met the duchess.
The actor met the duke.
My mother knows your aunt.
1. That the lady is my aunt.
2. The nun was parying in the temple.
3. Your sister gave it to her.
4. She said.”Goodbye, madam.”
5. Her grandmother is kind.
6. My niece killed the bee.
7. The widow has two daugthers.
8. My mistress is a spinster.
9. The tigress killed the heroine.
10. Her mother is talking to the waitress.

POSSESIVE NOUNS

The nouns girl and lizard are singular.

The pictures show that something belongs to each of these two nouns.
What is added to girl to show that the book belongs to her?
An apostrophe s(‘s) is adden.
What is added to lizard to show that the tail belongs to it?
An apostrophe s(‘s) is also added.
The words girl’s and lizard’s are called Possessive Nouns.
 When a plural does not end in s, we show possession by adding an apostrophe s (‘s)
When the nouns is singular, we show possession by adding and apostrophe’s (‘s).

Ail and car are non-living things.

Boys’ mis the possesive form of the plural noun boys and birds’ is the possesive form of birds. What words do we use with them to show possession?
What letter do boys and birds end in? We use the words’of the ‘
They end in s.
An apostrophe (‘) is added to these nouns to show possession. When the noun is a non-living thing, we show possession by using ‘of the’

When a plural noun ends is s, we show possesion by adding an apostrophe (‘)

EXERCISE 14 – POSESSIVE NOUNS (THE APOSTROPHE)

e.g. The shell belonging to the snail.

The snail’s shell.
Mens’s is the possesive form of the plural noun men ; children’s is the possessive form of Write out the following in another way using the necessary marks.
children.
Do the nouns men and children end in s? 1. The pen belonging to Jhon
No, they don’t. 2. The cat belonging to Susan
We add anapostrophe s (‘s) to such nouns to show possession. 3. The skirt belonging to Lydia
4. The car belonging to Mr. Chen
5. The hat belonging to the hawker 6. Those are the children balls.
6. The bag belonging to my sister 7. Those are the babies spoons.
7. The shoes belonging to lady 8. These are the ladies tails.
8. The cup belonging to the baby 9. These are the donkeys tails.
9. The eyes belonging to the owl 10. Those are the monkeys tails.
10. The claws belonging to tha cat
EEXERCISE 17 - POSSESIVE NOUNS (THE APOSTROPHE)
Fill in the blank with the rignt words.
EXERCISE 15 – POSSESSIVE NOUNS ((THE APOSTROPHE)
Write out the following in another way using the necessary marks.
e.g. this is a baby’s toy. These are …………….
e.g. The toys belonging to the babies This is a baby’s toy. These are babies’ toys.
the babies’ toys
1. This is boy’s shoe. These are ……………..shoes
1. The legs belonging to the goats 2. That is a girl’s bag. Those are ……………. Bags
2. The feet belonging to the ducks 3. This is a lady’s handbag These are …………….. Handbags
3. The shoes belonging to the boys 4. That is a bird’s feather. Those are …………….. Feathers.
4. The cow belonging to the farmers 5. That is a bird’s feather. Those are ……………. Feathers.
5. The caps belonging to the sailors 6. That is a man’s hat. Those are ……………. Shells.
6. The tails belonging to the monkeys 7. This is a woman’s glove. These are ……………. Gloves.
7. The books belonging to the pupils
8. The cars belonging to the teachers
9. The horns belonging to the bulls EXERCISE 18 - POSSESIVE NOUNS (THE APOSTROPHE)
10. The bags belonging to the women Rewrite each sentence putting in the necessary marks to the words in bold.

EXERCISE 16 – POSSESIVE NOUNS (THE APOSTROPHE) 1. Our neigbours dogs are barkling very loudly.
Add the necessary to the words in bold. 2. He pulled the elephant trunk.
3. Where are the girls shoes?
1. e.g. These are the men hats. These are 4. Those are the policemen boots.
These are the men’s hats. the 5. Have you met mary father?
postmen 6. The tiger claws are sharp.
caps. 7. The fishermen boat sank.
2. Those are the women hats. 8. She is washing her sisters clothes.
3. Those are the workmen tools.
4. These are the milkmen tools.
5. These are the oxen tails EXERCISE 19 - POSSESIVE NOUNS (THE APOSTROPHE)
Finish the sentence on the right.

e.g. A clock has a face. This is the …………. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

A clock has a face. This is the face of the clock.
Can you name all the words used with the nouns in the pictures ?
1. A books has a cover. This is the …………. They are my, your, our, his, her, its and their.
2. An axe has a handle. This is the …………. These words are adjectives.
3. A bottle has a neck This is the ………….. What do they show ?
4. A box has a neck. This is the ………….. They show possession.
5. A bicycle has two wheels. These are the ………. We call these words Possessive Adjectives.
6. A chair has four legs. These are the ………
7. This desk has two drawers. These are the ……….. Possessive Adjectives are adjectives which show possession.

e.g. the boy shirt is dirty.

The boy’s shirt is dirty.
EXERCISE 20 - POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Fill in the blanks with the right Possessive Adjectives.

Eg. He has a car. This is ……….car

He has a car. This is his car.

1. I have a pen. This is ……..pen

2. She has a bag. This is .…….bag
3. We have made a kite. That is ………kite
4. The dog has a bone. That is ……..bone
5. You have a ball. Is this ………ball?.
6. They brought some brushes. Those are …………brushes.
7. I have lost my purse. Have you seen ……….purse?
8. Look at the fisherman. They are pulling in ………… nets.
9. John has some marbles. There are ……….marbles.
10. Jane has bought a new dress. Have you seen……new dress?.
EXERCISE 26 - POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES EXERCISE 21 – POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Choose the right word. Then write out each sentence. Fill in the blank with suitable Possessive Pronouns.

Eg. Meiling put on (her, his) new shoes.

1. This is his ball. The ball is ……….
Meiling put on her new shoes.
2. That is your glass. The glass is ……..
3. That is their house. The house is ……
1. He rides (her, his) bicycle to school every day. 4. This my bag. The bag is ……
2. We are waiting for (our, their) friends. 5. These are toys. The toys are ……….
3. The pupils are listening to (his their) teacher. 6. That is Meifing’s basket. The basket is ………
4. Mr Zhang has lost )her, his) teacher. 7. Those are his pencils. The pencils are ……..
5. I do )my, our) homework in the evening. 8. These are your sweets. The sweets are …….
6. They are cleaning (my, their) house. 9. This is my cat. The sweets are ……..
7. We love (our, her) parents. 10. Those are their cows. The cows are ……….
8. you must bring (its, your) book tomorrow.
9. she went there with (her, our) father. EXERCISE 22 - POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
10. the cat is licking (my, its) paw. Rewrite each sentence using a possessive Pronoun to replace the words in bold

e.g. This is my pen.

PROSSESSIVE PRONOUNS This is my mine
Look at the words mine and hers.
1. That is her doll.
Possessive Pronouns are pronouns which show possession. 2. Are those your flowers?
3. They have eaten their dinner.
What are they used in place of nouns. 4. I have lost my shoes.
They are used in place of nouns 5. Can you lend me your bicycle?
Mine means ‘my book’. 6. These are his goats.
Hers means ‘my pencil’. 7. We have brought our books.
Other examples of such words are yours, ours, his and theirs. 8. This is her handkerchief.
These words are pronouns. 9. He has put on his hat.
What do they show? 10. That isn’t my ruler.
They show possession.
We call them Possessive Pronouns.

e.g. This is our dog. The dog is ………….

This is our dog The dog is ours.
 EXERCISE 24 – AGREEMENT
Fill in the blanks with ‘is’ or ‘are’.

e.g. My brother …………. Six years old.

My brother is six years old.

1. Mary …….. fond of her cat.

2. Some boys ………. Talking now.
3. That flower ………. Lovely.
4. The windows ……….. open.
AGREEMENT 5. The cows ………… eating in the field.
6. ……….. this your pencil?
7. She ………. My cousin.
1. The Girl is here The girl are here 8. The woman ……… washing clothes.
2. he was sick. They were sick. 9. ……… those their bags?
10. That box ……… quite heavy.
3. The teacher has a car. They teachers have cars
EXERCISE 25 – AGREEMENT
4. She does not know him. They do not know him. Fill in the blanks with ‘was’ or ‘were’.
5. A dog barks. Dogs bark e.g. She ……… late this morning.
Read the pairs of snetences on the blackboard. She was late this morning.
Nouns and pronouns such as ‘girl’, ‘teachers’ and ‘they’ are called the subjects of the
sentences. 1. He ……… absent yesterday .
The subjects of the sentences on the left are singular. 2. The men ………. Mending the road.
Are the verbs singular or plural? 3. It ………. A sad story.
They are singular. 4. Richard and Tom ……….. talking to them.
Are the subjects of the sentences on the right singular or plural? 5. These doors …….. painted last week.
They are plural. 6. We ………. Digging in the garden.
These words take plural verbs. 7. I …….. Waiting for Jhon.
8. …………… she writing letter?
9. That lady ……… here last night.
The verb agrees with its subject in number. A singular verb goes with a 10. ……….. they angry with you?
singular subject. A plural verb goes with a plural subject.
 10. Changming (kmow, knows) the answer.
EXERCISE 26 – AGREEMENT
Fill in the blanks with ‘has’ or ‘have’. EXERCISE 28 – AGREEMENT
Rewrite these sentencese using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
e.g. They …….. flowers for sale.
They have flowers for sale.. e.g. he always (swim) in the lake.
He always swims in the lake.
1. Foxes ……….. long tails.
2. My uncle …….. bought a new car. 1. Forgs (croack), don’t they?
3. The tree …….. fallen down. 2. My parrot sometimes (talk) to me.
4. Jane ……… a fever. 3. All of his friends (be) rich.
5. I ……… to help him. 4. Your friend (have) come.
6. She …….. not done her work. 5. (Have) you ever seen a tiger ?
7. ……… he come yet? 6. (Do) his sister know english?
8. My mother ………. Beked a cake. 7. He (get) up at six every morning.
9. the children ……… many toys. 8. The children (be) sleeping now.
10. …………. The girls gone home? 9. She (do) not like him.
10. Paul and Mary live here.

EXERCISE 27 – AGREEMENT
Fill in the blanks with ‘does’ or ‘do’.

e.g. She …….. not want any tea.

