Neraca - Massa - Prarancangan - Pabrik - Anilin BKN Pnys Esmer

LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas Produksi = 62500 ton/tahun

= 7891.4141 kg/jam
Hari Kerja = 1 tahun = 330 hari
= 1 hari = 24 jam
Basis Bahan Baku = 100 kg/jam
Spesifikasi bahan baku = Nitrobenzen = 0.9970

= Air = 0.0010
= Di-Nitrobenzen = 0.0010
= Benzen = 0.0010
Spesifikasi Produk = Anilin = 0.9900

= Air = 0.0100
Tabel Data Masing-masing Komponen

Komponen Rumus Molekul Titik Didih, oC BM, kg/kmol
Nitrobenzen C6H5NO2 210.9 123
Air H2O 100 18
Anilin C6H5NH2 184.1 93
Hidrogen H2 -259.2 2
Di-Nitrobenzen C6H4NO2 301 168
Benzen C6H6 80.1 78
Metana CH4 -164 16
A.1 SEPARATOR
2
Separator
Basis = 100 kg/jam

Asumsi = 80% produk
Arus 2 (produk yang diinginkan):
Nitrobenzen = 79.7600 kg/jam = 0.6485 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
Di-Nitrobenzen = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam
Benzen = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
Arus 1 (umpan):
H2O = 0.1000 kg/jam = 0.0056 kmol/jam
Arus 3
H2O = 0.0200 kg/jam = 0.0011 kmol/jam
Tabel Neraca Massa Separator

Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3
Nitrobenzen 99.7000 79.7600 19.9400
H2O 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
Di-Nitrobenzen 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
Benzen 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
80.0000 20.0000
Total
100.0000 100.0000
A.2 REAKTOR
4
Reaktor
Konversi = 0.98
Bahan Baku yang Masuk kedalam Reaktor
C6H5NO2 = 79.7600 kg/jam = 0.6485 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
Perbandingan mol Nitrobezen terhadap H2 = 1:3

H2 = 3.8907 kg/jam = 1.9454 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
Bahan yang Bereaksi
C6H5NO2 yang bereaksi = Konversi x C6H5NO2 yang masuk
= 0.98 x 79.7600
= 78.1648 kg/jam = 0.6355 kmol/jam
H2O = H2O yang masuk

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
C6H4NO2 = C6H4NO2 yang masuk

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam
C6H6 = C6H6 yang masuk

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0010256 kmol/jam
H2 yang bereaksi = (3/1) x C6H5NO2 yang bereaksi

= 3.8129 kg/jam = 1.9065 kmol/jam
CH4 = CH4 yang masuk

= 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
Reaksi yang Reaksi

C6H5NO2 + 3H2 C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
Mula-mula 0.6485 1.9454 - -

Bereaksi 0.6355 1.9065 0.6355 1.2710
Sisa 0.0130 0.0389 0.6355 1.2710
Produk yang Terbentuk
C6H5NH2 = 0.6355 kmol/jam = 59.1002 kg/jam
H2O = 1.2710 kmol/jam = 22.8775 kg/jam
Neraca Massa Total Reaktor

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
C6H5NO2 79.7600 1.5952
C6H4NO2 0.0800 0.0800
H2O 0.0800 0.0800
C6H6 0.0800 0.0800
H2 3.8907 0.0778
CH4 0.00004 0.00004
C6H5NH2 - 59.1002
H2O - 22.8775
Total 83.8908 83.8908
Bahan Yang Masuk
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
H2 = 0.0778 kg/jam = 0.0389 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
C6H5NH2 = 59.1002 kg/jam = 0.3210 kmol/jam
H2O = 22.8775 kg/jam = 1.2710 kmol/jam
A.3 Flash Tank

5
Flash
Tank
6
Komposisi Umpan Masuk
Bahan Yang Masuk
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
H2 = 0.0778 kg/jam = 0.0389 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
H2O = 22.8775 kg/jam = 1.2710 kmol/jam
Komposisi Bahan yang Teruapkan

Nitrobenzen (C6H5NO2)
98% x C6H5NO2 yang masuk = 1.5633 kg/jam = 0.0127 kmol/jam
Di-Nitrobenzen (C6H4NO2)
Air (H2O)
98% x H2O yang masuk = 22.4984 kg/jam = 1.2499 kmol/jam
Benzen (C6H6)
98% x C6H6 yang masuk = 0.0784 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
Gas Hidrogen (H2)

100.0% x H2 yang masuk = 0.0778146 kg/jam = 0.0389 kmol/jam
Gas Metana (CH4)

100% x CH4 yang masuk = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
Anilin (C6H5NH2)
0.01% x C6H5NH2 yang masuk = 0.0059 kg/jam = 0.0001 kmol/jam
Komposisi Bahan Cair

Air (H2O)
Benzen (C6H6)
2% x C6H6 yang masuk = 0.0016 kg/jam = 2.051E-05 kmol/jam
Anilin (C6H5NH2)
Hidrogen (H2)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam)
V L
C6H5NO2 1.5952 1.5633 0.0319
C6H4NO2 0.0800 0.0792 0.0008
H2O 22.9575 22.4984 0.4592
C6H6 0.0800 0.0784 0.0016
H2 0.0778 0.0778 -
CH4 3.890770615E-05 3.890770615E-05 -
C6H5NH2 59.1002 0.0059 59.0943
24.3030 59.5878
Total 83.8908
83.8908
Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.0448 0.0000
C6H4NO2 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.0241 0.0000
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C6H6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -
(L/V) data = 2.4519

Dengan menggunakan persamaan
Fi (L/V)data Pi
Vi = ((L/V)/ki)+1 Ai = ki ki = P sistem
T trial = 139.53 C = 412.53 K Fi

P sistem = 760 mmHg Li = (1+(L/V)*ki)
logP = A + B/T + ClogT + DT + ET2
Komponen Fi (kmol) Pi (mmHg) ki Ai
C6H5NO2 0.0130 101.6479 0.1337 18.3321

C6H4NO2 0.0005 1.1463 0.0015 1625.6623
H2O 1.2754 2663.536 3.5047 0.6996
C6H6 0.0010 3492.8994 4.5959 0.5335
H2 0.0389 560527.74 737.5365 0.0033
CH4 2E-06 936103.2 1231.7147 0.0020
C6H5NH2 0.3210 201.9982 0.2658 9.2249
Total 1.6498
Vi %V Li %Li
0.0007 0.0008 0.0098 0.0289

