Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Perpetaan Geologi
(Peralatan Pemetaan Geologi)
Oleh :
Irvani

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Referensi :
Sukandarrumidi, 2011. Pemetaan Geolog : Penuntun Praktis Untuk
Geologist Pemula. UGM Press, Yogyakarta.
Coe, A.L., Argles, T.W., Rothery, D.A. And Spicer, R.A., 2010.
Geological Field Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., UK.
Bates, R.L. and Jackson, J.A., 1987. Glossary Geology. 3th Edition.
American Geological Institute Elexandria, Virginia.
Van Der Pluijm, B. A. and Marshak, S. 2004. Earth Structure. 2nd
Edition. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., USA.
Dll

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Materi (Pokok Bahasan)

VI Tahap Pemetaan Geologi (P.6-13)
a. Persiapan (P.6)
b. Pengambilan data lapangan (P.7-9)
II Pengenalan Kartografi (P.2)
- Petrologi dan mineralogi (P.7)
- Stratigrafi batuan
III Jenis Peta (P.3)
- Struktur geologi (P.8)
Peta situasi, Peta topografi
- Sampling dan penomoran (P.9)
& Peta tematik
- Plotting data
c. Analisis laboratorium (P.10)
IV Peralatan Pemetaan Geologi (P.4)
d. Penyajian peta (P.11-13)
a. Macam dan jenis alat/bahan
- Rekonstruksi struktur geologi
b. Teknik pemakaian alat
- Satuan batuan
- Kolom stratigrafi dan korelasi
V Metode Pemetaan Geologi (P.5)
- Sayatan geologi
a. Orientasi lapangan
- Penyajian peta & pelaporan
b. Lintasan kompas
c. Lintasan kompas dan pita ukur VII Keselamatan Kerja dan Etika Geologi
(P.14)
I Pendahuluan (P.1)

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

I. Macam dan Jenis Bahan/Peralatan

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Peta dasar (peta topografi)

Peta geologi regional
Kompas
Lup
Douglas Protaktor
Pita ukur
GPS
Altimeter
Palu Geologi
Buku lapangan dan alat tulis (bulpein, pensil, penghapus, spidol
permanen, pensil warna, rapido, jangka, dll)
Penggaris dan busur derajat
Clip board
Komparator mineral dan ukuran butir
Kamera
Kantong sample
Dll

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Comfort, field safety and field safety

equipment
Clothes, backpack/rucksack and personal provisions
Field safety
(1) Be prepared : i.e. a map and compass and/or a GPS;
mobile phone, radio or satellite phone.
(2) Assess and monitor the potential hazards : i.e. Falling rocks,
Snow avalanches, Mudslides and unconsolidated rocks, Rising
tides, Slippery rocks, Uneven surfaces and surfaces covered with
boulders, Unpredictable weather, Lightning, Dangerous beasties
and plants, Working machinery, toxic substances, Fatigue.
(3) Know what to do in an emergency
Field safety equipment
Hard hat, Reflective clothing, Goggles

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Peta Dasar
Peta dasar diperoleh dari peta topografi, citra satelit
dan foto udara
Peta geologi yang baik memiliki peta dasar yang baik
juga

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Advantages
and
disadvantages
of
aerial
photographs and satellite images for geological
mapping.

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

(a) Landsat image of part of southern Tibet, using bands 7, 5 and 3 (2.08
2.35 m, 1.55 2.75 m, 0.60 0.69 m wavelength respectively) to
make a composite RGB image. Granites and gneisses in domes show up
pale pink or beige, while metamorphic schists mantling the domes appear
dark purple. Boxes show areas of images in part (b). (b) ASTER satellite
images of the two boxed areas shown in (a). Granite appears red;
gneisses appear pale blue; Palaeozoic schists appear dark blue to purple.
(Landsat data in (a) courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey/NASA;
ASTER images in (b) from Watts et al. 2005 .)

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Peta geologi regional

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

A selection of symbols
for use in preparing
geological
maps.
Alternatives are given
for some
of the
symbols.

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

The compass

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Magnetic declination
(a) Simplified sketch of the Earth to
show the relationship between
magnetic declination, magnetic
north, true north and, via the inset,
the longitude, latitude and a grid
system (in this case the UK grid
squares). (b and c) Typical map
information showing magnetic
north, true north and grid north.
The adjustment of the magnetic
declination is shown by the red
arrows; (b) is for a westerly
declination of magnetic north from
true north and (c) is for an easterly
declination.