She does not want any tea. SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

1. They …….. most of the work in the afternoon.

2. Sally …….. not like to dance.
3. ……….Jack wear a hat?
4. Dogs ………. Not like cats.
5. Many schooboys (wear, wears) badges.
6. A cat (like, likes) fish.
7. This hawker (sell. Sells) pineaples.
8. She (go,goes) to scholl by car.
9. Birds (fly, flies).
 Boy ….. boys key ……. Keys
Toy ….. toys donkey ……. Donkeys
Way ….. ways valley …… valleys
7. by changing –f or –fe into –ves.
There is only one boy in picture A. Leaf …... leaves wolf ……. Wolves
What is the noun ‘boy’. Thief ….. thieves life ……. Lives
It is called a singular noun. Calf ….. calves wife ……. Wives
There are more than one by in picture B Loaf ….. loaves knife ……. Knives
8. By adding –s to some nouns ending in- f.
A singular noun stands for one person of thing. A plural noun stands for more Roof ….. roofs dwarf ……. Dwarfs
than one person or thing. Chief ….. chiefs cliff ……. Cliffs
9. By changing the inside vowels.
What is the noun used to show that are more than one boy? Man ….. men mouse ……. Mice
We use the noun ‘boys’. Woman ….. woman tooth ……. Teeth
It is called a plural noun. Goose ….. geese foot ……. Feet
10. By adding –en
Ox ..… oxen child ……. Children
Plural nouns are formed in many ways. Here are some of the ways. Leran the words well. 11. some nouns have their singular and plural alike.
1. By adding-s. Sheep ….. sheep deer ……. deer
Girl …… girls uncle ….... uncles 12. some nouns are used only in the plural.
Book …… books desk …… desks Scissors trousers spectacles
Dog …… dogs chair …… chairs Shorts clothes pincers
Apple …… apples bird …… birds
2. By adding-es to nouns ending in –s, -sh, -ch, -x.
Class …… classes churches …… churches Pronouns and adjectives have plural forms too. Study them carefully.
Glass …… glasess watch …… matches I …… we his, her, its ….. their
Brush …… bushes box …… boxes Me …… us mine ….. ours
Branch …… brancehes fox ….... foxes You …... you yours …. Yours
3. By adding –es to nouns ending in–o He, she, it ….. they his, her, its ….. theirs
Radio …… radios bambo ……. bamboos Him, her, it ….. them this ….. these
4. By adding –s to some nouns endinmg in –o. My ….. our that ….. those
5. by chaging –y into –ies. Yours ….. your
Baby ….. babies lorry ……. Lorries EXERCISE 29 – PLURAL NOUNS
Lily ….. lilies fly ……. Flies Make these nouns plural.
City ….. cities army ……. Armies
6. By adding-s to some nouns ending in-y e.g. pineaple - pineaples
 6. She saw your brother.
7. The lizard lost its tail.
1. bottle – 6. bull - 11. goose - 16. mouse 8. The child loved his puppy.
2. foot - 7. story- 12. sheep - 17. lady 9. This goat ate the tomato.
3. valley - 8. leaf 13. piano - 18. wife 10. That policeman caught the thief.
4. potato - 9. brush 14. box - 19. mango
5. banana - 10. roof - 15. child - 20. key –
EXERCISE 32 – PLURAL NOUNS
EXERCISE 30 – PLURAL NOUNS Rewrite this sentences changing the words in bold into plural. Make other necessary changes.
Rewrite these sentences changing the words in bold into plural.
e.g. A crocodile is a cold-bloded animal.
e.g. The man spoke to the lady. Crocodiles are cold-bloded animals.
The men spoke to the ladies.
1. A knife is made of steel.
1. The dog chased the cat. 2. A donkey brays.
2. The monkey ate the banana. 3. A kettle has a handle.
3. The thief stole the watch. 4. The girl is eating an apple.
4. The girl broke the glass. 5. The thief was caught last week.
5. The wolf killed the sheep. 6. A rose is a beatiful flower.
6. The farmer sold the ox. 7. An elephant has a trunk.
7. The mouse sat on the shelf. 8. A carpenter uses a saw.
8. The woman bought the handkerchief. 9. Tha woman drowned in the lake.
9. The fox hid in the bush. 10. A soldier carries a gun.
10. The leaf fell from the tree.
EXERCISE 33 – PULRAL NOUNS
EXERCISE 31 – PLURAL NOUNS Rewrite this sentences changing the
Rewrite these sentences changing the words in bold into plural. words in bold into plural. Make other
necessary changes.
e.g. He lost his hat.
They lost their hats. e.g. My sisters has a new dress.
Our sisters have new dresses.
1. I spoke to the workman. Crocodiles are cold-bloded animals.
2. The lady shouted at me. 1. He has a buffalo for sale.
3. My friend came last night. 2. the teacher does not like him.
4. Have you taken the key? 3. There is a dish in the cupboard.
5. The boy found his knife. 4. There was a monkey in the tree.
5. This shirt is old.
6. That woman was hurt in the accident.
7. I have read this story.
8. The baby cries every night.
9. the lady’s watch in stolen.
10. His uncle’s house is big.

EXERCISE 34 – PULRAL NOUNS

Rewrite this sentences changing the words in bold into plural. Make other necessary changes.
e.g. The girls are dancers. What do the do, am doing, did, have done and will do show?
The girl is dancer. They show action.
They are called verbs.
1. Tables are made of wood. ‘do’, ‘doing’, ‘did’ and ‘done’ are different in from.
2. Flies are insects. But they are parts of the same verb.
3. Our dogs are fierce. What is the are parts of the same verb.
4. Birds have beaks. What is the verb?
5. These boys were absent yesterday. It is to do.
6. kassim planted those trees.
7. These glasses are beautiful. Verbs are words which show action. They are divided into four parts, e.g. do,
8. There are pianos for sale. doing, did, and done.
9. The boys oiled their bicycles.
10. The men’s wives told us the news.
Here are some sentences for you to learn. Read them carefully.
FORMS OF THE VERB Every Day I …. Now I am …. Yesterday I…. Already I have Tomorrow I
shall ….
Beat Beating Beat Beaten Beat
Begin Beginning Began Begun Begin
Bend Bending Bent Bent Bend
Bite Biting Bit Biiten Bite
Blow blowing Blew Blown Blow
Break Breaking Broke Broken Break
Bring Bringing Brought Brought Bring
Bulid Buliding Built Built Bulid
Burn Burning Burnt Burnt Burn
Buy Buying Bought Bought Buy Send Sending Sent Sent Send
Catch Cathching Caught Caught Catch Sew Sewimng Sewed Sewn Sew
Come Coming Came Come Come Shake Shaking Shook Shaken Shake
Dig Digging Dug Dug Dig Shine Shining Shone Shone Shine
Do Doing Did Done Do Shoot Shooting Shot Shot Shoot
Draw Drawing Drew Drawn Draw Show Showing Showed Shown Show
Drink Drinking Drank Drunk Drink Sing Singing Sang Sung Sing
Drive Driving Drove Driven Drive Sink Sinking Sank Sunk Sink
Eat Eating Eat Eaten Eat Sit Sitting Sat Sat Sit
Fall Falling Fell Fallen Fall Sleep Sleeping Slept Slept Sleep
Fight Fighting Fouhgt Fought Fight Speak Speaking Spoke Spoken Speak
Find Finding Found found Find Stand Standing Stood stood Stand
Fly Flying Flew flown Fly spend spending spent Spent spend
Forget Forgetting Forgot Forgotten Forget Steal Stealing Stole Stolen Steal
Get Getting Got Got Get Strike Striking Struck Srtuck Strike
Give Giving Gave Given Give Swim Swimming Swam Swam Swim
Go Going Went Gone Go Take care, teach Taking Took Took Take care,
Grow Growing Grew Grown Grow Tear Teaching Taught Taught teach
Hang Hanging Hung Hung Hang Tell Tearing Tore Tore Tear
Hide Hiding Hid Hidden Hide Think Telling Told Told Tell
Hold Holding Held Held Hold Throw Thinking Though Thought Think
Keep Keeping Kept Kept Keep Wear Trowing Therew Thrown Throw
Kneel Kneeling Knelt Knelt Kneel Win Wearing Wore Worn Wear
Leave Leaving Left Left Leave wind Winning Won Won Win
Lie Lying Lay Lain Lie Write Winding Wound Wound wind
Lose Losing Lost Lost Lose Add Writing Wrote Written Write
Make Making Made Made Make Allow Adding Added Added Add
Meet Meeting Met Met Meet Arrive Allowing Allowed Allowed Allow
Pay Paying Paid Paid Pay Brathe Arriving Arrive Arrive Arrive
Ride Riding Rode Ridden Ride Care Breathing Breathed Breathed Brathe
Ring Ringing Rang Rung Ring Carry Caring Cared Cared Care
Rise Rising Rose Risen Rise Change Carriying Carried Carried Carry
Run Running Ran Run Run Close Changing Changed Changed Change
Say Saying Said Said Say Copy Closing Closed Closed Close
See Seeing Saw Seen See Cry Copying Copied Copied Copy
Sell Selling Sold Sold Sell Dance Crying Cried Cried Cry
Divide Dancing Danced Danced Dance 2. I eat …………... …………. ………….
Drop Dividing Divided Divided Divide 3. I drink …………… ………… ………….
Fit Dropping Dropped Dropped Drop 4. I run …………… ………… …………
Hand Fiting Fitted Fitted Fit 5. I shell …………… ………… …………
Hope Handing Handed Handed Hand 6. We hit …………… ………… …………
Hurry Hoping Hoped Hoped Hope 7. We look …………… ………… …………
Join Hurrying Hurried Hurried Hurry 8. We Think …………… ………… …………
Jump Joining Joined Joined Join 9. We swim …………… ………… …………
Laugh Jumping Jumped Jumped Jump 10. We tell…………… ………… …………
Live Laughing Laughed Laughed Laugh
Lock Living Lived Lived Live EXERCISE 36 – FORMS OF THE VERB
Open Locking Locked Locked Lock Fil in the blanks with the correct words. The first one is done for you.
Reply Opening Opened Opened Open
Row Replying Replied Replied Reply Every day Now Yesterday Tomorrow
Skip Rowing Rowed Rowed Row 1. He Gets He is getting He got He will get
Stop Skipping Skipped Skipped Skip 2. He gives …………... …………. ………….
Study Stoping stopped stopped Stop 3. He rows …………… ………… ………….
talk Studying studied studied Study 4. He Rings …………… ………… …………
tie Talking talked talked talk 5. He talks …………… ………… …………
use Tying tied tied tie 6. She beats …………… ………… …………
walk Using used used use 7. She uses …………… ………… …………
wait Walking walked walked walk 8. She closes …………… ………… …………
cut Waiting waited waited wait 9. She writes …………… ………… …………
hit Cutting cut cut cut 10. She sleeps …………… ………… …………
hurt Hitting hit hit hit
let Hurting hurt hurt hurt EXERCISE 37 – FORMS OF THE VERB
put Letting let let let Fil in the blanks with the correct words. The first e.g. David walks to scholl every day
read Putting put put put one is done for you. (a) David wlaked to school yesterday
shut Reading read read read (b) David will walk to school tomorrow
shutting shut shut shut Every day Now
Yesterday Already
EXERCISE 35 – FORMS OF THE VERB 1. I bite I am biting I bit I have bitten
Fil in the blanks with the correct words. The first one is done for you. 2. I do …………... …………. ………….
3. I shut …………… ………… ………….
Every day Now Yesterday Tomorrow 4. I ride …………… ………… …………
1. I come I am coming I came I shall come 5. I Leave …………… ………… …………
 6. we tie …………… ………… ………… 4. She teaches us english every day
7. We see …………… ………… ………… 5. We meet Meifing every day
8. We Hold …………… ………… ………… 6. They wait for us every day
9. We study …………… ………… ………… 7. Jhon wakes up early evry day
10. We put …………… ………… ………… 8. He stands at the gate every day
9. they dance in the hall every day
EXERCISE 38 – FORMS OF THE VERB 10. Jane cuts the vegetables every day
Fil in the blanks with the correct words. The first one is done for you.
Every day Now Yesterday Already EXERCISE 40 – FORMS OF THE VERB
1. He files He is Flying He flewHe has flown Re write each sentence twice changing (a) every day to yesterday and (b) every day
2. He brings …………... …………. …………. tomorrow.the verbs in bold should be changed.
3. He reasds ……….. ……...…. ………….
4. He finds ………… ………… ………….
e.g. Ruilan sells vegetables every day
5. He fights …………… ………… …………
6. She falls …………… ………… ………… (a) Ruilan sold vegetables yesterday.
7. She makes …………… ………… ………… (b) Ruilan will sell vegetables tomorrow.
8. She cryes …………… ………… …………
9. She wears …………… ………… ………… Ruilan sells vegetables every day. She puts the vegetables in a basket and cycles round
10. She buys …………… ………… ………… the village. At about ten o’clock she stops at Mrs Chen’s house. Mrs Chen buys vegetables
from her. Then goes to happy lane. Meny people get their vegetables from Ruilan. They like
her because she smiles at every body.
EXERCISE 39 – FORMS OF THE VERB
Re write each sentence twice changing (a) every day to yesterday and (b) every day
tomorrow.the verbs in bold should be changed.

