DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
Halaman Judul.....................................................................................................i
Halaman Pengesahan..........................................................................................ii
Kata Pengantar....................................................................................................iii
Daftar Isi..............................................................................................................v
Daftar Gambar.....................................................................................................ix
Daftar Tabel.........................................................................................................xi

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang........................................................................................1
1.2 Permasalahan...........................................................................................2
1.3 Batasan Masalah......................................................................................3
1.4 Tujuan......................................................................................................3
1.5 Manfaat...................................................................................................4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN

2.1 Sejarah dan Perkembangan PT. Pusri.....................................................5
2.2 Profil Pabrik.............................................................................................6
2.2.1 Pabrik IB.........................................................................................7
2.2.2 Pabrik II.. 8
2.2.3 Pabrik III.........................................................................................10
2.2.3 Pabrik IV.........................................................................................11
2.3 Logo dan Makna......................................................................................13
2.4 Visi, Misi, dan Makna Perusahaan...........................................................15
2.5 Lokasi dan Tata Letak Pabrik...................................................................16
2.6 Struktur Organisasi dan Manajemen Perusahaan....................................17
2.6.1 Direktorat Teknik dan Pengembangan............................................19
2.6.1.1 Departemen Rancang Bangun & Perekayasaan....................19

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 BAB 3 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
3.1 Pengertian Heat Exchanger.....................................................................27
3.2 Klasifikasi Heat Exchanger ...................................................................28
3.2.1 Klasifikasi Berdasarkan Proses Perpindahan Panas ...................28
3.2.2 Klasifikasi Berdasarkan Jumlah Fluida Yang Mengalir..............28
3.2.3 Klasifikasi Berdasarkan Mekanisme Perpindahan Panas ..........28
3.2.4 Klasifikasi Berdasarkan Kontruksi.............................................29
3.2.5 Klasifikasi Berdasarkan Pengaturan Aliran................................29
3.3 Jenis-Jenis Heat Exchanger....................................................................30
3.4 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger .............................................................31
3.5 Jenis-Jenis Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger ...........................................36
3.6 Komponen-Komponen Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger .......................45
3.7 Perhitungan Perancangan Mekanikal .....................................................51
3.7.1 Pemilihan Tube .............................................................................52
3.7.2 Perhitungan Ketebalan (Thickness) Shell......................................52
3.7.3 Perhitungan Ketebalan Head .........................................................53
3.7.4 Perhitungan Ketebalan Channel ....................................................54
3.7.5 Perhitungan Ketebalan Tube Sheet ................................................54
3.7.6 Pemilihan Pass Partition Plate .....................................................56
3.7.7 Pemilihan Baffle ............................................................................56
3.7.8 Pemilihan Tie Road dan Spacer ....................................................57
3.7.9 Impingement Plate ........................................................................58
3.7.10 Ketebalan Nozzle .........................................................................59
3.7.11 Pemilihan Gasket .........................................................................59

BAB 4 DESKRIPSI SISTEM

4.1 Water Treatment......................................................................................60
4.2 Cooling Water System (Sistem Air Pendinginan)....................................63
4.3 Demineralized Water Plant.....................................................................66
4.4 Penggantian Water Heater Pada Demint Plant.......................................68

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BAB 5 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
5.1 Pendahuluan............................................................................................69
5.2 Studi Kasus..............................................................................................69
5.3 Peninjauan Lapangan..............................................................................69
5.4 Pengumpulan Data..................................................................................71
5.5 Pengolahan Data......................................................................................72
5.6 Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan..............................................................73
5.7 Diagram Alir............................................................................................73

BAB 6 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

6.1 Data Sheet Water Heater 10-5005C-2 ...................................................75
6.2 Pemilihan Material Heat Exchanger.......................................................76
6.2.1 Shell dan Channel .........................................................................76
6.2.2 Baffle, Impingement Plate dan Saddle...........................................77
6.2.3 Nozzle.............................................................................................77
6.2.4 Tie Rod ..........................................................................................78
6.2.5 Tube dan Tubesheet .......................................................................78
6.2.6 Flange, Head ................................................................................79
6.3 Perhitungan Perancangan Mekanikal......................................................80
6.3.1 Pemilihan Tube...............................................................................81
6.3.2 Ketebalan Shell...............................................................................82
6.3.3 Ketebalan Head..............................................................................83
6.3.4 Ketebalan Channel.........................................................................84
6.3.5 Ketebalan Tubesheet.......................................................................83
6.3.6 Pemilihan Baffle.............................................................................87
6.3.7 Tie Road dan Spacer.......................................................................88
6.3.8 Impingement Plate.........................................................................88
6.3.9 Ketebalan Nozzle............................................................................89
6.3.10 Pemilihan Flange.........................................................................92
6.3.11 Pemilihan Gasket..........................................................................92
6.4 Gambar Teknik Desain Water Heater.....................................................94