2.927408E-07 3.561597E-07 0.0005 0.0014
0.7504 0.9130 0.1330 0.3937
0.0007 0.0008 0.0001 0.0002
0.0388 0.0472 2.150358E-05 0.0001
2.426901E-06 2.95266E-06 8.049423E-10 2.383875E-09
0.0314 0.0382 0.1944 0.5756
0.8219 1.0000 0.3377 1.0000
L = Fi
Vi total
= 2.0072
(L/V)hitung = 2.4421
A.5 MENARA DISTILASI

7
Distilasi
Menara
Arus 6
Komponen Kg/Jam Kmol/Jam
C6H5NO2 0.0319 0.0003

C6H4NO2 0.0008 4.761905E-06
H2O 0.4592 0.0255
C6H6 0.0016 2.051282E-05
C6H5NH2 59.0943 0.6354
Total 59.5878 0.6612
A. Massa Masuk Menara Distilasi pada Kondisi Bubble Point

T = 170.11 C = 443.11 K ; P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
Trial pada T akan dianggap benar apabila Syi = 1
Komponen (Kmol/jam) xi Pi ki
C6H5NO2 0.0003 0.0004 267.6120 0.5177

C6H4NO2 4.761905E-06 7.201743E-06 5.5490 0.0107
H2O 0.0255 0.0386 5942.6871 11.4957
C6H6 2.051282E-05 3.102289E-05 6402.8470 12.3859
C6H5NH2 0.6354 0.9610 516.9484 1.0000
Total 0.6612 1
yi i
0.0002 1.0000
7.73045E-08 0.0207
0.4435 22.2064
0.0004 23.9259
0.9610 1.9317
1.405
Jadi bisa disimpulkan bahwa suhu pemasukan umpan sebesar 170,11 C

B. Spesifikasi Hasil Yang Diinginkan
B.1 Distilat
Menentukan Massa Distilat
1. C6H5NO2 = 1% x Massa = 2.594E-06 kmol/jam
C H
2. 6 4 2 NO = 1% x Massa = 4.762E-08 kmol/jam
3. H 2
O = 99.00% x Massa = 0.0253 kmol/jam
4. C6H6 = 1% x Massa = 2.051E-07 kmol/jam
5. C H
6 5
NH 2 = 1% x Massa = 0.0064 kmol/jam
Total = 0.0316 kmol/jam
Menentukan Nilai xdi

1. C6H5NO2 = Massa Komponen 2.594E-06
Massa Total = 0.0316 = 8.205613E-05

Massa Total = 0.0316 = 1.50644E-06
3. H2O = Massa Komponen 0.0253

Massa Total = 0.0316 = 0.7989
4. C6H6 = Massa Komponen 2.051E-07

Massa Total = 0.0316 = 0
6. C6H5NH2 = Massa Komponen 0.0064

Massa Total = 0.0316103 = 0.2010
Menentukan Massa Bottom
1. C6H5NO2 = 99% x Massa = 0.0003 kmol/jam
H
3. 2 O = 1% x Massa = 0.0003 kmol/jam
4. C6H6 = 99% x Massa = 2.03.E-05 kmol/jam
5. C6H5NH2 = 99% x Massa = 0.6291 kmol/jam
Menentukan Nilai xbi

1. C6H5NO2 = Massa Komponen 0.0003
Massa Total = 0.6296 = 0.0004

Massa Total = 0.6296 = 0.0000

Massa Total = 0.6296 = 0.0004
4. C6H6 = Massa Komponen 2.0.E-05

Massa Total = 0.6296 = 0.0000

Massa Total = 0.6296053 = 0.9991
Massa Distilat
Komponen
(Kmol/jam) % Massa xdi
C6H5NO2 0.0003 1% 2.593821E-06 8.205613E-05
C6H4NO2 4.761905E-06 1% 4.761905E-08 1.50644E-06
H2O 0.0255 99% 0.0253 0.7989
C6H6 2.051282E-05 1% 2.051282E-07 0
C6H5NH2 0.6354 1% 0.0064 0.2010
Total 0.6612 0.0316 1.0000
Massa Bottom
Komponen
(Kmol/jam) % Massa xbi
C6H5NO2 0.0003 99% 0.0003 0.0004
C6H4NO2 4.761905E-06 99% 4.714286E-06 7.487684E-06
H2O 0.0255 1% 0.0003 0.0004
C6H6 2.05.E-05 99% 2.03.E-05 0.0000
C6H5NH2 0.6354 99% 0.6291 0.9991
Total 0.6612 0.6296 1.0000
C. Perhitungan Suhu Atas (Dew point)
Trial pada T akan dianggap benar apabila Sxi = 1
Pt = 1 atm = 760 mmHg

T= 182.7943 C = 455.9443 K
Massa yi= ki= xi= i =

Komponen Pi
(kmol/jam) m/m total Pi/P yi/ki ki/k(HK)
C6H5NO2 2.593821E-06 8.205613E-05 382.33575 0.5031 0.0001631 1.0000
C6H4NO2 4.761905E-08 1.50644E-06 9.9670455 0.0131 0.0001149 0.0261
H2O 0.0253 0.7988925214 8030.4177 10.5663 0.0756 21.0036
C6H6 2.051282E-07 6.489278E-06 8034.002 10.5711 6.139E-07 21.0129
C6H5NH2 0.0064 0.2010174268 733.28465 0.9648 0.2083 1.9179
Total 0.0316 1 0.284
Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T distilat adalah 182,7943C
D. Perhitungan Suhu Bawah (Bubble point)

Trial pada T dianggap benar apabila Syi = 1

T= 184.0100 C = 457.15996218 K
Massa xi= ki= yi= i =
Komponen Pi
(kmol/jam) m/m total Pi/P xi.ki ki/k(HK)
C6H5NO2 0.0003 0.0004 394.95015 0.5196713 0.000212 1.0000
C6H4NO2 4.714286E-06 0.0000 10.513526 0.0138336 1.036E-07 0.0266
H2O 0.0003 0.0004 8254.6734 10.861412 0.0044005 20.9005
C6H6 2.03.E-05 0.0000 8202.4461 10.792692 0.0003481 20.7683
C6H5NH2 0.6291 0.9991 757.05477 0.9961247 0.9952753 1.9168
Total 0.6296 1 1.000
Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T bottom adalah 172,5794C 8207.0707071
Massa Masuk Massa Keluar

Komponen
(kg/gr) Distilat Bottom
C6H6 0.0016 2E-05 2E-03
H2O 0.4592 0.4546 0.0046
C6H5NH2 59.0943 0.5909 58.5034
C6H5NO2 0.0319 0.0003 0.0316
C6H4NO2 0.0008 8E-06 0.0008
59.5878 1.0458 58.5419
Total 59.5878 59.5878
Produk = 58.5080
Faktor Pengali = 7891.4141