1. My father goes to work at eight o’clock every day THE VERB ‘TO BE’
2. I drink a glass of milk every day
3. We walk past her house every day

Follow Mr. Zhang’instructions.
Can you pick out the verbs?
The words am, is, are, was and were are verbs.
They are forms of the verb ‘to be’.
Mr Zhang has written another three sentences.
Name the verbs in this sentences.
The verbs are ‘am writ ing’, ‘is eating’, and ‘were launghing’.
They are used in the continious tenses.
Each is made up of two words.
What are the words ?
The verb is made of ‘to be’ and another verb.
When ‘to be’ is used in this way, it is called a ‘helping verb’.
Am, is, are, was, and were are forms of the verb ‘to be’. The verb ‘to be’ is
sometimes used to form continious tenses. It is then called a ‘helping verb’.
EXERCISE 41 – ‘TO BE
Choose the correct word. Then write out each sentence.
.e.g. Tom (is,was) going to school now.
Tom is going to scholl now.
1. Alice (is,was) dancing in the hall now.
2. We (ae, were) learning English now.
3. He (is, was) late for school yesterday.
4. They ( are, were) eating durians last night.
5. My grandfather (is, was) very old now.
6. The children (are, were) happy yesterday.
7. it ( is, was) raining heavily last night.
8. Jinsheng (is, was) nine years old this year.
9. she (is, was) angry with me yesterday.
10. What (is, was) he eating now.
EXERCISE 42 – ‘TO BE
Write out each sentence putting in the correct form of ‘to be’.
e.g. The boys ………. Playing last evening.
The boys were playing football last evening.
1. The girls ……. Shouting now.
2. He …….. not at home last night.
3. John …… kicking the ball now.
4. bees…….. insects.
5. Where …… you going now.
6. They ……. Walking home last evening .
7. What …. You doing just now ?
8. The woman …… getting off the bus now.
9. The clothes ……. Wet this morning.
10. I …….. very hungry two hours ago.

THE VERB ‘TO HAVE’

 EXERCISE 43- ‘TO HAVE’
Choose the correcct word. Then write out each sentence.
e.g. Sally (has, had) to leave now.
Sally has to leave now.
1. Eric (have, had) two dollars yesterday.
2. She (has, have) long black hair.
3. We (has, have) two dogs.
4. I (have, had) to go to school yesterday.
5. He (has, have) no time to go out.
6. They (had, have) breakfast together this morning
7. Sally (had, has) to cook dinner every night.
8. We (have, had) the same birthday.
9. We (Had, have) fried noodles for dinner two days ago.
10. Paul (has, have) a bad headache.

EXERCISE 44 ‘TO HAVE’

Write out each sentence putting in the correct form of ‘to have’

e.g. We ………. Dinner at 6 o;clock last evening.

We had dinner at 6 o’clock last evening.
Look at the sentences above.
1. She ……. A baby last year.
What are the verbs?
2. I ……. No money at the moment.
They are ‘have’, ‘has’ and ‘had’.
3. We do not ……. The time to go out this week.
‘have’ and ‘has’ are used in the present tense.
4. Bala ……….. good taste in clothes.
‘had’ is used in the past tense.
5. Sandy …….. rice for dinner last night.
They are all forms of the verb ‘to have’.
6. We …… to se the teacher this afternoon.
‘have’, ‘has’ and ‘had’ are forms of the verb ‘to have’. ‘has’ and 7. I used to ……. A dog, but it died last year.
‘have’ are used in the present tense. ‘had’ is used in the past tense. 8. he …….. no right to be here
9. Jane …….. to leave early yesterday.
10. Tommy …….. pancakes for breakfast every morning.

THE VERB ‘TO DO’

Read the sentences in the box.

1. I do the cooking on weekdays.

2. My sister does the cooking on weekends.
3. We did the cooking together last night.

What are the verbs?

They are ‘do’, ‘does’ and ‘did’.
They are forms of the verb ‘to do’.

‘Do’, ‘does’ and ‘did’ are forms of the verb ‘to do’.

Read these gustions and answers.

1. Do you go to school ? Yes, I do

2. Did you go to school? Yes, I did
3. Does your sister go to school ? No, she does not.

Did you notice that the verb changes?

‘Did’ is the past tense of the verbs ‘do’ and ‘does’
“To do” is used to ask and answer questions.
You add the word ‘not’ to make the answer negative.
 7. Do cats have claws?
8. Did the car break down today?
‘Did’ is the past tense of ‘do’ and ‘does’. 9. Does the sun rise from the east?
“To do’ is used to ask and answer questions. 10. Do you like to eat fruits?

EXERCISE 45 ‘TO DO’

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of ‘to do’. The write out each sentence.

e.g. What ….. you ….. yesterday ?

What did you do yesterday?
1. I …….. the housework this morning.
2. He……. Not like to eat brinjal.
3. We …… our homework at night.
4. Mum …. The shooping this afternoon.
5. Sammy …… a lot of work yesterday.
6. Jane ….. the cooking every evening.
7. I ……. The dishes after diiner last evening.
8. I ……. Not enjoy sweeping the floor. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
9. What ….. you……. To the painting?
10. Where …….. you normallly go to lunch?

EXERCISE 46 ‘TO DO’

Answer these gustions using the correct form of ‘ to do’.

e.g. Did you walk the dog?

Yes, I did.

1. Do you like to eat potatoes?

2. Did you do the dishes this morning?
3. Does Ali like to cycle? Mrs Lin is teaching her pupils.
4. Did you take the bus today? Read what she saying.
5. Do the children like to eat sweets? Is her statement true or false?
6. Does Mrs Tan want to buy the dress? It is true.
She is telling her pupils a fact. We use the Simple Present tense to show an action that is begun and complete the during the
What tense does she use? period of speaking.
She uses the simple present tense. We call this instantaneous present.

The simple present tense is used to show a truth or a fact. The Simple Present tense is used for the instaneous present.
1. The movie begins at 5 o’clock .
2. the teachers meet this afternoon.

What do these two sentences have in common?

They both refer to planned future events.
‘begins’ and ‘meet’ are in the Simple Present tense.
What action does it show?
It shows an action which is done every day.

Can you name the verb in the above sentence ?

The verb is ‘goes’ The Simple Present tense is used for scheduled future actions.
It is used in the simple Present tense.
What action doest it show?
It shows an action which is done every day.
Actions which we do every day, always, often or sometimes are called habits. EXERCISE 47-SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Write out these sentences putting in the Simple Presents tense of the verbs in brackets.
The simple Present tense is also used to show that the action is a habit.
e.g. He ….. (wash) his face every morning.
He washes his face every morning
1. He usually …. (get) up at six o’clock.
2. They always …. (listen) to their teacher.
3. A cow ….. (eat) grass.
4. We seldom …… (forget) to bring our books.
5. Maznah …… (come) to my house every day.
6. I …. (crack) an egg into the pan and ….. (fry) it.
7. That boy sometimes …… (swim) in the pound.
8. Sally ….. (wash) her face and ….. (dry) it with towel.
What are the verbs in Jhon’s sentence? EXERCISE 48-SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
They are ‘draw’ and ‘shade’. Write out these sentences putting in the Simple Presents tense of the verbs in brackets.
They are in the simple Present tense.
 2. They get up early every morning.
e.g. John ….. (visit) his aunt once a week. 3. You ring the bell every day.
John visits his aunt once a week. 4. she knows your brother.
5. Zhihui reads a book every night.
1. He …… (cut) his hair once in the three weeks. 6. The girls come here every day.
2. The play ….. (begin) at six o’clock. 7. Alice goes to church every Sunday.
3. ….. (wacth) as I ….. (pick) up this ball. 8. We open the doors every morning.
4. I usually …… (play) football in scholl.
5. Grandpa …… (arrive) this evening. EXERCISE 51-SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE & PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE
6. Birds …… (build) nests. Write out the following sentences putting in the simple Present or tha Present continious tense
7. The bus ….. (leave) at nine a.m. of the verbs in brackets.
8. This girl often …. (wait) here for the bus.
e.g. 1. The children …… (go) home now.
EXERCISE 49-SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE The children are going home now.
Make these sentneces negative by putting in ‘does not’ or ‘do not’. Leave out the ‘s’ from the 2. She …….. (wash) her hair every day.
words in bold. She washes her hair every day.

e.g. Mary goes to school by train. 1. Be quite ! My father ……. (sleep) now.
2. I ……. (sit) next to Jennifer every day
Mary does not go to school by train.
3. Take your umbrella. It ….. rain now.
1. He likes to eat durians 4. His uncle usually …. (drive) very fast.
2. She wants to buy a drees 5. That man …… (get) into the car now.
3. I wear these shoes every day. 6. The aeroplanes …… (fly) over my house every day.
4. My brother plays with them every day. 7. We sometimes ……. (meet) them here.
5. They go to school by bus every morning. 8. Listen! The birds ….. (sing) now.
6. My father goes to work every night.
7. We sleep at 9 o’clock every night
8. That hawker sells oranges every day

EXERCISE 50-SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Turn these statements into questions. Leave out the ‘s’ from the words in bold.

e.g. He wears a hat e very day

PRESENT PERPECT TENSE
does he wear a hat every day?
1. He drinks coffe every morning.
 10. They ……….. (just get) into the bus.

EXERCISE 53 – PRESENT PERPECT TENSE.

Put in the present perpect tense of the verbs in brackets. Then write out each sentence.
e.g. He ……… (just ring) the bell.
He has just ring the bell.

1. The cat …….. (catch) a rat.

2. She ……. (already lock) the cupboard.
James and Mingzhe tell us what they have already done. 3. …….. you ……. (throw) the rubbish away?
Do they tell us the exact time of their action? 4. The headmaster ……..( just speak) to them.
No, they don’t. 5. My brother …… (just leave) the house.
They onely use words like ‘already’ and ‘yet’ to show the time. 6. They ….. (not find) the treasure yet.
James words do not tell us the exact time. 7. Wenjie …… (already drink) the milk.
James and Mingzhe use the verb ‘have finished’ in their sentences. 8. We ……. (win) the game.
This verb is used in the present Perfect tense. 9. …….. mary ……. (show) you the picture?
10. The tree …… (fall) down.
The present perfect tense is used for an action that has already
happened but we do not know the exact time it happened. EXERCISE 54 – PRESENT PERPECT TENSE.
Put in the present perpect tense of the verbs in brackets. Then write out each sentence.
EXERCISE 52 – PRESENT PERPECT TENSE.
Put in the present perpect tense of the verbs in brackets. Then write out each sentence.
e.g. We can go home now. The rain ……… (stop)
e.g. She ….. (already buy) the book. we can go home now. The rain has stopped.
She has already seen the picture
1. I can go aout now. I ……. (already finish) my work.
1. He ….. (already buy) the book. 2. The window is shut. She ……. (shut it.
2. She …… (already sweep) the room. 3. The bag is not here. Samy ……. (take it.
3. I ….. ?(already write) the letter. 4. I don’t want to go. I …… (already see) the picture.
4. We ….. ( already paint) the wall. 5. The letter is there. The postman …. (bring) it.
5. They ….. (already go) home. 6. It’s all dark now. Someone ……..( awitch) off the lights.
6. He …. (just take) the bag away. 7. There goes the bird. It …… (just fly) two bowls of rice.
7. She …… (just eat) the piece of cake. 8. he is very full. He …… (eat) two bowlsof rice.
8. I …….. (just wash) my father’s car. 9. it is 5 o’clock now. ….. you …… (feed) the chickens yet?
9. We ….. (just tell) them the news. 10. The boys are late. They …… (not arrive) yet.
 4. She (put it on the self a minute ago.
5. We ……. (sleep) at 11 o’clock last night.
6. They ……. (hear) the news last evening.
7. I …… (go) to the cinema last Friday.
8. The cat ….. (steal) the fish just now.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
EXERCISE 56 – SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Write out the sentences putting in the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in brackets.
The people above are talking about their past actions.
Are we told when the actions took place? 1. They ……. (not do) their work yesterday.
Yes, the actions took place ‘yesterday’ and ‘two days ago’ 2. e.g. I ……
He ……. (find)(no meet)
his pen himthe
under last Sunday.
tree yesterday.
What tense is used in these sentences? 3. I did not meet him last night.
She …….. (wait) until 2 o’clock yesterday.
The simple past tense is used. 4. My father ………. (not cut) down the tree yesterday
5. She …… (not come) to my housu last evening.
6. Jane …….. (break) the glass five minutes ago.
We used the Simple Past Tense for a past action when we know the time it 7. Jeffrey ……. (not play) football last Friday.
happened. 8. We …… (shut) all the windows just now.

