Sebagai pelarut
Sebagai intermediet kimia
Sebagai Senyawa pemadam kebakaran
Sebagai pembersih logam
Senyawa alifatik juga dikenal sebagai hidrokarbon alifatik atau senyawa
non-aromatik.
Dalam kimia organik, senyawa terdiri dari karbon dan hidrogen dibagi
berebentuk cairan
2.
berbentuk gas.
Prinsip pembakaran bahan bakar sejatinya adalah reaksi kimia bahan
bakar dengan oksigen (O). Kebanyakan bahan bakar mengandung unsur
Karbon (C), Hidrogen (H) dan Belerang (S). Akan tetapi yang memiliki
kontribusi yang penting terhadap energi yang dilepaskan adalah C dan H.
menyediakan energi yang cukup untuk menghasilkan fase uap yang siap
untuk dibakar.
-
H2
O2
HHV (MJ/kg)
LHV (MJ/kg)
Hidrogen
141,8
119,96
Metana
55,5
50
Etana
51,9
47,8
Propana
50,35
46,35
Butana
49,5
45,75
Pentana
48,6
45,35
Minyak Bumi
45,543
42,686
Lilin Parafin
46
41,5
Kerosin
46,2
43
Solar
44,8
43,4
Bensin
47
43,448
o Analisis petrografi
o Ash resistivity
Parameter kualitas batubara ditentukan dilaboratorium dengan cara
sampling dan analisisnya menggunakan cara-cara yang sudah dibakukan atau
menurut metode standar. Sebaiknya, digunakan standar internasional karena
cara-caranya telah diakui oleh semua bangsa. Di Indonesia, kontrak jual beli
batubara menggunakan standar ASTM (Amerika) dan British (English).
Pada evaluasi atau pengukuran suatu besaran, terdapat beberapa prosedur
yang harus dilakukan dengan benar supaya hasilnya dapat
dipertanggungjawabkan. Prosedur prosedur itu sendiri akan mengikuti salah
satu standar baku yang ditetapkan oleh suatu badan atau otoritas tertentu,
misalnya ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), JIS (Japan
Industrial Standards), BS (British Standard), DIN (Jerman), atau SNI
(Standar Nasional Indonesia).
1. D121: Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke.
2. D167: Standard Test Method for Apparent and True Specific Gravity and
Porosity of Lump Coke.
3. D197: Standard Test Method for Sampling and Fineness Test of Pulverized
Coal.
4. D291: Standard Test Method for Cubic Foot Weight of Crushed
Bituminous Coal.
5. D293: Standard Test Method for the Sieve Analysis of Coke.
6. D346: Standard Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples
for Laboratory Analysis.
7. D388: Standard Classification of Coals by Rank.
8. D409: Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the HardgroveMachine Method.
9. D440: Standard Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal.
38. D3682: Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in
Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes.
39. D3683: Standard Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and Coke Ash
by Atomic Absorption.
40. D3684: Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal by the Oxygen
Bomb Combustion/Atomic Absorption Method.
41. D3761:Standard Test Method for Total Fluorine in Coal by the Oxygen
Bomb Combustion/Ion Selective Electrode Method.
42. D3997: Standard Practice for Preparing Coke Samples for Microscopical
Analysis by Reflected Light.
43. D4182: Standard Practice for Evaluation of Laboratories Using ASTM
Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke.
44. D4208: Standard Test Method for Total Chlorine in Coal by the Oxygen
Bomb Combustion/Ion Selective Electrode Method.
45. D4239: Standard Test Methods for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal
and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method.
46. D4326: Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and
Coke Ash by X-Ray Fluorescence.
47. D4371: Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability
Characteristics of Coal.
48. D4596: Standard Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in a
Mine.
49. D4606: Standard Test Method for Determination of Arsenic and Selenium
in Coal by the Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption Method.
72. D6518: Standard Practice for Bias Testing a Mechanical Coal Sampling
System.
73. D6542: Standard Practice for Tonnage Calculation of Coal in a Stockpile.
74. D6543: Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by OnLine Coal Analyzers.
75. D6609: Standard Guide for Part-Streaming Sampling of Coal.
76. D6610: Standard Practice for Manually Sampling Coal from Surfaces of a
Stockpile.
77. D6721: Standard Test Method for Determination of Chlorine in Coal by
Oxidative Hydrolysis Microcoulometry.
78. D6722: Standard Testing Method for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal
Combustion Residues by Direct Combustion Analysis.
79. D6796: Standard Practice for Production of Coal, Coke, and Coal
Combustion Samples for Interlaboratory Studies.
80. D6883: Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Stationary Coal from
Railroad Cars, Barges, Trucks, or Stockpiles.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Imambudiraharjo. (2009). Standar ASTM Untuk Analisis Batubara. [Online].
Diakses https://imambudiraharjo.wordpress.com/2009/08/31/standarastm-untuk-analisis-batubara
Mulyadi. Tedi. (2015). Pengertian Senyawa Alifatik. [Online]. Diakses
http://budisma.net/2015/03/pengertian-senyawa-alifatik.html