58.5419 = 134.7994
8207.0707071
LAMPIRAN A

= 7891.4141 kg/jam
= 1 hari = 24 jam

= Air = 0.0010
= Benzen = 0.0010

= Air = 0.0100

Air H2O 100 18
Benzen C6H6 80.1 78
Metana CH4 -164 16
A.1 SEPARATOR
2
Separator
Basis = 100 kg/jam

Asumsi = 80% produk
H2O = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.5991 kmol/jam
Arus 1 (umpan):
H2O = 13.4799 kg/jam = 0.7489 kmol/jam
Arus 3
H2O = 2.6960 kg/jam = 0.1498 kmol/jam

Komponen
Nitrobenzen 13439.5002 10751.6001 2687.9000
H2O 13.4799 10.7840 2.6960
Di-Nitrobenzen 13.4799 10.7840 2.6960
Benzen 13.4799 10.7840 2.6960
10783.9520 2695.9880
Total
13479.9400 13479.9400
A.2 REAKTOR
4
Reaktor
Konversi = 0.98
C6H6 = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.0642 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.1383 kmol/jam

H2 = 524.4683 kg/jam = 262.2341 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00524 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
Bahan yang Bereaksi
= 0.98 x 10751.6001
= 10536.568 kg/jam = 85.6632 kmol/jam

= 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.5991 kmol/jam

= 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.0642 kmol/jam

= 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.1382558 kmol/jam

= 513.9789 kg/jam = 256.9895 kmol/jam

= 0.00524 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
Reaksi yang Reaksi

C6H5NO2 + 3H2 C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
Mula-mula 87.4114 262.2341 - -

Bereaksi 85.6632 256.9895 85.6632 171.3263
Sisa 1.7482 5.2447 85.6632 171.3263
H2O = 171.3263 kmol/jam = 3083.8736 kg/jam

C6H5NO2 10751.6001 215.0320
C6H4NO2 10.7840 10.7840
H2O 10.7840 10.7840
C6H6 10.7840 10.7840
H2 524.4683 10.4894
CH4 0.00524 0.00524
C6H5NH2 - 7966.6735
H2O - 3083.8736
Total 11308.4255 11308.4255
Bahan Yang Masuk
H2O = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.5991 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.1383 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4894 kg/jam = 5.2447 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00524 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
H2O = 3083.8736 kg/jam = 171.3263 kmol/jam
A.3 Flash Tank

5
Flash
Tank
6
Bahan Yang Masuk
H2O = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.5991 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.1383 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4894 kg/jam = 5.2447 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00524 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
H2O = 3083.8736 kg/jam = 171.3263 kmol/jam

Air (H2O)
Benzen (C6H6)
Gas Hidrogen (H2)

Gas Metana (CH4)

Anilin (C6H5NH2)

Air (H2O)
Benzen (C6H6)
Anilin (C6H5NH2)
Hidrogen (H2)
Keluar (kg/jam)
V L
C6H5NO2 215.0320 210.7314 4.3006
C6H4NO2 10.7840 10.6761 0.1078
H2O 3094.6576 3032.7644 61.8932
C6H6 10.7840 10.5683 0.2157
H2 10.4894 10.4894 -
CH4 0.0052447354 0.0052447354 -
C6H5NH2 7966.6735 0.7967 7965.8768
3276.0314 8032.3941
Total 11308.4255
11308.4255
Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.0448 0.0000
C6H4NO2 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.0241 0.0000
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C6H6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -
(L/V) data = 2.4519

Fi (L/V)data Pi
T trial = 139.53 C = 412.53 K Fi

C6H5NO2 1.7482 101.6479 0.1337 18.3321

C6H4NO2 0.0642 1.1463 0.0015 1625.6623
H2O 171.9254 2663.536 3.5047 0.6996
C6H6 0.1383 3492.8994 4.5959 0.5335
H2 5.2447 560527.74 737.5365 0.0033
CH4 3E-04 936103.2 1231.7147 0.0020
C6H5NH2 43.2736 201.9982 0.2658 9.2249
Total 222.3947
Vi %V Li %Li
0.0904 0.0008 1.3165 0.0289

3.946129E-05 3.561597E-07 0.0640 0.0014
101.1562 0.9130 17.9221 0.3937
0.0902 0.0008 0.0113 0.0002
5.2273 0.0472 0.0028986694 0.0001
0.0003271447 2.95266E-06 1.085057E-07 2.383875E-09
4.2322 0.0382 26.1998 0.5756
110.7966 1.0000 45.5165 1.0000
L = Fi
Vi total
= 2.0072

7
Distilasi
Menara
Arus 6
C6H5NO2 4.3006 0.0350

C6H4NO2 0.1078 0.0006419019
H2O 61.8932 3.4385
C6H6 0.2157 0.0027651159
C6H5NH2 7965.8768 85.6546
Total 8032.3941 89.1315

T = 170.11 C = 443.11 K ; P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
C6H5NO2 0.0350 0.0004 267.6120 0.5177

C6H4NO2 0.0006419019 7.201743E-06 5.5490 0.0107
H2O 3.4385 0.0386 5942.6871 11.4957
C6H6 0.0027651159 3.102289E-05 6402.8470 12.3859
C6H5NH2 85.6546 0.9610 516.9484 1.0000
Total 89.1315 1
yi i
0.0002 1.0000
7.73045E-08 0.0207
0.4435 22.2064
0.0004 23.9259
0.9610 1.9317
1.405

B.1 Distilat
C H
3. H 2
O = 99.00% x Massa = 3.4041 kmol/jam
5. C H
6 5

Massa Total = 4.2611 = 8.205613E-05

Massa Total = 4.2611 = 1.50644E-06

Massa Total = 4.2611 = 0.7989


Massa Total = 4.2610529 = 0.2010
H
3. 2 O = 1% x Massa = 0.0344 kmol/jam

Massa Total = 84.8704 = 0.0004

Massa Total = 84.8704 = 0.0000

Massa Total = 84.8704 = 0.0004

Massa Total = 84.8704 = 0.0000

Massa Total = 84.870416 = 0.9991
Massa Distilat
Komponen
C6H5NO2 0.0350 1% 0.0003496455 8.205613E-05
C6H4NO2 0.0006419019 1% 0.000006419 1.50644E-06
H2O 3.4385 99% 3.4041 0.7989
C6H6 0.0027651159 1% 2.765116E-05 0
C6H5NH2 85.6546 1% 0.8565 0.2010
Total 89.1315 4.2611 1.0000
Massa Bottom
Komponen
C6H5NO2 0.0350 99% 0.0346 0.0004
C6H4NO2 0.0006419019 99% 0.0006354829 7.487684E-06
H2O 3.4385 1% 0.0344 0.0004
C6H6 2.77.E-03 99% 2.74.E-03 0.0000
C6H5NH2 85.6546 99% 84.7980 0.9991
Total 89.1315 84.8704 1.0000