Read what jack is saying. EXERCISE 57 – SIMPLE PAST TENSE

What tense is ‘had’ in? Make these sentences negative by putting in ‘not’.
It is in the Past Tense.
e.g. She walked to school yesterday.
She did not walk to school yesterday.
We use the Simple Past Tense after the word ‘wish’
1. She sang that song yerterday.
2. Rita wore a blue dress last night.
EXERCISE 55 – SIMPLE PAST TENSE 3. I sleept at 8 o’clock last night.
Write out the sentences putting in the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in brackets. 4. He spoke to her just now.
5. John make a kite yesterday afternoon.
6. The thief stole our chickens last night.
e.g. They …… (reach) there at 8 o’clock last night. 7. The sun shone brightly yesterday.
They reached there at 8 o’clock last night. 8. Mary read that book a month ago.

1. The farmer ……. (sell) his cows last week. EXERCISE 58 – SIMPLE PAST TENSE
2. Nancy …… (take) the bag yesterday. turn these statements into guestions. Begin with ‘did’.
3. He ……. (lose) his pen there days ago.
e.g. Meilan baked a cake yesterday.
Did Meilan bake a cake yesterday?
 We use Simple Future Tense to show future action.
Shall is used with I and We. Will is used with other nouns and
1. Hassan saw a snake last week. pronouns.
2. She spent all her money last night.
3. You forgot to bring your book yesterday .
4. they shouted at him just now. What is there on the table in picture A on the next page?
5. The train reached here at 8 o’ clock. There are eggs, flour and sugar on it.
6. Your brother left the house an hour ago. What has Mrs. Liu dicided to do with them?
7. He lost his pair of shoes yesterday afternoon. She has decided to make a cake with them.
8. I woke up at 6 o’clock this morning. To show that she has already devided to do the action, Mrs. Liu uses the words ‘going to’.
9. He father bought another car l;ast year.
10. It rained heavly last evening.
EXERCISE 59 – SIMPLE PAST TENSE The ‘going to’ form is also used for future action. We use it show that we have
Write out the sentences putting in the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in the brackets. already decided to do the action.

1. I wish I ……. (own) acar.

2. Tim …… (go) school yesterday. In picture B, the sky looks very dark
3. Mum …… ( cook) chicken rice for dinner last evening. Jane thinks that it is certain to rain.
4. Ali ……… (swim) to shore this afternoon. Do you agree with her?
5. Tina wishes she ……. (have) a thousand dollars. What are the words she uses to show that it is certain ?
6. Mum …… (buy) a new wok last week. Ahe uses ‘going to’.
7. Alex wishes he ……. (can ) fly.
8. I ……. (run) in the race last month. ‘going to’ is also used to show that something is certain to happen.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE & ‘GOING TO’ FORM Look at what tommy is saying.
Do you think his birthday can be changed?
Is john talking about nhis past actions? No, it cannot.
No, he isn’t. What tense does tommy use?
He is telling his mother what he will do in the future, that is, next week. He uses the Simple Present tense.
He uses the verb ‘shall be’ in the sentence.
What ia the tense of this verb? We use the Simple tense to express an unalterable plan.
It Is the Simple Future Tense.
We use ‘shall’ with ‘I’ and’we’.
We use ‘will’ with other nouns and pronouns. EXERCISE 60 – SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Fill in the blanks with ‘shall’ or ‘will’. Then write out each sentence.

e.g. I ……. Be twelve years old year.

I shall be twlvw years old next year.
1. I shall wait for you this evening.
1. I …….. be in Primary five next year. 2. I shall bring my pet to school.
2. There ……. Be a holiday next Tuesday. 3. We shall wait for him after school.
3. He ………. Be thirty years old next june. 4. she will go to church this Sunday.
4. She ……. Be in Primary four next yaer. 5. They willdo well in the examination.
5. ………. We all play football this evening? 6. susan will able to answer the question.
6. Then baby ……. Be there months old next week. 7. We shall clean up the place.
7. When …… you be in Singapore again? 8. The girls will sing again to night.
8. We …… visit our ount tomorrow. 9. He will write you a letter.
10. my sister will be at home to night.
EXERCISE 61 – SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE.
Put it the simple future tense of the verbs in brackets. Use only ‘shall’ or ‘will’. EXERCISE 63 – SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE.
Turn these statements into questions.
e.g. I …… (buy) another pen tomorrow.
I shall buy another pen tomorrow. e.g. I shall tell them news tomorrow.
Shall I tell them the news tomorrow?
1. He …… (meet) us there tomorrow.
2. she …… (sing) in the hall next Friday. 1. She will do the work for you.
3. We ….. (tell) him the news tomorrow morning. 2. You will be there this evening.
4. I ….. (visit) my uncle this weekend. 3. We shall listen to her story.
5. There …. (be) another game next Tuesday. 4. We shall buy the tickets tomorrow morning.
6. I think it ……. (rain) in the afternoon. 5. They will remebr your name.
7. the shop …… (open) at eight tomorrow morning. 6. Cindy will return the book to you.
8. I …….. (give) you the book tomorrow. 7. I shall leave the book here.
9. We ,……. (sweep) the room tomorrrow afternoon. 8. they will win the game this evening.
10. They …… (wait) at the cinema for us. 9. You will be able to help us.
10. we shall sweep the room later.
EXERCISE 62 – SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE EXERCISE 64 – ‘GOING TO’
Make these sentences negative by putting in ‘not’. Rewrite these sentences using ‘going to’ instead of ‘shall’ or ‘will’.

e.g. I shall be in Hong Kong tonight. e.g. He will buy a car next month.
I sahll not be in Hong Kong tonight. He is going to buy a car next month.
 1. This Saturday ……… National day.
1. She will bake a cake tomorrow. 2. Tomorrow ……. My parent’s wedding anniversary.
2. He will tell you the story this evening. 3. Next week ……… the school holidays.
3. Betty will bring the bag tomorrow. 4. thurdays and Friday ……. The days of our annual meeting.
4. He will return the book tomorrow morning. 5. Clean up day …….. in april.
5. They will clean up the house next Sunday. 6. The sixth of March and the thirteenth of april …… public holidays.
6. The boys will finish the work next week. 7. Christmas ……… in the month of Desember.
7. We shall run in the race tomorrow. 8. This weekend ….. the last weekend of the month.
8. We shall sing this song to night.
9. I shall wash the car tomorrow morning.
10. Look out! The tree will fall. CONDITIONAL ‘IF’

EXERCISE 65 – ‘GOING TO’ The word ‘if’ is found the two sentences above.
Write out these sentences putting in the ‘going to’ form of the verbs in the brackets. ‘if’ clauses are also called Conditional clauses.
Is it possisble for the boys to catch the bus and the girls to give the letter to paul ?
Yes, it is.
e.g. I ….. (write) a letter this evening. They are likely to happen when the conditions ‘if they hurry’ and ‘ if Pul comes’ are brought
I am going to write a letter this a letter this evening. about.
In these sentences th ‘if’ clauses are in the simple present tense.
1. He …….. (swim) in the pool tomorrow. The other clauses in the simple Future tense.
2. She …….. (make) a new dress this afternoon.
3. My brother …….. (put) on that shirt tomorrow morning.
4. Helen ……. (see) her uncle next week. ‘if’ clauses wich are in the Simple Present tense show that things are likely to
5. They …… (play) the game next Friday. happen.
6. We ……. (cut) down that tree this evening.
7. They ……… (sleep) in this room to night EXERCISE 67 – CONDITIONAL IF
8. The sky is dark. It …….. (rain). Macth the sentences in the shaded box with the following ‘if’ clauses.
9. Be careful! The branch ……. (break).
10. The headmaster ……… (speak) to us tomorrow. e.g. If tomorrow is a fine day, ………………
if tomorrow is a fine day, we shall for a picnic
EXERCISE 66 – SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE She will cry
It will break
1. If you do notShe
work hard,
will lend…………………
it to you
e.g. Next Friday ……… a holiday. 2. If I have thaImoney, ………………………
shall paint a picture
Next Friday is a holiday. 3. If we miss the bus, reply
……………………….
I shall to him.
I shall buy to him.
You will fall in your examination.
She will tell you.
The cat will eat it.
We shall go by taxi.
 4. If he hits her, …………………………… 4. If he plays with the dog, it ……… (bite) him.
5. If I have a brush, ……………………….. 5. If you ……. (drink) this, you will get well
6. If she knows the answer, ………………… 6. If he misses the bus, he ……. (be) late.
7. If you drop the glass, ……………………… 7. If they ……… (leave) now, they will reach there tonight.
8. If meiling has the book, ………………….. 8. If you do not hurry, you ……. (miss) the train.
9. If he writes to me, ………………………. 9. If she does not work hard, she ……. (fail) in the examination.
10. If you leave the fish here, …………………. 10. If we ……. (look) for it, we shall find it.

EXERCISE 68 – CONDITIONAL ‘IF’

Fill in the banks with the correct tense forms of the verbs in brackets.

e.g. If rain, they …….. (get) wet.

If rains, they will get wet.

1. If I can, I …….. (help you)

2. If you don’t behave yourself, he ………. (punish) you.
3. If he is not careful, he …….. (break) it.
4. If I come tomorrow, …….. you …….. (wait) for me here?
5. If it rains tomorrow, we ……… (not go).
6. If you try hard, you …….. (win) the prize.
7. If you listen carefully, you …… (hear) it.
8. If the dog sees a starnger, it …….. (start) barking.
9. If she hears the story, she, ……..(laugh).
10. If you ask him, he ……. (tell) you.

EXERCISE 69 – CONDITIONAL ‘IF’

Fill in the banks with the correct tense forms of the verbs in brackets.

e.g. If she …… (come), she will see you here.

If she comes, she will see you here.

1. If she ……… (sing) well, she will get a prize.

2. If I meet Tom tonight, I …….. (tell) him.
3. If you do not come, I ……. (be ) angry.
 When we use more than one adjective to describe a noun, we must follow a certain order.

Adjectives : usual order noun

Quality size/age/shape colour origin

ADJECTIVES
Beautiful large brown chinese vase
Small green japanese car

A B The adjectives that describe a noun in greater detail are usually pllaced closer to the noun.
A man A tall man
A dog A white dog The more precise the adjective, the closer it is placed to the noun.
A book A thick book
A knife A sharp knife

Read the two groups of words above. EXERCISE 70 – ADJECTIVE

What is the difference between the words in A and those in B? Rewrite each of these sentences using the most suitable adjective in the brackets.
In B we know more about the nouns ‘man’, ‘dog’, ‘book’ and ‘knife’ the words tall. White,
thick and sharp tell us something about these nouns.
Such words are called Adjectives. e.g. Can you lift (thick, heavy) box?
Can you that heavy box?
Words which tell us something about nouns are called adjectives.
1. the cow is a(useless, useful) animal.
2. The (rich, poor) man has two cars.
Name the adjective in Jerome’s statement. 3. My grandfather is very (old,new).
It is ‘enjoyable’. 4. The kingfisher is a (stupid, beatiful) bird.
Which word in Bala’s statement is it formed from? 5. Be careful. It is a (fierce. Tame) dog.
It is formed from the verb ‘enjoy’. 6. It may rain. Look at those (white), dark) clouds.
We form it by adding –able. 7. I like Mary. She is a (sad, cherful) girl.
Adjective are also formed by adding-ish, -ful, -less, -en,-some, -ive, -al, etc. 8. Your feet are (dirty, clean). Wash them at once.
9. we like Mr. Jones. He is a (selfish, kind) man.
10. I cannot cut anything with this (sharp, blunt) knife.
Adjectives can be formed from nouns and verbs. They are formed by adding
–ish, -ful, -less, -en, - some, -ive, -al, etc. EXERCISE 71 – ADJECTIVE
Fill in the blanks with the correct adjectives from the box.

e.g. Tigers are ……….. animals

Tigers are fierce animals.
 1. Dad bought a (European /fast/ blue) car
2. Susan is wearing a (silk/beautiful/green) dress
3. Did you see the (Short/old/nice/chinese) woman
4. I’d like to buy that (oil/wonderful/large) painting
1. She has long ……. Hair. 5. She baked a (chocolate/delicious/large) cake
2. The beggar lives in a …….. hut. 6. Are you free to watch that (exiting/American/new) movie?
3. The clock on the wall is ……… 7. There are many (young/Hollywood/charming) actresses.
4. It is a …….. day. 8. I need a (new/ durable/black) umbrella.
5. Are these eggs ……. ? 9. She is an (korean/tall/atractive) woman
6. He could not lift the ………… box. 10. I found a (shiny/Russian/new) coin.
7. The fruit is as ……… as honey
8. He was very ……. He ate up all the food. EXERCISE 74 – ADJECTIVE
9. The water in that river is ……… Rewrite each of these sentences by changing the nouns or verbs into adjectives.
10. My brother’s books are ……..