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BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
7.1 Kesimpulan.............................................................................................95
7.2 Saran .......................................................................................................96
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman
2.1 Diagram Overall Pabrik PT PUSRI Palembang ...........................................6
2.2 Pabrik IB PT PUSRI Palembang ..................................................................8
2.3 Pabrik II PT PUSRI Palembang ...........................8
2.4 Pabrik III PT PUSRI Palembang ..................................................................10
2.5 Pabrik IV PT PUSRI Palembang..................................................................11
2.6 Logo PT. PUSRI ..........................................................14
2.7 Bagan Struktur Organisasi Departemen RBP .............................................25
3.1 Bentuk-Bentuk Shell dan penutupnya ..........................................................32
3.2 Fixed Tube Sheet atau Fixed Head (Type L, M, N) ......................................36
3.3 U-Tube Heat Exchanger................................................................................39
3.4 Packed-Lantern-Ring Exchanger..................................................................40
3.5 Outside-Packed-Floating Heat Exchanger...................................................41
3.6 Pull-through-Floating Heat Exchanger........................................................43
3.7 Split-backing-ring Floating Head (Type S)...................................................44
3.8 Outside Packed Floating Head (Type P)......................................................44
3.9 Double bundle Vaporizer...............................................................................45
3.10 Triangular Pitch..........................................................................................46
3.11 Rotated Triangular Pitch.............................................................................47
3.12 Square Pitch................................................................................................47
3.13 Diamond Square Pitch................................................................................48
3.14 Tube Pitch....................................................................................................48
3.15 Jenis-Jenis Baflfle.......................................................................................49
3.16 Tubesheet.....................................................................................................51
4.1 Water Heater 10-5005C................................................................................68
5.1 Demint Plant yang terdapat pada Water Treatment di bagian Ultilitas
Pabrik 1 B
70

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5.2 Tempat Pemasangan Water Heater yang Baru di Demint Plant
70
5.3 Water Heater lama yang sedang beroperasi terdapat pada Demint Plant
71
5.4 Diagram Alir Perancangan............................................................................74
6.1 Gambar Teknik Water Heater 10-5005C-2...................................................94

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 DAFTAR TABEL

2.1 Tanggung jawab dan indikator kerja ............................................................26

3.1 Ketebalan PassPartition Plate Berdasarkan TEMA.....................................56
3.2 Standard Cross Baffle and Support Plate Clearences...................................57
3.3 Ketebalan Baffle Berdasarkan Standar TEMA untuk HE Tipe R.................57
3.4 Ketebalan Baffle Berdasarkan Standar TEMA untuk HE Tipe C dan B.......57
3.5 Diameter dan Jumlah Tie Rod Berdasarkan Standar TEMA untuk HE Tipe
R
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
58
3.6 Diameter dan Jumlah Tie Rod Berdasarkan Standar TEMA untuk HE Tipe
C dan B
......................................................................................................................
58
3.7 TEMA Criteria for Impingement Plate.........................................................59
5.1 Pemilihan Material Water Heater.................................................................72
5.2 Perhitungan Spesifikasi Minimum Perancangan Water Heater....................73
6.1 Data Sheet ....................................................................................................75
6.2 Chemical Requirements SA-106 Grade B ....................................................76
6.3 Tensile Requirements SA-106 Grade B ........................................................77
6.4 Chemical Requirements SA-285 Grade C ....................................................77
6.5 Tensile Requirements SA-285 Grade C ........................................................77
6.6 Chemical Requirements SA-106 Grade B ....................................................78
6.7 Tensile Requirements SA-106 Grade B ........................................................78
6.8 Chemical Requirements SA-36 Untuk Tipe Batangan .................................78
6.9 Tensile Requirements SA-36 Untuk Tipe Batangan .....................................78
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6.10 Chemical Requirements Limits For Austenitic Stainless Steel SA-213
TP304L
79
6.11 Tensile Requirements Limits For Austenitic Stainless Steel SA-213
TP304L
79
6.12 Chemical Requirements For Austenitic Stainless Steel SA-182 F304L......79
6.13 Tensile Requirements For Austenitic Stainless Steel SA-182 F304L..........79
6.14 Chemical Requirements SA-105 ................................................................80
6.15 Mechanical Requirements SA-105 .............................................................80
6.16 Characteristic Of Tubing ............................................................................81
6.17 Ketebalan Baffle Berdasarkan Standar Tema Untuk HE Tipe R.................87
6.18 Standard Cross Baffle and Support Plate Clearences ................................88
6.19 Diameter dan Jumlah Tie Rod Berdasarkan Standar TEMA untuk HE
Tipe R
88
6.20 TEMA Criteria for Impingement Plate ......................................................89
6.21 Spesifikasi Material Flange
92
6.22 Rating Flange Berdasarkan Tempratur
92

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