T= 182.7943 C = 455.9443 K

Komponen Pi
C6H5NO2 0.0003496455 8.205613E-05 382.33575 0.5031 0.0001631 1.0000
C6H4NO2 0.000006419 1.50644E-06 9.9670455 0.0131 0.0001149 0.0261
H2O 3.4041 0.7988925214 8030.4177 10.5663 0.0756 21.0036
C6H6 2.765116E-05 6.489278E-06 8034.002 10.5711 6.139E-07 21.0129
C6H5NH2 0.8565 0.2010174268 733.28465 0.9648 0.2083 1.9179
Total 4.2611 1 0.284


T= 184.0100 C = 457.15996218 K
Komponen Pi
C6H5NO2 0.0346 0.0004 394.95015 0.5196713 0.000212 1.0000
C6H4NO2 0.0006354829 0.0000 10.513526 0.0138336 1.036E-07 0.0266
H2O 0.0344 0.0004 8254.6734 10.861412 0.0044005 20.9005
C6H6 2.74.E-03 0.0000 8202.4461 10.792692 0.0003481 20.7683
C6H5NH2 84.7980 0.9991 757.05477 0.9961247 0.9952753 1.9168
Total 84.8704 1 1.000
Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T bottom adalah 172,5794C

Komponen
C6H6 0.2157 2E-03 2E-01
H2O 61.8932 61.2742 0.6189
C6H5NH2 7965.8768 79.6588 7886.2180
C6H5NO2 4.3006 0.0430 4.2576
C6H4NO2 0.1078 1E-03 0.1068
8032.3941 140.9792 7891.4149
Total 8032.3941 8032.3941
LAMPIRAN B
NERACA PANAS
Sebagai Basis Perhitungan

Kapasitas Produksi = 62500 Ton/Tahun
Hari Kerja = 330 Hari
Produksi Aniline Perj = 7891.4141 Kg/Jam
Basis Waktu = 1 Jam
Satuan Massa = Kg
Satuan Panas = kJ
Satuan Cp = kJ/mol
Suhu Referensi = 25oC (298,15K)
Data Data yang Diperlukan

Kapasitas panas gas, cairan dan padatan
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4 (kJ/kmol. K)
Sehingga Cp dT = B C D E
AT T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5
2 3 4 5
keterangan
Cp = kapasitas panas (kJ/kmol K)
A, B, C, D, = konstanta
T = suhu (K)
Komponen A B C D E
H2 27.1430 9.2730E-03 ### 7.6450E-09

C6H6 -31.3860 0.4746 -3.11E-04 8.5240E-08 ###
H2O 32.243 1.9230E-03 1.0550E-05 ###
C6H5NH2 -22.0620 0.5731 -4.57E-04 ### ###
C6H5NO2 -16.2020 0.5618 -3.93E-04 ### ###
C6H4N2O4 18.1480 0.5618 -3.93E-04 1.0040E-07 ###
CH4 34.9420 -3.9957E-02 ### ### 3.9321E-11
Sumber Yaws dan Coulson
Data kapasitas panas untuk liquid
Komponen A B C D
H2 28.8400 0.00765 3.29E-01 -8.70E-10

C6H6 -33.6620 0.4743 -0.0036 3.8243E-06
H2O 18.2964 0.4721 ### 1.3142E-06
C6H5NH2 46.9480 0.9896 ### 2.3296E-06
CH4 -0.0180 1.1982 ### 3.1670E-05
C6H5NO2 39.4730 0.9128 -0.0021 2.0093E-06
C6H4N2O4 -12.6350 1.5624 ### 2.3171E-06
Sumber Yaws dan Himmelblau
Kapasitas panas untuk Cooper Carbonate dicari dengan pendekatan pada

Perrys 7th Edition tabel 2-393
ElemenSolid ,J/mol C
Cu 26
C 7.5
O 16.7
H 9.6
Sehingga Kapasitas Panas CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 adalah

Cp CuCO3.Cu(OH)= 162.2 J/mol C Treff = 20 C
Data entalpi pembentukan
Komponen Hf (Kj/mol)
H2 0
C6H6 82.9
H2O -241.826
C6H5NH2 86.86
CH4 -74.5
C6H5NO2 67.6
C6H4N2O4 50.8
Sumber Yaws an Himmelblau
Data berat molekul

Komponen Rumus molekul BM
Hidrogen H2 2
Benzene C6H6 78
Air H2O 18
Anilin C6H5NH2 93
Metana CH4 16
Nitrobenzen C6H5NO2 123
Di-Nitrobenzen C6H4N2O4 168
Data bilangan Antoine

Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.0448 0.00002
C6H4N2O4 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.0241 0.00001
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C6H6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -
B.1 Heater (E-114)

Fungsi : Mengubah fase Hidrogen cair menjadi uap Hidrogen
Tujuan : Menaikkan suhu feed menjadi 250oC
Q3 Qsteam
Q1 Q2
Neraca Energi
H = Hout - Hin
Hin = Hpendingin + Hout
1. Menghitung Panas Sensibel Masuk Heater, Q1
Massa n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
H2 524.7727 262.3863
CH4 0.0052 0.0003
Tin = 30 o
C= 303.15 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K
H2
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
303.15
= ### 27.1430T +
298.15
9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4
dT
### 2 2
= ### 27.1430 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 7.6450E-09
+ 303.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4
303.15 - 298.15
= 40129.7403 kJ/jam
CH4
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
303.15
= ### T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11dT
34.942 T5
298.15
-0.03996 2 2
= ### 34.9420 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ###
+ 303.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4 3.9321E-11 5 5
303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
5
= 0.1520 kJ/jam
Q1= Q H2 + Q CH4
= 40129.7403 + 0.1520 = 40129.8923 kJ/jam
2. Menghitung Panas Sensibel Keluar Heater, Q2
*Hout
Tout = 250 o
C= 523.15 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K
H2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= ### 27.1430T +
298.15
9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4
dT
### 2 2
= ### 27.1430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 7.6450E-09
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4
523.15 - 298.15
= 1720025.5993 kJ/jam
CH4
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= ### T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11dT
34.942
298.15
T5
-0.03996 2 2
= ### 34.9420 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ###
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4 3.9321E-11 5 5
523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 4.75040 kJ/jam
Q2 = Q H2 + Q CH4
= ### + 4.75040 = ### kJ/jam
3. Menghitung Kebutuhan Pemanas, Q3
Q3= Q2 - Q1
= 1720030.3497 - 40129.8923
= 1679900.4574 kJ/jam
Kebutuhan panas Heater sebesar 1679900.4574 kJ, panas disupply menggunakan