EXERCISE 72 – ADJECTIVE e.g. I am very interested in this book.

Write out each sentence putting a suitabel adjective in the blank space. This book is very intersting.

e.g. These mangoes are very ……. 1. The princes is a beauty.

These mangoes are very sour.. 2. Every body likes David.
3. He bought a car that is gold in colour.
4. There are plenty of seats.
1. I was …….. for school this morning. 5. sally looks likes she is full of joy.
2. Have you a…… ruler? 6. I broke the window.
3. We want a ……. Box to put all these things in. 7. This painting is full of colour.
4. The road is ……. And dirty 8. Siti looks like she is deep in thought.
5. Talim is tall and ……. 9. There was a large crowd in the room.
6. The coconut tree is ……. 10. There is a lot of rust on this car.
7. Look at the thick, …… smoke
8. The bird has a …………… beak
9. The ……. Prince rode on a …… horse.
10. The ……… …….. witsh lived in the forest.

EXERCISE 73 – ADJECTIVE
Rewrite these sentences by rearranging the adjectives in the correct order.
 What are the adjectives?
‘Tall’, ‘thin’, ‘short’, ‘fat’, ‘old’ and ‘ugli’ are the adjectives.
How many adjectives are there in each sentence?
There are two
Adjectival phrases which have two or more adjectives in them.
‘Tall and thin’, ‘short and fat’, and ‘old and ugly’ are adjective pharases.

Adjectival phrases are made up of two or more adjectives.

EXERCISE 75 – ADJECTIVAL PHRASES

Jhoin these words together to make adjectival phrases, then make a sentence with each pharase.

e.g. rich, ugli

that man is rich but ugly.
1. nice, pretty
2. old, ugly
3. honest, hardworking,
4. neat, organised
5. energetic, youthful
6. Funny, clever
7. nice, warm
8. big, clumsy
9. fit, healthy
10. hot, bothered

EXERCISE 76 – ADJECTIVAL PHRASES

Jhoin these sentences together using adjectival phrases

e.g. Siti is clever. Siti is hardworking

Siti is clever and hardworking.
ADJECTIVE PHRASES

Look at the sentences above. 1. It is hot today. It sunny too.

 2. I like big rooms. I lke bright rooms David is comparing himself with the other three boys.
3. This book is thick. It also heavy He uses the Superlative Degree ‘fattest’ in his sentence.
4. I do not like rude people. I do not like inconsiderate He has added ‘est’ to ‘fat’.
5. sandy is friendly. She is also nice.
6. I like to watch interseting movies. They should also be funny.
We use (1) the Positive Degree to compare two equal things or person,
7. I am tired. I am haungry
8. trhis kicthen is neat. It is also clean (2) the Comparative Degree to compare two unequal things or person,
9. My bedroom is hot. It is also stuffy. and (3) the Superlative Degree to compare three or more things or
10. My pet dog is cute. My pet dog is also furry. persons. We add ‘-er’ for the Comparative Degree and ‘-est’ for the
Superlative Degree.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
The Comparative and Superlative of adjectives are formed in two other ways.
What word is added to ‘expensive’ to form the Comparative ?
‘More’ is added.
What is added to form the Superlative ?
‘Most’ is added.
Are the Comparative and Superlative of ‘litlle’ formed by adding ‘more’ and ‘most’ too?
No, they aren’t.
The words ‘less’ and ‘least’ which are completely different from ‘little’ are used.
This called an irregular comparison.

Some adjectives form their Comparative and Superlative with

‘more’ and ‘most’. Some comparisons are irregular.

The boys in the picture are making comparisons among them selves.
Steven and Peter are equally fat. Here is a list of comparisons for you to learn.
What words does Steven use to compare himself with Peter ?.
He uses ‘as fat as’. Positive Comparative Superlative
‘Fat’ is called the positif degree. As big as Bigger than The biggest of
Who else is comparing himself with Peter ? As black as Blacker than The blackest of
Benny is. As bold as Bolder than The boldest of
What does Benny add to ‘fat’ in his sentence ? As brave as Braver than The bravest of
He adds ‘-er’ As bright as Brighter than The brightest of
‘Father’ is the Comparative Degree of ‘fat’. As busy as Busier than The busiest of
As cheap as Cheaper than The cheapest of As merry as Merrier than The marriest of
As clean as Cleaner than The cleanest of As narrow as Narrower than The narrowest of
As clear as Clearer than The clearest of As naughty as Naughtier than The naughtiest of
As clever as Cleverer than The cleverest of As near as Nearer than The nearest of
As cold as Colder than The coldest of As new as Newer than The newest of
As cool as Cooler than The coolest of As nice as Nicer than The nicest of
As dark as Darker than The darkest of As noisy as Noisier than The noisiest of
As dear as Dearer than The dearest of As old as Older than The oldest of
As deep as Deeper than The deepest of As pale as Paler than The palest of
As dirty as Dirtier than The dirtiest of As poor as Poorer than The poorest of
As dry as Drier than The driest of As pretty as Prettier than The prettiest of
As easy as Easier than The easiest of As proud as Prouder than Tha proudest of
As fair as Fairer than The fairest of As quick as Quicker than The quickest of
As fast as Faster than The pastest of As red as Redder than The raddest of
As fat as Fatter than The fattest of As rich as Richer than The richest of
As fine as Finer than The finest of As ripe as Riper than The ripest of
As funny as Funnier than The funniest of As sad as Sadder than The saddest of
As great as Greater than The greatest of As safe as Safer than The safest than
As green as Greener than The greenest of As shallow as Shallower than The sallowest of
As happy as Happier than The happiest of As sharp as Sharper than The sharpest of
As hard as Harder than The hardest of As short as Shorter than The shortest of
As healthy as Healthier than The healthiest of As slow as Slower than The slowest of
As heavy as Heavier than The heaviest of As small as Smaller than The Smallest of
As high as Higher than The highest of As smooth as Smooth than The Smooth of
As hot as Hotter than The hottest of As soon as Sooner than The soonest than
As hungry as Hungrier than The hungriest of As strong as Stronger than The strongest than
As kind as Kinder than The kindest of As sweet as Sweeeter than The sweetest of
As large as Larger than The largest of As tall as Taller than The tallest of
As late as Later than The latest of As thick as Thicker than The thickest of
As lazy as Lazier than The laziest of As thin as Thiner than The thinnest of
As light as Lighter than The lightest of As tiny as Tinier than The tiniest of
As long as Longer than The longest of As true as Truer than The truest of
As low as Lower than The lowest of As ugly as Uglier than The ugliest of
As lucky as Luckier than The luckiest of As warm as Warmer than The warmest of
As made as Madder than The maddest of As wealthy as Wealhtier than The wealhtiest of
 As wet as Wetter than The wettest of
As white as Whiteer than The whitest of
As wide as Wider than The widest of
As wild as Wilder than The wildest of 1. pretty 6. dangerous 11. long16. honest
As wise as Wiseer than The wisest of 2. fast 7. red 12. many 17. haevy
As young as Younger than The youngest of 3. lazy 8. happy 13. tall 18. fair
As beautiful as More Beautifuller than The most beautifulest 4. wet 9. dark 14. sad 19. deep
As careful as More careful than The most careful 5. useful 10. bad 15. new 20. good
As comfortable as More Comfortable than The most comfortable
As dangerous as More dangerous than The most dangerous EXERCISE 78 – COMPARISON OF EDJECTIVES
Chose the correct word. Then write out each sentence.
As expensive as More expensive than The most dangerous
As foolish as More foolish than The most foolish
e.g. Sally isc(clever, cleverst) than her sister
As forgetful as More forgetful than The most forgetful
As handsome as More handsome than The most handsome Sally is shoes are (dirtier, dirtiest) than his.
As helpful as More helpful than The most helpful
As honenst as More honest than The most honest 1. today is ( hotter, hottest) than yesterday
As important as More important than The most important 2. Your shoes are (dirtier, dirtiset) than his.
As painful as More painful than The most painful 3. This is the (noiser, noisest) place in town.
As peaceful as More peaceful than The most peaceful 4. She is the (prettier, prettiest) of the three girls.
As pleasant as More pleasant than The most pleasant 5. An elephant is (bigger, biggest) than a tiger.
As polite as More polite than The most polite 6. My wacth is as (good, better) as yours.
As useful as More useful than The most useful 7. John is as (tall, taller) as shengcai.
As wonderful as More wonderful than The most wonderful 8. Our nighbours are (richer, richest) than we
As bad as Worse than The worst 9. Her is the (brave, bravest) of all the soldiers.
As good as Better than The best 10. A foot is (longer, longest) than a inch ; butn it is (short, shorter) than a yard.
As little as Less than The least
As many as More than The most EXERCISE 79 – COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
As much as More than The most
As far as Farther than The farthest Write out these sentences, giving the correct forms of the words in brackets. Some of the words
need not be changed at all.
EXERCISE 77 – COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Use each word to make different phrases. Make any necessary changes to the word. e.g. This pond is (deep) than the one near my house.
This pond is deeper than the one near my house
e.g. cold – (a) as cold than
(b) colder than
© the coldest of
1. Mr. Wang is (thin) than your father. 2. He ate (much) rice than yours
2. These oranges are (sweet) than those. 3. I Have as (many) marbels as he.
3. The wale is the (large) animal in the world. 4. This book is (good) than that.
4. Weiqiang is the (young) boy in class. 5. Your drawing is the (bad) of all.
5. We shall go home as (soon) as the bell rings. 6. My school is (far) than his
6. Your sister is nearly as (old) as I am. 7. There is (little) tea in the cup than in the pot.
7. His shirt is not as (wet) as yours. 8. Did you put in as (much) sugar as you are told to?
8. My handkechief is (clean) than hers.
9. Which book is (thick), yours or mine? EXERCISE 82 – COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
10. Today is (hot) than yesterday, but Friday was the (hot). Write out these sentnces, giving the correct fomrs of the words in brackets.

EXERCISE 80 – COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Write out these sentences, giving the correct forms of the words out in brackets. Someof the e.g Mount Everest is the (high) mountain in the world.
words need not be changed at all. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

e.g. This picture is (beautiful) than that one.

This picture is more beautiful than that one. 1. Alice is the (fair) girl in the room.
2. Zhitong is the (strong) of the three boys.
3. That flower is (beautiful) than this one.
1. This chair is (compfortable) than that one. 4. My house is (near) to the school than yours.
2. My pen is (expensive) of all 5. Her marks are (bad) than her friend’s
3. Her sister is (polite) than her brother 6. These questions are (difficult) than the ones we did yesterday
4. That box is (useful) than this one. 7. You are even (lazy) than your brother
5. Zhiling is the (helpful) boy in my class. 8. This room is much (Large) than that one.
6. Mrs. Chen is the (honest) person I know 9. he got the (many) marks in the class
7. His work is (important) than yours 10. It is (easy) to do this sum than to do that one.
8. My father is a (careful) than my uncle

EXERCISE 81 – COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Write out these sentences, giving the correct forms of the words out in brackets. Someof the
words need not be changed at all.