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Fungsi kompas geologi :

Orientation of a dipping plane

Sketch to show strike, dip magnitude and dip direction of

a plane.

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Fungsi kompas :
Triangulation: Determining location using a compass

10

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Contoh fungsi kompas

menentukan posisi

dan

peta

untuk

(a) Initial attempt at triangulating a location in a remote area with few suitable
landmarks. The three plotted bearing lines meet in a triangle of error (shaded
red), so the location is not determined very precisely. (b) Revised attempt at
triangulating the location in (a). The fourth plotted bearing line (green) meets
two of the previous lines in a smaller triangle of error, so the location is more
precisely and accurately determined. (Base maps: Ordnance Survey
1:25,000 Scale Colour Raster from 10 km grid square NJ(38)30 Crown
Copyright 2009. An Ordnance Survey/EDINA supplied service.)

11

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

The hand lens and binoculars

A variety of different hand
lenses. (1) Standard 10
single lens; (2) 10 lens with
built - in light the lens
casing matches the focal
length; (3) 8 lens with built in light; (4) 10 and 15 dual
lens.

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

12

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Pita ukur : Measuring distance and thickness

(a) A variety of useful tape measures for

fi eld use: 1, surveyor s tape; 2, folding
rule; 3, 1 m folding rule; 4, retracting
metal - tape measure. (b) Home - made
wooden pole with decimetre graduations
to give a general idea of scale.

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

13

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Use of the Jacob staff to measure the thickness of

inclined strata

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Nomogram to determine the

apparent dip given the true dip and
the angle between the strike and the
line of section. The dashed line
illustrates an example: for a true dip
of 43 on a cross - section oriented
at 35 to the strike of the bedding,
the apparent dip on the cross section would be 28 . (Based on
Billings 1972.)

14

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Nets used for stereographic projection. (a) Stereographic net

or Wulff net. (b) Lambert equal-area net or Schmidt net.
Rowland et al., 2007

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Global positioning systems and altimeters

Bakosurtanal, 2008

15

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Bakosurtanal, 2008

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Bakosurtanal, 2008

16

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Bakosurtanal, 2008

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Hammer, chisels and other hardware

Some of the different geological
hammers and cold chisels available on
the market. (1) Estwing pick end
hammer, (2) Estwing chisel end
hammer, (3) cold chisel with hand
guard, (4 and 5) 2.5 lb and 1 lb
geological hammers with fi breglass
shafts, (6) pencil chisel, (7) tile scribe
and (8) 3 lb lump hammer.

17

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Komparator : Classification and colour charts

Use of a grain - size chart to determine the average grain size. (a) In
this case the average grain size is 500 m. The grain size varies
between 375 and 750 m. (b) Close up view of (a).

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Highly simplifi ed three - dimensional

representation of Munsell colours. (a)
The axes for value, hue and chroma
within a sphere. The 10 hues are
shown but for simplicity the 10
subdivisions within each hue are not
shown and neither is the chroma. (b)
Sphere of colour with the colours
becoming lighter towards the top
(increase in value). (c) Part of one
segment showing very generally the
increase in value towards the top and
the increase in chroma towards the
outer edge of the segment. (d) Part of a
Munsell colour chart specially
designed for rocks. In this case the
grey organic - rich mudstone sample
on the left has a Munsell colour of 5Y
2/1 (olive black).

18

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Komparator : Komposisi

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

The field notebook

19

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

20

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Photography

21

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Sampling
On the sample bag or outside of the packing material
itself it is useful to record the following as
appropriate:
sample number
cross reference to field notebook page and/or date
collected
location
whether or not the sample is orientated;
rock type
associated samples.

22

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Orientated samples

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Samples for fossils

23

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Materi Tambahan : NAVIGASI

Navigasi atau pandu arah adalah penentuan kedudukan
(position) dan arah perjalanan baik di medan sebenarnya
atau di peta, dan oleh sebab itulah pengetahuan tentang
pedoman arah (compass) dan peta serta teknik
penggunaannya.

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Perangkat Navigasi
1 Peta
2 Kompas
3 GPS : (Global Positioning Satelite)
4 Radar
5 IRS : (Inertial Reference System)

24

Universitas Bangka Belitung

Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan

Terima Kasih

25