Saturated steam, dengan suhu 300 C dengan tekanan 1 atm, dari properties of saturated
o
water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004 diperoleh data:

steam = 909.99 kJ/kg
Sehingga :
Q3 = m.steam
Massa steam = Q3= 1679900.4574 kJ/mol= 1846.0647 kg/jam
steam 909.99 kJ/kg
Neraca Panas Total dalam Heater

Panas masuk Panas keluar
Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q H2 40129.7403 1720025.5993
Q CH4 0.15198 4.7504
Q Steam 1679900.4574 -
Total 1720030.3497 1720030.3497
B.2. VAPORIZER (V-130)

Fungsi : Menguapkan bahan baku Nitrobenzene sebelum
masuk reaktor
Tujuan : - Menentukan Suhu Keluar (T out) Vaporizer.
- Menghitung kebutuhan pemanas
Arus 3
204.45 oC Steam 250 oC
Qs
Arus 2
30 o
C Steam 250 oC
1. Penentuan Kondisi Operasi Vaporizer (E-121)

Data Komponen Masuk
M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 13447.2999 109.3276
C6H4N2O4 13.5420945 0.0806
H2O 13.5420945 0.7523
C6H6 13.5420945 0.1736
Menentukan Suhu Keluar (T out) Vaporizer
Menentukan Kondisi Dew Point

Kondisi Operasi P = 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg
T = 210.82 C =o
483.97 K
Tabel Perhitungan Tekanan Dew Point

n Pi sat Ki yi
Komponen xi
kmol/jam mmHg Pi sat/P Ki/xi
C6H5NO2 0.8073 0.9909 766.9869 1.0092 0.9819
C6H4N2O4 0.0006 0.0007 31.3712 0.0413 0.0177
H2O 0.0013 0.0016 12582.7631 16.5563 0.0001
C6H6 0.0056 0.0068 14575.284790773 19.1780 0.0004
Total 0.8147 1.0000 1.0000
Menentukan Kondisi Bubble Point

Kondisi Operasi P = 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg
T = 204.45 oC = 477.60 K
Tabel Perhitungan Tekanan Bubble Point

n Pi sat Ki yi
Komponen xi
kmol/jam mmHg Pi sat/P Ki.xi
C6H5NO2 0.8073 0.9909 660.6744 0.8693 0.8614
C6H4N2O4 0.0006 0.0007 24.5323 0.0323 0.0000
H2O 0.0013 0.0016 11422.0738 15.0290 0.0236
C6H6 0.0056 0.0068 12815.317238298 16.8623 0.1150
Total 0.8147 1.0000 1.0000
Suhu keluar vaporizer merupakan suhu pada kondisi operasinya yaitu

pada kondisi bubble pointT out = 204.45 oC = 477.60 K
Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Vaporizer (V-130)

a. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk, Q1
T Larutan= 30 C T reff = 25 C
= 303.15 K = 298.15 K
C6H5NO2
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.9128 2 2
= 109.328 39.47 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 ### 4 4
- 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 97189.7934 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.56240 2 2
= 0.0806 -12.6 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-3E-03 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 318.8357 kJ/jam
C6H6
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.4743 2
= 0.1736 -33.6620 303.15 - 298.15 303.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4
+ 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 467.9 kJ/jam
H2O
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.4721 2 2
= 0.7523 18.2964 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 281.8968 kJ/jam
Panas sensibel masuk, Q1

Q1 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + H2O
Q1= 97189.7934 + 318.8357 + 467.8883 + 281.8968 kJ/jam
Q1= 98258.4142 kJ/jam
b. Panas Laten Penguapan Komponen, Q
Komponen Tb (K) Tc (K) Hv (Kj/mol)
C6H5NO2 483.9500 719.0000 44.0800 Yaws

C6H4N2O4 572.0000 803.0000 61.5600 Yaws
H2O 353.2400 562.1600 30.7500 Yaws
C6H6 373.1500 647.4000 40.6800 Himmelblau
Untuk menghitung entalpi panas penguapan (Hv) digunakan Persamaan Watson:

H2 1 - Tr2 0.38 (Pers 4.13 Smith Van Ness, 200)
=
H1 1 - Tr1
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1
1 - Tr1
dimana: H1 = Panas laten penguapan pada titik didih normal (kJ/kmol)
H2 = Panas laten penguapan pada suhu T2 (kJ/kmol)
Tr2 = T2/TC (K)
Tr1 = T1/TC (K)
T1 = Titik didih normal komponen (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu
= T dew = 210.82 oC = 483.97 K
C6H5NO2
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 483.97 ### 0.38 = 44.0786 kJ/kmol
H2 = 44.08 x
1 - 483.9500 ###
Hv = 0.8073 kmol/jam x 44.0786 kJ/kmol = 35.5854 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 483.97 ### 0.38 = 69.5956 kJ/kmol
H2 = 61.56 x
1 - 572.0000 ###
Hv = 0.0006 kmol/jamx 69.5956 kJ/kmol = 0.0414 kJ/jam
C6H6
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 483.97 ### 0.38 = 21.1666 kJ/kmol

H2 = 30.75 x
1 - 353.2400 ###
H2O
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 483.97 ### 0.38 = 33.4158 kJ/kmol
H2 = 40.68 x
1 - 373.1500 ###
Q2= Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O

Q2= 35.5854 + 0.0414 + 0.0271 + 0.1856 kJ/jam
Q2= 35.8396 kJ/jam
c. Panas Sensibel Uap Keluar (Q3)

T uap = 204.45 C T reff = 25 C
= 477.6 K = 298.15 K
C6H5NO2
477.60
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
0.5618 2 2
= ### -16.2 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
-4E-04 3 3 ### 4 4
= 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 5259818.8569 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
477.60
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0806 18.1 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
-4E-04 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 2633.8489 kJ/jam
C6H6
477.60
Q = n Cpg dT
298.15
0.4746 2
= 0.1736 -31.3860 477.60 - 298.15 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 6410.1414 kJ/jam
H2O
477.60
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
0.0019 2 2
= 0.7523 32.2430 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
= 6179.9152 kJ/jam
Q3 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O

Q3= 5259818.8569 + 2633.8489 + 6410.1414 + 6179.9152 kJ/jam
Q3= 5275042.7623 kJ/jam
d. Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh pemanas

Q1+Q4 = Q2+Q3
Q4= (Q2+Q3)-Q1
Q4= 35.8396 + 5275042.7623 - 98258.4142 (kJ/jam)
Q4= 5176820.1877 (kJ/jam)
Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam yaitu saturated steam pada suhu 300oC dan
dan tekanan 1 atm.
Dari properties of saturated water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004
= 909.99 kJ/kg
Sehingga:
Q4
msteam =

