Mukholidi, Izza Auliya A. (2016).

Rancang Bangun Perforated Tray pada Alat Distilasi Bioethanol

. Karya Ilmiah. Jurusan Teknik. Politeknik Negeri Jember.

Abstrak
Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan potensi biomassa terbesar. Menurut kementrian
ESDM, potensi bioenergi di Indonesia yang berasal dari limbah biomassa mencapai 49.810 MW.
Dari keseluruhan potensi tersebut, hanya 1.618 MW atau sekitar 3,25% biomassa yang telah
berhasil dimanfaatkan. Produksi bioethanol di Indonesia hanya mampu menghasilkan bioetanol
dengan kadar 60-70% karena hanya menggunakan distilasi sederhana atau distilasi bertingkat
dengan perhitungan yang kurang tepat sehingga hanya bisa meningkatkan kadar bioethanol
maksimum hanya 70% Padahal, jika tujuan penggunaan bioetanol adalah sebagai bahan bakar,
kadar bioetanol yang diproduksi haruslah fuel grade yaitu 98%. Untuk mencapai kadar tersebut,
pada tahap distilasi haruslah digunakan distilasi bertingkat yang dapat meningkatkan kadar
bioetanol hingga 95% kemudian dehidrasi. Penyusun memilih menggunakan perforated tray
dikarenakan efisiensi pemurnian yang cukup tinggi dan biaya manufaktur yang relative lebih
murah disbanding jenis tray lain. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, rumusan masalah yang dibahas pada
karya tulis ini adalah bagaimana perhitungan desain perforated tray alat distilasi bertingkat
bioetanol yang tepat dan teruji secara teoritis beserta dimensinya. Setelah melalui perhitungan
teoritis, didapat detail dimensi tray distilasi bertingkat bioetanol yang lolos uji teoritis sebagai
berikut: Diameter kolom ( DT )= 0,1 m; Luas tray A 0.00785 m2; Luas downcomer 7.85x10-5
T

m2; Diameter downcomer 0,01 m; Net area AN = 0.0078m2; Panjang weir (Lw) 0.73 m;
Ketinggian weir (Hw) 3 mm; Area aktif: AA = 7.7 x 10-3 m2; Diameter lubang 1mm dengan
asumsi ketebalan tray= diameter lubang; Jumlah tray 17 lempeng; Jarak antar tray 15 cm; Jumlah
lubang 1471 buah; Hole pitch 2,46 mm.
Kata kunci: perforated, tekanan, tray, yield

RINGKASAN
Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan potensi biomassa terbesar. Menurut
kementrian ESDM, potensi bioenergi di Indonesia yang berasal dari limbah biomassa mencapai
49.810 MW. Dari keseluruhan potensi tersebut, hanya 1.618 MW atau sekitar 3,25% biomassa
yang telah berhasil dimanfaatkan. Selain biomassa dalam bentuk limbah, Indonesia juga perlu
melakukan intensifikasi teknologi guna meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produk biomassa .
Hal tersebut sangat strategis mengingat pemerintah memiliki andil langsung dalam
pengembangan industri pengolahan produk biomassa PTPN demi kemajuan dan kesejahtraan
bangsa. Terutama 49 pabrik gula yang dinaungi BUMN.
Selain PTPN, Pabrik pengolahan produk swasta misalnya 8 pabrik gula di Indonesia juga
perlu melakukan diversifiakasi pengolahan produk dari tebu guna keberlanjutan industry gula
dalam negeri. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam pemberlakuan pasar bebas di Asia Tenggara atau MEA,
persaingan pemasaran gula lebih ketat lagi. Diversifikasi produk tebu juga pengolahan limbah
menjadi. Bioetanol adalah salah satu pilihan yang cukup bijak sebagai langkah diversifikasi
mengingat produk ethanol dikenal luas memiliki banyak manfaat mulai dari medis hingga bahan
bakar.
Namun demikian, Produksi bioethanol di Indonesia hanya mampu menghasilkan
bioetanol dengan kadar 60-70% karena hanya menggunakan distilasi sederhana atau distilasi
bertingkat dengan perhitungan yang kurang tepat sehingga hanya bisa meningkatkan kadar
bioethanol maksimum hanya 70% Padahal, jika tujuan penggunaan bioetanol adalah sebagai
bahan bakar, kadar bioetanol yang diproduksi haruslah fuel grade yaitu 98%.
Penggunaan teknologi distilasi mutakhir dengan perhitungan yang tepat mutlak
diperlukan untuk memulai kemajuan industri biomassa di Indonesia dikarenakan untuk mencapai
kadar tersebut, pada tahap distilasi bioethanol haruslah digunakan distilasi bertingkat yang dapat
meningkatkan kadar bioetanol hingga 95% kemudian dehidrasi. Pada distilasi bertingkat terdapat
komponen utama yang berperan dalam proses pemurnian yaitu tray. Kami memilih melakukan
perancangan jenis perforated tray pada distilasi bertingkat dikarenakan efisiensi pemurnian yang
cukup tinggi dan biaya manufaktur yang relatif lebih murah disbanding jenis tray lain.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut, rumusan masalah yang dibahas pada karya tulis ini adalah
bagaimana perhitungan desain perforated tray alat distilasi bertingkat bioetanol yang tepat dan
teruji secara teoritis beserta dimensinya. Setelah melalui perhitungan teoritis, didapat detail
dimensi tray distilasi bertingkat bioetanol yang lolos uji teoritis sebagai berikut: Diameter kolom
( D T )= 0,1 m; Luas tray A 0.00785 m2; Luas downcomer 7.85x10-5 m2; Diameter downcomer
T

