Welfare Economics
Consumer Surplus
Producer Surplus
Market Efficiency
apakah keseimbangan dalam harga dan
kuantitas mengakibatkan maksimum dalam
kesejahteraan pembeli dan penjual
S
PE
QE
Keseimbangan pasar menggambarkan
bagaimana pasar mengalokasikan sumber
daya Tetapi apakah hal ini menjawab sesuai
dengan yang diinginkan
13
Consumer
Surplus
14 Market Price
Demand Curve
Pengluaran aktual
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Rock Concert Tickets
Consumer Surplus: secara Grafik
Pmax S
Consumer
PE Surplus
QE
P
$11
$10
Total Consumer
$9 Benefits
$8
$7
$6
D
1 2 3 4 5 6 Q
P
$11
$10
$9
$8
$7 Pengeluaran
konsumen
$6
D
1 2 3 4 5 6 Q
P
$11 Consumer Benefit
- Consumer Expense
$10
CONSUMER SURPLUS!
$9
$8
$51 - $36 =
$7 $15
$6
D
1 2 3 4 5 6 Q
Bagaimana harga berpengaruh
terhadap Consumer Surplus?
Consumer Surplus at Price P2
Price
A
Initial
consumer
surplus
C Consumer surplus
P1
B to new consumers
F
P2
D E
Additional consumer Demand
surplus to initial
consumers
nuhfil hanani : web site : www.nuhfil.com, email :
0 Q 1
nuhfil@yahoo.com Q 2 Quantity
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
Producer Surplus
P
$6 S
$5
$4
$3
$2
$1
1 2 3 4 5 6 Q
P Total Producer S
Benefits (Revenue)
$6
$5
$4
$3
$2
$1
1 2 3 4 5 6 Q
P Producer S
Surplus =$15
$6
$5
$4 Producer
$3 Costs
$2
$1
1 2 3 4 5 6 Q
Producer Surplus: secara grafik
S
PE
Producer
Surplus
QE
Bagaimana harga berpengaruh
terhadap producer Surplus?
Producer Surplus at Price P2
Price
Additional producer Supply
surplus to initial
producers
D E
P2 F
B
P1
Initial C
Producer surplus
producer to new producers
surplus
0 Q1 Q2 Quantity
Copyright2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning
Efisiensi pasar (Market Efficiency)
PE
QE Q
Market Efficiency
Consumer S
Surplus
PE
Producer
Surplus D
Q