5176820.1877 kJ/jam
= = 5688.8759 kg/jam
909.99 kJ/kg
Tabel Neraca Panas Vaporizer (V-130)

Komponen Q in (kJ/jam) Q out (kJ/jam)
C6H5NO2 97189.7934 -
C6H4N2O4 318.8357 -
C6H6 467.8883 -
H2O 281.8968 -
Q preheating - 5275042.7623
Q vaporizing - 35.8396
Q steam 5176820.1877 -
Total 5275078.6019 5275078.6019
B.3. SEPARATOR (H-120)

Fungsi : Memisahkan fase gas dan fase cair yang terbentuk
Tujuan : Menghitung panas setiap arus

Arus 4
204 oC
Arus 3
204 oC
Arus 5
204 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
3 = 4+ 5
dimana: 3 = Panas sensibel gas masuk separator, Q1
4 = Panas sensibel gas keluar separator, Q2
5 = Panas sensibel cairan keluar separator, Q3
Untuk menghitug panas masing-masing arus digunakan persamaan:
Q=H= n_(T_reff)^T C_(p ) dT

dimana:
T C_p dT= [(Ax(T-T_reff ))+(B/2 x(T^2-T_reff^ ))+(C/3 (^ T reff_)

x(T^3-T_reff )) +(D/4 x(T^4-T_reff))+(E/5 x(T^5-T_reff))]
1. Panas Sensibel Gas Masuk, Q1

Panas sensibel yang masuk Separator sama dengan panas gas yang keluar Vaporizer.
Q1 = 5275042.7623 kJ/jam
2. Panas Sensibel Gas Keluar, Q2

Komposisi arus 4:
C6H4N2O4 = 10.83368 kg/jam = 0.0645 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.83368 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.83368 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
477.60
Q = n Cpg dT
298.15
477.60
= 87.4621

-16.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T4dT
298.15
0.5618 2 2
= 87.4621 -16.2020 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 4207855.0855 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
477.60
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.60
= 0.0645
18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5
dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0645 18.1480 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 2118.1309 kJ/jam
C6H6
477.60
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.60
= 0.1389
-31.3860
298.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
0.47460 2 2
= 0.1389 -31.3860 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 5128.1131 kJ/jam
H2O
477.60
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.60
= 0.6019 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
32.243
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.6019 32.2430 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
= 3713.5975 kJ/jam
Q2 = 4207855.0855 + 2118.1309 + 5128.1131 + 3713.5975

= 4218814.9270 kJ/jam
Sehingga, panas keluar separator:

Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q3= Q1- Q2
= 5275042.7623 - 4218814.9270 = 1056227.8353 kkal/jam
Tabel Neraca Massa Separator (H-120)
Panas masuk (kJ/jam) Panas keluar (kJ/jam)
Komponen
Q C6H5NO2 5259818.8569 4207855.0855 1051963.7714
Q C6H4N2O4 2633.8489 2118.1309 515.7179
Q C6H6 6410.1414 5128.1131 1282.0283
Q H2O 6179.9152 3713.5975 2466.3177
4218814.9270 1056227.8353
Total 5275042.7623
5275042.7623
B.4 Heater (E-114)

Fungsi : Menaikkan suhu uap Nitrobenzen
Tujuan : Menaikkan suhu menjadi 250oC
Q3 Qsteam
Q1 Q2
Neraca Energi
H = Hout - Hin

M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 10757.8399 87.4621
C6H4N2O4 10.83368 0.0806
H2O 10.83368 0.7523
C6H6 10.83368 0.1736
*Hin
Tin = 204 oC = 477.60 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K
C6H5NO2
477.60
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.60
= 87.4621 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T4dT
-16.2020
298.15
0.5618 2 2
= 87.4621 -16.2020 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 4207855.0855 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
477.60
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
477.60
= 0.0806 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5
18.1480 dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0806 18.1480 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 2633.8489 kJ/jam
C6H6
477.60
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.60
= 0.1736
-31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
298.15
0.47460 2 2
= 0.1736 -31.3860 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 477.60 - 298.15
5
= 6410.1414 kJ/jam
H2O
477.60
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.60
= 0.7523 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
32.243
= 0.7523 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
32.243
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.7523 32.2430 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 477.60 - 298.15 + 477.60 - 298.15
3 4
= 4641.9969 kJ/jam

= 4221541.0726 kJ/jam

*Hout
Tin = 250 oC = 523.15 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K
C6H5NO2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 87.4621 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T4dT
-16.2020
298.15
0.5618 2 2
= 87.4621 -16.2020 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 5706082.1206 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
523.15
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
523.15
= 0.0806
18.1480
298.15
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5
dT
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0806 18.1480 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 3417.6783 kJ/jam
C6H6
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.1736
-31.3860
298.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
0.47460 2 2
= 0.1736 -31.3860 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 8744.0538 kJ/jam
H2O
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.7523 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
32.243
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.7523 32.2430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 5855.0194 kJ/jam

= 5724098.8721 kJ/jam
Q3= Q2 - Q1
= 5724098.8721 - 4221541.0726
= 1502557.7995 kJ/jam

saturated steam dengan suhu 300 C dengan tekanan 1 atm. Dari properties of saturated
o
water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004

Sehingga :
Q3 = m.steam
Massa steam = Q3= 1502557.7995 kJ/jam= 1651.1806 kg/jam
steam 909.99 kJ/kg

Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 4207855.0855 5706082.1206
Q C6H4N2O4 2633.84886 3417.6783
Q H2O 4641.9969 5855.0194
Q C6H6 6410.1414 8744.0538
Q Steam 1502557.7995 -
Total 5724098.8721 5724098.8721
B.5. REAKTOR (R-210)

Fungsi : Tempat berlangsungnya reaksi Anilin
Tujuan : - Menghitung suhu keluar reaktor
- Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin
Arus 6 250 oC
Pendingin Qs
28 oC
Pendingin
Qrx 45 o
C
Arus 4 250 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
4 + Qs = 6 + Qrx
dimana: 4 = Panas Sensibel Gas Reaktan Masuk, Q reaktan
6 = Panas Sensibel Gas Produk Keluar, Q produk
Qs = Jumlah pendingin yang dibutuhkan
Qrx= Panas reaksi
1. Panas Sensibel Gas Reaktan Masuk, Q reaktan