1. His painting is as (good) as yours

 The shirt was white.

Read these two sentences above.

In the first sentences the noun ‘shirt’ is used with ‘a’.
What word is it used with?
It is used with ‘the’
‘the’ is called the Defenite article.

‘The’ is called the defenite Article. When we speak of

something for the first time, we use the Indefinite Article ‘a’ or’
an’. When we speak of tha same thing again we use ‘the’

The picture shows the sky and the sun.

We have only one sky and one sun
Do we use ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ with these nouns?
We use ‘the’.
DEFINITIFE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES
We use ‘the’ when we speak of only one such thing.
In the sentences above, ‘a’ and ‘an’ are used with the nouns ‘bag’, ‘apple’ and ‘hour’.
These are singular countable nouns.
Which noun begins with a vowel sound? A book an elephant
‘Apple’ begins with a vowel sound. The Nile River the Indian Ocean
It is used with ‘an’ The Himalayas a postman
Which other word is used with ‘an’? A house the National Museum
‘hour’ is also used with ‘an’
This word begins with a silent ‘h’. Can you pick out thr nouns which are used with ‘the’? the nouns ‘nile River’, Himalayas’,
We call ‘a’ or ‘an’ the definite article. Indian Ocean’ and ‘National Museum’ are used with ‘the. They are the names of a river, a
mountain range, an ocean and a certain place.
The indefinite Articles is ‘a’ or ‘;an’. It is used with a singular
countable noun. We only use ‘an’ in front of nouns whth a vowel sound We also use ‘the’ before names of river, mountain range, an ocean and a
or a silent ‘h’ certain places.

He bought a shirt yesterday.

 EXERCISE 87 – A, AN, THE
EXERCISE 85 – A, AN Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’.
e.g. We saw …………..eangle in ………sky.
e.g. They are playing with …..ball. We saw an eagle in the sky.
they are playing with a ball.
1. You bought ………bag yesterday. Where is ……….bag now?
1. William has ……… dog. 2. We live near ……….Jade Cinema.
2. The hen laid …….. egg yesterday. 3. Ahmad is ……..good friend of mine.
3. He cut the tree with ……. Axe 4. ……………Himalayas lies to …..north of India.
4. Have you …….. umbrella? 5. There is ……worm on ……..floor.
5. he gave me …….. blue bag. 6. ………ant is ………..insect.
6. Her uncle is ……. Doctor. 7. ……..house has ……..roof.
7. She has ……… brother and ……. Sister. 8. Mr. Jones has …..cat. ………cat is called Pussy.
8. ………. Fox has ……… tail. 9. She bought ………pair of shoes and …handbag.
9. He bought …….. orange and …….. apple 10. I found ….pen yesterday. ………pen was lying on …..road.
10. ……. Ox is …….. animal.
EXERCISE 88 – A, AN, THE
Fill in the blank with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’. Do not write anything in the blank if it is not necessary.
EXERCISE 86 – A, AN
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’. Do not write anything in the blanks if it is not necessary.
e.g. She has …..tin of …….coffee. e.g. I have ……… uncle who lives near …….. Hilton hotel
She has a tin of coffee. I have an oncle who lives near the hilton hotel.
1. He gave me ……box of …….chocolates.
2. She drank …..glass of …….water. 1. ………. Chair is made of …….. wood
3. Mr. Chen sells ……….vegetables. 2. Have you been to …… museum before?
4. There are …………..new books in the library. 3. The man sells ……. Bananas and oranges.
5. have you seen …….owl before ? 4. ……. Apple grows on ……. Tree.
6. ………cow has ………tail. 5. ……. Cats eat …… fish.
7. She planted ….roses and …….orchids in her garden. 6. There is dust on the table. Wipe off ……. Dust.
8. He ate ………plate of ….rice 7. They went to …… Botanical gardens in …… car.
9. The farmer has ……buffalo and …..cow. 8. Wenliang is …….. monitor in ……. Class.
10. He wants ……..coffee. give him …….cup. 9. I ate ……. Slice of bread in ….. morning.
10. …….. sun is shining brightly in …… sky.

SOME AND ANY

The noun ‘sweet’ is countable and ‘bread’ is countable.

Can you name the words used with these nouns?
Some’ and ‘any’ are used.
When david asks a question, does he use ‘some’ or ‘any’?
He uses ‘any’.
John also uses ‘any’ when he gives David a negative answer.
Does he use ‘any’ too in his positive statement?
No, he doesn’t.
He uses’some’.

‘some’ and ‘any’ can be used with countable and uncountable nouns.
‘some’ is usally used in a positive statement. ‘any’ is usually is used in
a negative statement or a question.

Someone anyone
Somebody anybody
Something anything

Look at the word on the blackboard on page 76.

They are called compound words.
Each word is formed from ‘some’ our ‘any’ and another word 2. I like those flower. Please give me…..
Name the words which are joined with ‘some’ and ‘any’. 3. Are there……….letters for rme ?
The words are ‘one’, body and ‘thing’to from compound words. 4. She hasn’t ……new clothes to wear.
5. There are …….glasses on the table.
‘some and ‘any’ can be joined with ‘one, ‘body and ‘thing’ 6. he didn’t give me…..money this morning.
to form compound words. 7. I cannot eat….more rice.
8. She wants to borrow…..of your books.
9. You ate…..cakes, didn’t you?
EXERCISE 89 – SOME, ANY 10. Have you …………….work for me to do?
Fill in the blanks with ‘some’ or ‘any’. Then write out each sentences.
EXERCISE 91 – SOMEONE, ANYONE, SOMETHING,
1. Do you want ……….. sugar? ANYTHING, ECT.
2. have you ……….nails ?
3. Have you ……. Water in glass? Fill in the blanks by joining the words in the brackets with ‘some’ or ‘any’.
4. He has …… books to show you.
5. There were ………..boys in the hall. e.g. Is there ………(thing) for me to do ?
6. I haven’t ………coins in my pockect. Is there anything for me to do ?
7. Are there …………rats in your house ?
8. There are ……….sweets in the box
9. Here are ……….stamps for you. 1. There is …….(one) waiting outside.
10. There isn’t …….ink in this bottle. 2. Was there ……(one) at home ?
3. Is ………..(body) coming to play this evening ?
4. There is ……….(thing) I must tell you.
5. ……..(body) has taken my bag.
6. She doesn’t want to see ……..(one)
7. She didn’t speack to ……..(body) last night.
8. He put ………..(thing) into his bag.
9. ……. (one) is knocking at the door.
EXERCISE 90 – SOME, ANY 10. Have you ……(thing) fo us to eat ?.
Fill in the blanks with ‘some’ or ‘any’. Then write out each sentences.

e.g. He poured ………tea into the cup.

He poured some tea into the cup.

1. There are ……….pictures in this book.

 No, it is not.
Are apples countable?
Yes, they are.
We use different quantifiers for countable and uncountable nouns.
Here are some examples of quantifiers for uncountable nouns.

Not much flour less flour

Some flour any flour
No flour all the flour
A lot of flour
Now look at these examples of quantifiers for countable nouns.

1. not many oranges

QUANTIFIERS 2. some oranges
3. no oranges
4. fewer oranges
5. a lot of oranges
6. the whole oranges
7. each and every oranges
8. all the oranges
9. both the oranges
What are the nouns in the sentences above ? 10. another oranges
They are “milk’ and ‘apples’. 11. each oranges
How do you now how much milk there is, or how many aplles there are?. 12. either/neither oranges
Because of the words ‘a little’ and a ‘few’. 13. other oranges
They are called quantifiers.
Quantifiers tell you how many things, or how much of something, we are talking about. Did you notice that some quantifiers can be used for both countable and uncountable nouns?
What are they?
They are ‘some’, ‘no’, ‘a lot of’, and ‘all’.
Quantifiers modify nouns to show how much or how many there are
Some quantifiers can be used with countable and uncountable nouns.

Do you remember what you learned about countable and uncountable nouns? EXERCISE 91 a – MUCH, MANY
Is milk countable ?
Fill in the blanks with ‘much’ or ‘any’. EXERCISE 91 c– QUANTIFIERS
Fill in the blanks with the correct quantifiers.
e.g. not …………eggs
1. Please have …………..tea.
not many eggs
2. John is hungry. He woud like ……rice.
1. too …….…tea; too ….…..tea bags 3. There isn’t ……… singer left in the jar.
2. not ……….milk; not ….…..jugs of milk; 4. Who has Eaten …….. the cookies?
3. too ……….grass; too …..….blades of grass. 5. The melons cost two dollars ……..
4. not ………cloth; not ..…….bales of of cloth. 6. I am going to buy more apples as there are only ……….. left.
5. too …..…..books; too …..….pager 7. Sara has a small appetite. She does not eat ……..
6. not ………cars; not ………traffic 8. I like my coffe milky. Please add …… milk.
7. too ………cubes of sugar; too …….. sugar. 9. There are ………. Contestant in this year’s race than there were last year.
8. not ………apples; not …..… apple juice. 10. It is believed that there are …….. living things on Mars.
9. too ………pollution; too ………roads.
10. not ………laungther; not ………jokes.

EXERCISE 91 b– QUANTIFIERS

Chose the correct word. The write out each sentence.

ADVERBS
e.g. She bought (a lot of, a little) dresses.
She bought a lot of dresses. Look at the words ‘hard’, ‘sweetly’ and ‘loudly’
They are used with berbs and are called adverbs.
1. You have added (too much, little) salt the soup. It’s tastelless. What work do adverbs do?
2. There are (some, no) eggs in this omelette. They add to the meaning of verbs.
3. Please take the (whole, all) melon. ‘hard’, ‘slowly’ and ‘loudly’ tell us how the actions are done.
4. There isn’t (many, any) milk left. The are adverbs of manner.
5. I like the oranges. I will take (each, another) one.
6. There isn’t (a little, much) support of this team. Adverbs adds to the meaning of a verb. An adverb of
7. There are two books on the table. I need (some, both). manner tell us HOW an action is done.
8. You need to add (less, fewer) sugar of the coffee.
9. We bought (a little, a lot of) souvenirs when we were in America.
10. To stay healthy, we should drink (a lot of, much) water.
Which words in the sentences answer the question ‘when?’
‘Now’ and ‘last night’ answer the question ‘When?’
They tell us when the actions are done.
These words are also adverbs.
We call them Adverbs of time.
An adverb of time tell us WHEN an action is done.
Look at the words ‘overnight’ and ‘briefly’.
They tell us how long the actions will last.
They are Adverbs of Duration
Adverbs of Duration tell you HOW LONG an action lasts.
EXERCISE 92 – ADVERBS
Fill in the with the corredt adverbs in the shaded box. Then write out each sentence.

What question – word does Mr. Brown used in his question? e.g. I came ……….. to school yesterday
He uses the question-word ‘how often?’ I came late to school yesterday.
Can you name the words that answer this question?
The words are ‘ sometimes’ and ‘never’.
These words are used before the verbs.
Quickly quently bitterly clearly hard
Such words are called adverbs of frequency. late
They are also called Mid-position Adverbs. Soundly broadly angrily wisely carefully
1. He slept ………. In the night.
2. The man shouted ………
Adverbs of frequency are also called Mid-position adverbs. They tell us
3. He works ……… in the class.
HOW OFTEN an action is done. 4. The thief crept …….. into the room.
5. My father always drives ……….
Which word in the sentence answer the question ‘where?’ 6. The king ruled …………..
‘here’ answer the guestion ‘where?’ 7. The woman cried ……….
It tell us about place. 8. She walked in and smiled ……….
9. He walked ……… to the bus-stop.
An adver of place tell us WHERE an action is done. 10. The teacher spoke ………….. to the pupils.