0,01 m; Net area AN = 0.0078m2; Panjang weir (Lw) 0.73 m; Ketinggian weir (Hw) 3 mm; Area
aktif: AA = 7.7 x 10-3 m2; Diameter lubang 1mm dengan asumsi ketebalan tray= diameter lubang;
Jumlah tray 17 lempeng; Jarak antar tray 15 cm; Jumlah lubang 1471 buah; Hole pitch 2,46 mm.

Mukholidi, Izza Auliya A. (2016). Design of Perforated Tray on Bioethanol Fractional

Distillation Scientific Paper. Engineering Department. State Polytechnic of Jember.

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries with the greatest potential for biomass. According to the
Ministry of Energy, bioenergy potential in Indonesia from biomass waste reached 49,810 MW.
within those potential, only 1,618 MW, or approximately 3.25% of biomass that has been
successfully utilized. Bioethanol production in Indonesia was only able to produce bioethanol
with levels of 60-70% bioethanol because it only uses a simple distillation or fractional
distillation with a less precise calculations that can only increase yield of bioethanol only 70%.
In fact, if the goal is the use of bioethanol as a fuel, ethanol yield produced to be fuel grade must
be 98% or above it. To achieve these levels, the fractional distillation with exact calculation must
be done to increase the bioethanol yield of up to 95% bioethanol and then dehydrated. I choose
to use perforated tray because the purification efficiency is quite high and the manufacturing
costs are relatively cheaper than other types of tray. Based on this, the formulation of the issues
discussed in this paper is how the correct design calculations of perforated tray of bioethanol
fractional distillation tested theoretically and its dimension. After going through theoretical
calculations, details of dimensional tray fractional distillation bioethanol obtained that pass
theoretical test is: The diameter of the column (D t) = 0.1 m; Tray spacious At 0.00785 m2;
downcomer area: 7.85x10-5 m2; downcomer diameter 0.01 m; Net area An = 0.0078m2; Weir
length (Lw) 0.73 m; Height of the weir (Hw) 3 mm; Active area: AA = 7.7 x 10-3 m 2; hole
diameter: 1 mm thickness of assuming tray = diameter hole; Number of tray: 17; The distance
between the tray 15 cm; Number of holes 1.471 pieces; the hole pitch 2.46 mm.
Keywords: perforated, Pressure, tray, yield

SUMMARY

Indonesia is one of the countries with the greatest potential for biomass. According to the
Ministry of Energy, bioenergy potential in Indonesia from biomass waste reached 49,810 MW.
From these potential, only 1,618 MW, or approximately 3.25% of biomass that has been
successfully utilized. In addition to biomass in the form of waste, Indonesia also needs to
intensify its technology to improve the quality and quantity of biomass products. It is very
strategic because the government has a direct stakeholding in the development of biomass
products in PTPN processing industry for the progress and prosperity of the nation. Especially
the 49 sugar factories in BUMN group.
Besides PTPN, private product processing plant for example eight sugar mills in
Indonesia also needs to do diversification processing of products from sugar cane to sustain the
domestic sugar industry. This is because the imposition of free market in Southeast Asia or the
MEA, the sugar marketing competition become harder. Bioethanol is one of the choices as a wise
step as one of diversification product. Ethanol is widely known to have many benefits ranging
from medical to fuel.
However, bioethanol production in Indonesia was only able to produce bioethanol with
yield of 60-70% as it only uses a simple distillation or fractional distillation with a less precise
calculations that can only increase yield of a maximum of only 70% bioethanol In fact, if the
goal is the use of bioethanol as a fuel , levels should bioethanol produced fuel grade is 98%.
The use of advanced distillation technology with precise calculations are absolutely
necessary to launch the progress of the biomass industry in Indonesia due to reach these yield,
the bioethanol distillation stage of fractional distillation must be used to increase the yield of up
to 95% bioethanol and then dehydrated. In the fractional distillation are the main components
that play a role in the refining process. We chose to do the design type of perforated tray in the
fractional distillation due to the efficiency of the purification is quite high and the manufacturing
costs are relatively cheaper than other types of tray.
Based on this reasons, the formulation of the issues discussed in this paper is how to
design perforated tray fractional distillation of bioethanol with appropriate calculations and
tested theoretically and its dimension. After going through theoretical calculations, details of
dimensional tray fractional distillation bioethanol that pass theoretical test obtained as follows:
The diameter of the column (Dt) = 0.1 m; Tray spacious At 0.00785 m2; downcomer area
7.85x10-5 m2; downcomer diameter 0.01 m; Net area An = 0.0078 m2; Weir length (Lw) 0.73 m;
Height of the weir (Hw) 3 mm; Active area: Aa = 7.7 x 10-3 m2; Hole diameter 1 mm. thickness
of tray assumed = diameter hole; Number of trays = 17; The distance between the tray 15 cm;
Number of holes: 1,471; Hole pitch: 2.46 mm.