EXERCISE 93 – ADVERBS
Which word in the sentence answer the questions ‘why?’ Choose the correct word. Then write out each sentence.
‘since’ answer the question ‘why?’
‘Since’ tell us why Rita went home. e.g. She will the work (tomorrow, last night)
It tell us reason. she will finish work tomorrow.
An Adverb of Reason tells you WHY an action happens.
1. It will rain (yesterday,soon)
2. I met Jane (last week, tomorrow).
 3. The bell rang (now, just, now)
4. He left school (next year, last year)
5. We are going home (now, last night)
6. I will show you the picture (tomorrow, last Friday)
7. We slept late (tonight, last night).
8. They are going for a picnic ( yesterday, now)
9. she wrote a letter to her friend ( yesterday, now)
10. Christians go to church (just now, on Sunday).
EXERCISE 94 – ADVERBS
Fill in the blanks with ‘always’ or ‘never’.
e.g. The sun ……….. rises in the east.
The sun always rises in the east.
EXERCISE 95 – ADVERBS
Rewrite each sentence, changing ‘often’ to ‘seldom’.
10. The baby often cries at night.
EXERCISE 96 – ADVERBS
Put the adverb in the brackets in the correrct place. Them write out each sentence.
e.g I visit my aunt in Seaside Park.. (sometimes)
I something visit my aunt in Seaside park
1. She goes to the cinema. (often).
2. Do you try to do your best? (always)
3. He sweeps the floor. (sometimes)
4. John does his homework. (never)
5. They buy vegetables from that man. (usually)
6. I sleep in the afternoon. (seldom)
7. He gets up before 9 o’clock. (never)
8. The swim in the lake. (sometimes)
9. Does it rain in November? (often)
10. We play football in the evening. (usually)

e.g. He often goes to bed early. EXERCISE 96a – ADVERBS

She seldom goes to bed early. Choose the correct word. Then write out each sentence.

1. The teachers meet (quetly, briefly) in the staffroom every Friday.

2. I don’t like bitterguurd. I (always, never) eat it.
3. We ran (quickly, slowly) to help the old woman who had fallen down.
4. That house was broken into (tomorrow, lastnight).
5. Please come (there, here) and speak to me.
1. I often meet Susan in the morning. 6. The boy shouted (loudly, sofly) when he realised his bicycle had been is arriving
2. She often does her work well. (yesterday, soon).
3. He often walks to school. 7. I cannot eat this apple (often, as) I have a toothache
4. They often go to the cinema. 8. The bus is arriving (yesterday, soon).
5. We often listen to the radio. 9. Jack is Honest, he (never, always) tells a lie.
6. She often does her work well. 10. The two friends were chatting (angrily, happily) over a cup of tea.
7. I often wake up at 6 o’clock.
8. They often have bread for breakfast.
9. We often play in the garden.
 How many syllables are there in the adverbs ‘fast’ and ‘hard’?
They are one – syllabe adverbs.
How are the comparative and the superlative of these adverbs formed?
They are formed by adding ‘-er’ and ‘-est’.

One-syllable adverbs form the comparative with ‘-er’ and the

superlative with ‘-east’.

Follow Mr. Shen’s instructions.

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS Is the comparison of these adverbs the same as those mentioned?
The comparative and the superlative are not formed by adding ‘-er’ and ‘-est’ or ‘more’, and
Look at the comparison of adverbs in this chapter and the comparison of adjectives in chapter ‘most’.
21. These comparations are irreguler.
Are they similar?
Yes, they are guite similar. The comparison of some adverbs are ireguler.
Like adjectives, adverbs also have three degress of comparison – the positive, the Comparison
and the Superlative.
The adverb ‘quickly’ ends in ‘-ly’. Here are some examples of the comparison of adverbs.
What words are added to it form the comparitive and the superlative? Positive Comparative Superlative
‘more’, and ‘most’ are added. As angrily as More angrily than The most angrily
As brightly as More brightly than The most brightly
Adverbs have three degress of comparison – the Positive, the As carefully as More carefully than The most carefully
comparative and the superlative. Adverbs ending in –ly form the As clearly as More clearly than The most clearly
comparative with ‘’more’ and the superlative with ‘most’. As happily as More happily than The most happily
As kindly as More kindly than The most kindly
As loudly as More loudly than The most loudly
Look at this comparison. As quetly as More quetly than The most quetly
As fast as faster than the fastest As slowly as More slowly than The most slowly
As fast as Faster than The fastest
As hard as harder than the hardest
As hard as Harder than The hardest
As late as Later than The latest
As long as Longer than The longest
 As near as Nearer than The nearest 5. She sings as (sweetly, more sweetly) as her sister
As soon as Sooner than The soonest 6. He studied (harder, hardest) than Tom.
As badly as Worse than The worst 7. He fought the (more bravely,most bravely) of all the soldiers.
As early as Earlier than The earliest 8. The boy wrote (more carefully, most carefully) than all of them.
As far as Farter than The fartest 9. He ran (fast, faster) than all the others.
As little as Less than The least 10. James played as (well, better) as you.
As much as More than The most
As well as Better than The best EXERCISE 99 – ADVERBS OF COMPARISON
Write out these sentences giving the correct form the words in the brackets. Some of the words
need not be changed at all.
EXERCISE 97 – ADVERBS OF COMPARISON
Give (a) the comparative and (b) Tha superlative of these adverbs. e.g. She speaks (softly) than Weilan
She speaks more softly than Weilan.
e.g. quickly - (a) more quickly than
1. The child slept (soundly) than his mother.
(b) the most quickly
2. Jinhua ate as (much) as I did.
Hard - (a) harder than 3. He waited (long) than he usually did.
(b) the hardest 4. It is running as (heavly) as it did yesterday.
1. early 7. easily 5. The wind is blowing (strongly) then it did yesterday.
2. Greedily 8. quietly 6. She came (late) than Paul and Zhitong.
3. beautifully 9. noisily 7. Samad ran the (slowly) of all the boys.
4. far 10. badly 8. Speak as (clearly) as you can.
5. soon 11. much 9. He jumped (high) than all the other boys.
6. happily 12. slowly 10. He walked (far) than the rest.

EXERCISE 98 – ADVERBS OF COMPARISON

Choose the correct word. Then write out each sentence.

e.g. She loves alice the (more dearly, most dearly) of all her children
She loves alice the most dearly of all her children.

1. John ate (greedily, more greedily) than his brother.

2. The man shouted the (more loudly, most loudly) of all.
3. He came (later, latest) than Zhiming.
4. This dog barked (more fiercely, most fiercely) than that.
 Mrs. Tan has told where to put the books.
Where did she tell him to put them?
She told him to put the books ‘over there’.
What do we call this adverbial?
We call it an Adverbial of Place.

An Adverbial of Place tells you where something happens.

Why can’t Susan go to the party?

Because she will be busy.
This is an Adverbial of Reason.
ADVERBIALS It tells you why something happens.

An Adverbial of Reason tells you why something happens.

Read the sentences in the box.
What can you say about the undrlined phrases?
Do you think they meaning of the verbs in each sentence?
Yes, they do. I will be staying in China for two weeks.
They are called adverbials. He is still waiting to hear from her.
Adverbials do the work of adverbs
Read the first sentence again. Pick out the adverbials in these sentences.
What kind of adverbials is ‘in an angry way? They are ‘for two weeks’ and ‘still waiting.
It is an adverbial of manner because it tells you how something is done. What do they tell you?

What about the second sentence?

An Adverbial of Duration tells you how long it takes for an action to
‘as soon as possible’ is an adverbial of time because it tells you when an action is done.
Now reread the third sentence. happen. It also tells you if something is continuing, stopping or is not
Do you agree that ‘once a week’ is an Adverbial of Frequency? happening at the moment.
It tells you how often an action is done.
EXERCISE 99A – ADVERBIALS
Adverbials do the work of adverbs.
Underlined the advernials in the sentences below. Then write down what type of adverbials 8. (raking leaves/ Dad/ in the /is/garden)
they are.
1. They toy train on the table.
2. I will be home late I have tennis practice. 9. (I /shopping/as/ I /have to/ cannot go/ study)
3. Sally laughed in a rude way.
4. I have not seen Jenny since last week.
5. Please sign under the line 10. (behaved/unruly manner/the class/ in an)
6. We will be leaving early next month
7. Please try to come as soon as posible.
8. Jane and I meet once a week for lunch.
9. paul is asleep in his room.
10. He lost his pen because he was careless.

EXERCISE 99a – ADVERBIALS

Write the sentence parts in the correct order.

1. (I /walking/as I could/was/as/ guickly

2. (trafic lights/please/at the / stop)

3. (saw /as/I /the keys/leaving/I was)

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Read what the people are saying in the pictures.

4. (held/ceremony/next/ week/will be/ the)
Can you name all the words which take the people of nouns in each conversation?
‘I ‘, ‘me’, ‘you’, ‘them’ and, ‘she’ take the place of nouns.
Such words are called Personal Pronouns.
5. (clean/once/ a week /we/ the windows)
Words which take the palce of nouns in a conversation are
6. (he lost/angry/he is /because) called Personal Pronouns.
EXERCISE 100 – PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Choose the correct words then write out each senten ce.
7. (he has/ a long time/ been there /for)
e.g. I vant these sums. (it, they) are very hard.
I can’t do these sums. They are very hard.
 1. Did you see her? No, ………….. didn’t.
2. Is he your brother? Yes, ………… is.
3. Andrew is here now. Give this book to ………….
1. This is John. (she, he) is my cousins. 4. They could not come because …… were busy.
2. Shenghua has come. (he, she) wants to see you. 5. I like Alice ……… is my best friend.
3. Are these your pencils? Yes, (they, it) are. 6. They are sleeping. Don’t disturb ……….
4. The girls are standing at the bus-stop. (she, they) are waiting for the bus. 7. Shall we go? I think ……… ought to.
5. My sister is not at home. (he, she) has gone out. 8. I can’t do these sums. Will you please help ……..?
6. I am looking for a knife. )I, she) want to cut the bread. 9. The book was here a minute ago. ………. Is not here now.
7. Peter and I went to the beach last week. (we, they) cycle there. 10. The teacher punished ………… because he was lazy.
8. Whose pen is this? (they ,it) is mine
9. I haven’t seen you for a month. Were have (I, you) been?
10. My uncle is a teacher. (he, she) lives in Rose Garden.

EXERCISE 100 – PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Choose the correct words then write out each senten ce.

e.g. Do you know that man? He is waving to (you, it).

1. That’s the house.
Do Can
you you
knowseethat
(it, him)
man? He is waving to you.
2. I haven’t a pen. Please lend (me, you) yours.
3. Guoning has a new bycle. His father gave it to (him, her)
4. We saw meiling yesterday but she did not see (her, us)
5. I have bought some new dresses. Do you want to see (her, us).
6. Ann was sick yesterday. The doctor gave (him, her) some pills.
7. He is hungry. Give (him,her) a piece of cake to eat.
8. Who are those men? I have never seen (him,them) before.
9. The cat is hungry. Give (them, it) something to eat.
10. Has Jim written to (you, me) since he left for England.

EXERCISE 100 – PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Fill in the blanks with suitable personal pronouns. Then write the snetensces.

e.g. I don’t know. They didn’t tell ………..

I don’t know. They didn’t tell me.
 9. Did you cut (yourself, myself) with a knife.
10. you must take car of (yourself, myself) .

EXERCISE 107 – REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. Use each word twice.

Myslef yourself himself herself

ourselves
‘I ‘, ‘he’ and ‘they’ are the subjects of the sentences above.
Can you name the objects? themselves
They are ‘my self’, ‘himself’ and ‘them selves’. 1. He washed ….. in the bathroom.
Does the action of the pass to another person? 2. Mry taught ….. to sing the song.
No, it doesn’t. 3. I bought ……… anew shirt.
The word ending in ‘self’ shows that the action passes back the doer. 4. You will cut …… with the blade.
Therefore the subject and the object of each sentence are the same person. 5. we threw …….. on the bed.
Word like ‘myself’, ‘himself’ and ‘themselves’ are called reflexive pronouns. 6. The built …….. a hut
7. She blamed ………… for the accident.
Reflexive pronouns are used when the action done by the doer passes back 8. Stephen saw ………. In the mirror.
to himself, so that the subject and the object of the sentence are the same 9. I hurt ……….. when I fell down.
person. 10. Did you cut ………. A slide of bread?
11. They saved …….. in the morning.
12. We finished the work ……….
EXERCISE 106 – REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Choose the correst word. Then write out each senetence.

e.g. I made (my self, youeself) a kite.

I made my self a kite EXERCISE 107 – REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. Use each word twice.
1. He has burnt ( himself, herself).
2. She bught (himself, herself) a new dress. e.g. We bought ………. Some cakes.
3. I built (myself, yourself) a boat. We bought ourselves some cakes.
4. You looked at (myself, yourself) In the mirror.
5. They behaved (themselves, ourselves) well.
6. We found (them selves, oursleves) in a big room. 1. He hit ……… with the stick.
7. Tom hurt (herself, himself) yesterday. 2. She hurt ……. During the game.
8. She enjoyed (herself, himself) at the party. 3. She dressed ………… in white.
4. He ordered ………. An ice-cream.
5. You must wipe ……….. dry.
6. We helped …………. To the bananas.
7. They punished ……….. for the mistake.
8. I fan ………. When I am hot.

CONJUNCTIONS

She can sing. She can dance.

A
She can sing and dance.
I have a cake. i have some sweets
B
I a cake and some sweets.
Mary is sleeping. Meiling is Sleeping too
C
Mary is sleeping and Meiling is sleeping too.

Look at ‘and’ in the sentneces above.

How is it used in box A?
It is used to join the words ‘sing’ and ‘dance’.
‘and’ does not only join two words together.
It is used to join groups of words too, as in box B.
Of what use is ‘and’ in box C?
It is used is ‘and’ in join sentneces.
‘and’ is called a conjungtion.
Other examples of conjujunctions are ‘but’, ‘or’, ‘so’ and ‘because’.

1. We can walk but cannot fly.

2. He was ill so he did not go to school.
3. Do you like tea or coffe?
4. We did not play football because it was raining.
 3. She went into the shop. She did not buy anything.
4. The glass fell down. It broke into pieces.
5. My little sister can talk. She cannot read.
6. Mr. Chen is very tired. He does not want to rest.
7. She took up a brush. She started to paint at once.
Conjunction join together words, groups of words and 8. Mrs. Smith washed the clothes. She put them out to dry.
sentences. 9. I bought some sugar. I did not buy any salt.
10. They hurried to the station. They could not cacth the train.

EXERCISE 112 – AND, BUT EXERCISE 114 – OR, SO, BECAUSE

Fill in the blanks with ‘and’ or ‘but’. Then write out each sentence. Fill in the blanks with ‘or’, ‘so’ or ‘because’. Then write out each sentence.

e.g. She walked to the door ……. Opened it. e.g. I could not carry the box …….. it was too heavy.
She wlked to the door and opened. it I could not carry the box because it was too heavy.
1. He did not come ……. I went.
1. We have a dog ……. A cat 2. Will you take this ……… that?
2. She has a bicycle ……. Nbo car. 3. He went to the dentist …….. he had toothache.
3. He pushed hard ……… could not open the door. 4. The baby cried …….. it was hungry.
4. A fish can swim …….. cannot fly. 5. I can’t see well …….. I wear glases.
5. Tom is writing ……. His brother is writing too. 6. Shall we play football ……… badminton?
6. I like milk ……….. my sister doe not. 7. We were tired ………. We went to bed early.
7. She opene the book …….. started to read it. 8. They did not know ……… I did not well tell them.
8. I needed a pen ……… had no money to buy one. 9. Hurry up ………. You will be late.
9. She fell down …… broke her leg. 10. It was very hot ……… I switched on the fan.
10. I asked him for a dollar ……. He gave it to me.
EXERCISE 115 – OR, SO, BECAUSE
EXERCISE 113 – AND, BUT Join these pairs of sentences using ‘or’, ‘because’, or ‘so’
Join these pairs of sentences using ‘and’ or ‘but’. You may leave out the words in bold.
e.g. He was robbed. He telephone the police.
e.g. He opened the cupboard. He took out a book. He was robbed so he telehoned the police.
He opened the cupboard and took out a book
1. He had no money. He sold his bicycle.
2. I must go now. It is getting late.
1. His clothes were torn. His clothes were dirty. 3. Dom you want an apple? Do you want an orange?
2. He put on his shoes. He walked out of the house. 4. He lost his shoes. He walked home barefoot.
 5. Take an umbrella you will get wet.
6. We like Miss Jones. She is very kind.
7. You are fat. You eat too much.
8. They did not go to work. It was a holiday.
9. She could not carry the box. We helped her.
10. You must water your plants. They will die.

EXERCISE 115 – AND, BUT, BECAUSE, SO,OR

Fill in the blanks with the words in the shaded box. You may use each word more than once.

e.g. He switched off the light ………. Went to bed.

He switched off the light and went to bed.

And but because so or

1. They missed the bus ………. They were late.

2. He crossed the street ……. Walked into a shop.
3. You must behave yourself ……… he will punish you.
4. We can do it tomorrow ……….. not today.
5. The man dived into the river ……. Saved the boy.
6. I was late ……. I had to take a taxi.
7. It was raining all day ……. We stayed at home.
8. He was fishing all afternoon ……. Did not catch anything
9. is this yours ……… hers?
10. She put on a coat …….. she was cold.
 EXERCISE 116a – ‘NOT ONLY…. BUT ALSO’, ‘AND’, ‘AS WELL AS’, ‘BOTH ….
AND’.
MORE CONJUCTIONS (1) Fill in the blanks using ‘not only….. but also’, ‘and’m ‘as well as’ and ‘both…and’.

1. Bala mis …….. naughty ….. rude

2. I like ……….. action movies…….. comedies
Do you know what the conjunction is in this sentence? 3. Jane is clever …………… talented.
It is ‘not only … but also’. 4. This car is …………. Inexpensive ………. Attractive.
What does it join together? 5. The road is long ……….. winding.
It join two or more words or statements together. 6. I am ……….tired ……….. hungry.
Can you think of any other conjunction that do this? 7. Jack …….. Jill are coming to the party.
They are ‘and’, ‘as well as’ and ‘both … and’. 8. Sara’s puppy is …….. cute ……. Well-behaved.
9. It is hot ………… humid today.
Conjuctions such as ‘not only … but also’, ‘and’, ‘as well as’ and 10. I enjoy ……. Cooking …….. baking.
‘both …. And’ join two or more words or statements togeher.
EXERCISE 116b – ‘YET’, ‘BUT’, ‘STILL’, ‘HOWEVER’, ‘ALTHOUGH’
Read these senstences. Fill in the blanks using ‘yet’, ‘but’, ‘still’, ‘however’ or although’.
1. I wanted to go to the party but I wasn’t free.
2. He was ill, yet he went to school. 1. I liked the dress ……….. I did not buy it.
2. ………… Jim was tired, he went swimming.
What do the conjuctions ‘yet and ‘but’ do? 3. The cinema was crowded ………., we ………. Managed to find seats.
They show contrast. 4. ………. We went to the zoo, we did not see any monkeys.
Other conjuctions that show contras are ‘still’, ‘however’ and ‘although’. 5. I saw Alice ……… she did not look well.
6. Mary came to see you, ……… you were out.
7. ………… he is young, he is very well-read.
Conjuctions as ‘yet’, ‘but’, ‘still’, ‘however’ and ‘although’ show contrast 8. They are poor ……… they are happy.
between the first part of the sentence and the second. 9. I tried calling Lisa …….. there was no answer.
10. The man pleaded ……. Everybody refused to help.
Read what Richard and Susan are saying.
What do the conjuctions ‘either…..or’ and ‘neither….nor’ do? EXERCISE 116c – ‘EITHER ….OR’, ‘NEITHER…NOR’, ‘OR ELSE’
They show what Richard and Susan choose. Fill in the blanks using ‘either ….or’, ‘neither…nor’, ‘or else’.
Other conjuctions that show chice are ‘or’ and ‘or else’.
1. I would like ……. The blue ……. The green skirt.
Conjunctions like ‘or’ and ‘or else’ show choice.
2. I think John is ……. Rude ……. Naughty.
3. The poor childreen have ……. Toys ……. Books.
4. Hurry ……… you will be late!
5. I enjoy ……… swimming ………. Cycling because they keep me fit.
6. Jack must be joking to say a thing like that, …….. he’s crazy.
7. I need to speak to …….. Mr Tan …….. Mrs. Tan.
8. Sara is very busy ……. She would help you .
9. Singapore has …… snow……. Fog.
10. You had better be home ealry, …….. Mother will scold you!

MORE CONJUNCTION (2)

The sentences above is made up of two statements.

Do you know what they are?
They are ‘I did not go to school’ and ‘I was ill.’
What is the conjunction that joins them together?
‘because’ is the conjunction that joins them together.
‘because’ is used when you want to explain why something happens.
Other conjunction that show reason are ‘as’, ‘since’ and ‘for’.

Conjunction like ‘because’, ‘as’, ‘since’ and ‘for’ are used to show
reason.

1. I will wake up ealry so that I won’t be late.

2. I went out to buy stamps.

What are the conjunction in the sentences?

They are ‘so that’ and ‘to’.
Reread the second part of the two sentences.
What do they tell you?
They tell you the pupose of the action.
Other conjunction that show purpose are ‘in order to’ and ‘that’.
 Conjunctions like ‘so that’, ‘to’, ‘in order to’ and ‘that’ are used to Onjunctions like ‘where’ and ‘wherever’ are used to show place.
show purpose.
EXERCISE 116 d – ‘BECAUSE ‘
1. Fisrtly, you have to break the eggs. Answer these qusetion using ‘because’.
2. Next, beat them in a bowl.
e.g. John fell down. Why is john bleeding ?
Read these sentences. john is bleeding because he fell down.
What are the conjungtions?
They are ‘firstly’ and ‘next’. 1. We forgot our textbooks. Why was the teacher angry?
They tell you the sequence of how things are done. 2. I have too much homework. Why aren’t you watching television.
Other conjunctions that express sequence are ‘then’ and ‘before’. 3. I was taking a shower. Why didn’t you answer the telephone?
4. James and Annie had an argument. Why is Annie James?
As I was walking home from school, 5. I was tired. Why did you go to bed early?
I saw bala. 6. Lisa is too busy. Why is Ailing crying?
7. Ailing lost her wallet. Why is ailing crying?
I had not seen him since last year.
8. I missed the bus. Why are you late?
When he saw me, he waved. 9. Sammy did well in his exams. Why was Sammy’s mother happy?
10. I have test tomorrow. Why are you stuying?
Read the first sentence of what David is saying.
What does ‘as’ do? EXERCISE 116e – ‘BECAUSE ‘
It tells you what time David saw Bala. Fill in the blanks with ‘so that’ or ‘where’. Then write each sentence.
‘Since’ tells you the amount of time that has passed since David.
Another conjunction that express time is ‘while’. 1. Please put on your sweater ……. You won’t fell cold.
2. How did you know ……… to find Peter?.
Onjunctions like ;firstly’ and ‘next’ express sequence. 3. Put your bag …… you won’t lose them.
Conjunction like ‘as’, ‘since’ and ‘when’ express time. 4. I found my shoes ……… I left them.
5. We would like an apartment ………. We gaet a good view of the city.
6. Study hard ……… you will do well in your examinations.
Read these sentences. 7. ……… jobs are hard to find, few people remain.
1. Walk over to where Mary is standing. 8. Go to bed early …… you won’t be tired in the morning.
2. Leave your keys where I can see them. 9. Eat a good breakfast ….. you won’t be hungry.
10. ……… that famous actor goes, his fans follow.
What do ‘where mary is standing’ ‘where I can see them’ refer to?
They refer to a place.