Panas gas umpan masuk reaktor (R-210) besarnya sama dengan panas gas
keluar Heater Nitrobenzen ### kJ/jamdan Heater Hidrogen 1720030.35 kJ/jam
Q reaktan = 7444129.2218 kJ/jam
2. Panas Reaksi, HR
Reaksi:
C6H5NO2 + H2 C6H5NH2 + H2O
- Panas reaksi pada keadaan standar (T = 25oC)
Hro298,15 = Hof (produk) - Hof (reaktan)
= (H of C6H5NH2 + H of H2O) - (H of C6H5NO2 + H2)
= 86.86 + ( -241.83 ) - ( 67.60 + 0 ) kJ/mol
= -222.57 kJ/kmol
- Panas reaksi, HR
HRo523.15 = n ( Hro298,15 )
= XA ( n reaktan) (Hro298,15 )
= 0.98 x 88.4687 x -222.57
= -19296.3169 kJ/jam
Q reaksi adalah panas yang diperlukan untuk reaksi di dalam reaktor, dimana
reaksi berupa reaksi eksotermis (HR negatif). Sehingga, perlu ditambahkan
pendingin untuk menjaga suhu optimum sesuai dengan konversi yang diinginkan.
3. Panas Sensibel Gas Produk Keluar, Q produk

Untuk menghitug panas keluar reaktor digunakan persamaan:
Q=H= n_(T_reff)^T Cp_g dT

dimana:
T Cp_g dT= [(Ax(T-T_reff ))+(B/2 x(T^2-T_reff^ ))+(C/3 (^ T reff_)

Komposisi arus 6:
H2O = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4955 kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052 kg/jam = 0.0003 kmol/jam
H2O = 3085.6633 kg/jam = ### kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 1.7492
-16.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T4dT
298.15
0.5618 2 2
= 1.7492 -16.2020 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 114121.6424 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.0645
18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5
dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0645 18.1480 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 2734.1427 kJ/jam
C6H6
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.1389 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
-31.3860 dT
298.15
0.47460 2 2
= 0.1389 -31.3860 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
523.15 - 298.15
5
= 94198.1462 kJ/jam
H2O
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.6019 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
32.243
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.6019 32.2430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 4684.0155 kJ/jam
H2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 5.2477
27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4
dT
298.15
### 2 2
= 5.2477 27.1430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 7.6450E-09
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4
523.15 - 298.15
= 34400.5120 kJ/jam
CH4
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= ### T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11dT
34.942 T5
298.15
### 2 2
= ### 34.9420 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ###
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4 3.9321E-11 5 5
523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 4.7504 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 85.7129
298.15

-22.0620 T + 0.5731 T2 - 4.57e-4 T3 - 1.841e-7 T4 - 2.9867e-11 T5
dT
0.57313 2 2
= 85.7129 -22.0620 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
523.15 - 298.15
5
= 5918417.6087 kJ/jam
H2O
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= ### T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
32.243
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= ### 32.2430 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 1334108.1608 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q produk= ### + 2734.1427 + 94198.1462 + 4684.0155 +
34400.5120 + 4.7504 + 5918417.6087 + 1334108.1608
= 7502668.9787 kJ/jam
4. Pendingin yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemanas

Qlepas= (Q produk + Q reaksi )- Q reaktan
= 7502668.9787 + -19296.3169 - 7444129.2218
= 39243.4401 kJ/jam
Sebagai pendingin digunakan air pada suhu 25oC dan tekanan 1 atm.
Diperkirakan air keluar pada suhu 45oC.
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp air 0.9987 kkal/kg.oC
= 4.1787 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. T
Qc
mc =
Cp. T
39243.4401
= = 469.5695 kg/jam
4.1787 ( 45 - 25 )
Tabel Neraca Panas Reaktor (R-210)

Q C6H5NO2 5706082.1206 114121.6424
Q C6H4N2O4 3417.6783 2734.1427
Q H2O 5855.0194 94198.1462
Q C6H6 8744.0538 4684.0155
Q H2 1720025.5993 34400.5120
Q CH4 4.7504 4.7504
Q C6H5NH2 - 5918417.6087
Q H2O - 1334108.1608
Q pendingin 39243.4401 -
Q reaksi - -19296.3169
Total 7483372.6618 7483372.6618
B.6. COOLER 1 (E-221)

Fungsi : Mendinginkan gas produk keluar reaktor
Tujuan : Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin
28 oC
Q1 Q2
250 C o
139.53 oC
Qc 45 C
o
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
dimana: Q1 = Panas sensibel gas keluar reaktor
Q3 = Panas yang diserap oleh pendingin
Q2 = Panas sensibel cairan keluar cooler 1
Q=H= n_(T_reff)^T Cp_g

dimana: dT
T Cp_g dT= [(Ax(T-T_reff ))+(B/2 x(T^2-T_reff^ ))+ (^ T reff_)

(C/3 x(T^3-T_reff )) +(D/4 x(T^4-T_reff))+(E/5 x(T^5-
T_reff))]

Panas sensibel yang masuk Cooler sama dengan panas sensibel yang keluar Condensor
Q1 = 3358498.9810 kJ/jam
2. Panas Sensibel gas keluar, Q2

Komposisi arus 6:
H2O = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.6019 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.8337 kg/jam = 0.1389 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4955 kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052 kg/jam = 0.0003 kmol/jam
H2O = 3085.6633 kg/jam = 171.4257 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 1.7492
-16.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T4dT
298.15
0.5618 2 2
= 1.7492 -16.2020 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
= 1.7492 -16.2020 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 47718.2680 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0645
18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5
dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0645 18.1480 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 1273.1909 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.1389
-31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
298.15
0.47460 2 2
= 0.1389 -31.3860 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 2878.7365 kJ/jam
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.6019
32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.6019 32.2430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 2350.8332 kJ/jam
H2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 5.2477
27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4
dT
298.15
0.0093 2 2
= 5.2477 27.1430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 17448.4735 kJ/jam
CH4
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0003 T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11dT
34.942 T5
298.15
-0.03996 2 2
= 0.0003 34.9420 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 1.9867 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 85.7129
-31.3860 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
298.15
0.57313 2 2
= 85.7129 -22.0620 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 1123864.9289 kJ/jam
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= ### T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
32.243
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= ### 32.2430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= ### kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q2 = 47718.2680 + 1273.1909 +
2878.7365 + 2350.8332 + 17448.4735
+ 1.9867 + 1123864.9289 + 669567.7648
= 1865104.1826 kJ/jam
4. Panas yang diserap oleh Pendingin, Qc

Qc = Q1 - Q2
= 3358498.9810 - 1865104.1826 = 1493394.7984 kJ/jam
= 4.1787 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. T
Qc
mc =
Cp. T
1493394.7984
= = 17869.2979kg/jam
4.17866 ( 45 - 25 )
Tabel Neraca Panas Cooler 1(E-221)

Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 54650.8610 47718.2680
Q C6H4N2O4 1506.9847 1273.1909
Q H2O 3393.9394 671918.5980
Q C6H6 871986.3951 2878.7365
Q H2 19608.8722 17448.4735
Q CH4 783.9192 1.9867
Q C6H5NH2 2406568.0094 1123864.9289
Q pendingin - 1493394.7984
Total 3358498.9810 3358498.9810
B.7. FLASH TANK (H-220)
Fungsi: Menguapkan sebagian besar Nitrobenzen dalam campuran produk
keluaran reaktor
Arus 7
139.5 oC
Arus 6
139.5 oC
Arus 8
139.5 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
6 = 7+ 8
dimana: 6 = Panas sensibel gas masuk flash tank, Q1
7= Panas sensibel gas keluar,QQ2
8= Panas sensibel cairan keluar flash tank, Q3
Q=H= n_(T_reff)^T C_pl dT

dimana:
T_reff))]
a. Panas Sensibel gas keluar, Q2

Komposisi arus 7:
H2O = 3034.5671 kg/jam = 168.5871 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.6170 kg/jam = 0.1361 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4955 kg/jam = 5.2477 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052 kg/jam = 0.0003 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 1.7143
-16.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T4dT
298.15
0.5618 2 2
= 1.7143 -16.2020 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-3.9E-04 3 3 -1.0E-07 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
-1.2E-12 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 46763.9027 kJ/jam
C6H4NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0638
18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 T5
dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.0638 18.1480 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-3.9E-04 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
-1.2E-12 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 1260.4590 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.1361
-31.3860
298.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
0.47460 2 2
= 0.1361 -31.3860 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-3.1E-04 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
-5.1E-12 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 2821.1618 kJ/jam
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 1.7E+02 32.243 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 1.7E+02 32.2430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
1.1E-05 3 3 -3.6E-09 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 658480.2261 kJ/jam
H2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 5.2477
27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09 T4
dT
298.15
0.0093 2 2
= 5.2477 27.1430 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-1.4E-05 3 3 7.6E-09 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 17448.4735 kJ/jam
CH4
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0003 T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11dT
34.942 T5
298.15
-0.03996 2 2
= 0.0003 34.9420 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-1.9E-04 3 3 -1.5E-07 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
3.9E-11 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 1.9867 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0086 -22.0620 T + 0.5731 T2 - 4.57E-4 T3 - 1.84E-7 T4 - 2.99E-11 T5
298.15
dT
0.5731 2 2
= 0.0086 -22.0620 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-4.6E-04 3 3 -1.8E-07 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
-3.0E-11 5 5
+ 412.68 - 298.15
5
= 244.2101 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q2 = 46763.9027 + 1260.4590 + 2821.1618 + 658480.2261 +
17448.4735 1.9867 + 244.2101
= 727020.4199 kJ/jam
b. Panas Sensibel Cairan Keluar, Q3

Komposisi arus 8:
H2O = 61.9299 kg/jam = 3.4406 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.2167 kg/jam = 0.0028 kmol/jam
H2 = 0.0000 kg/jam = 0.0000 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0350
39.4730 T + 0.9128 T2 - 0.00211 T3 + 2.01E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.9128 2 2
= 0.0350 39.4730 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2.0E-06 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 751.7266 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0006 -12.6350 T + 1.56240 T2 - 3.00E-3 T3 + 2.32E-6 T4dT
298.15
1.56240 2 2
= 0.0006 -12.6350 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-3.0E-03 3 3 2.3E-06 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 76.1702 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0028
298.15
-33.6620 T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4dT
0.47430 2 2
= 0.0028 -33.6620 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-3.6E-03 3 3 3.8E-06 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 245.1970 kJ/jam
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cpg dT
298.15
412.68
= 3.4406
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
0.47212 2 2
= 3.4406 18.2964 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-1.3E-03 3 3 1.3E-06 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 29965.3066 kJ/jam
H2
412.68
Q = n Cp g
dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.0E+00
28.8400 T + 0.00765 T2 + 3.29E-1 T3 - 0.8698 T4 dT
298.15
0.00765 2 2
= 0.0E+00 28.8400 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
3.3E-01 3 3 -8.7E-10 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 0.0000 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
412.68
Q = n Cpg dT
298.15
412.68
= 85.70 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 85.70 46.9480 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-2.4E-03 3 3 2.3E-06 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 2016973.0498 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q3 = 751.7266 + 76.1702 + 245.1970 + 29965.3066 +
0.0000 + 2016973.0498
= 2048011.4502 kJ/jam
Sehingga, panas yang masuk flash tank:

Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
= 727020.4199 + 2048011.4502 = 2775031.8700 kJ/jam
Tabel Neraca Panas Flash Tank (H-220)

Q in (kJ/jam) Q out (kJ/jam)
Komponen
Q C6H5NO2 47515.6293 46763.9027 751.7266
Q C6H4NO2 1336.6292 1260.4590 76.1702
Q H2O 688445.5326 658480.2261 29965.3066
Q C6H6 3066.3588 2821.1618 245.1970
Q H2 17448.4735 17448.4735 0.0000
Q CH4 1.9867 1.9867 -
Q C6H5NH2 2017217.2599 244.2101 2016973.0498
727020.4199 2048011.4502
Total 2775031.8700
2775031.8700
B.4 Heater (E-114)

Q3 Qsteam
Q1 Q2
Neraca Energi
H = Hout - Hin

M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 4.30313 0.0350
C6H4N2O4 0.10834 0.0006
H2O 61.92992 3.4406
C6H6 0.21667 0.0028
C6H5NH2 7970.497 85.7043
*Hin
Tin = 139.5 oC = 412.68 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 3.4406
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
0.47212 2 2
= 3.4406 18.2964 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 29965.2966 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.68
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
412.7
= 3E-03
298.15
-33.6620 T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4dT
0.47430 2 2
= 3E-03 -33.6620 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 245.1970 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
Q = n
Cp dT
412.68
298.15
412.68
= 85.70 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 85.70 46.9480 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 2016972.3765 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.9128 2 2
= 3E-02 39.47 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 751.7263 kJ/jam
C6H4NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.56240 2 2
= 6E-04 -12.6 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
2
-3E-03 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.68 - 298.15 + 412.68 - 298.15
3 4
= 19.7480 kJ/jam
Q1= Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O + Q C6H5NH2

= 2047954.3443 kJ/jam

*Hout
Tin = ### oC = 444.80 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K
H2O
444.80
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
444.80
= 3.4406
298.15
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
0.47212 2 2
= 3.4406 18.2964 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
3 4
= 38610.6875 kJ/jam
C6H6
444.80
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
444.8
= 3E-03 -33.6620 T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.47430 2 2
= 3E-03 -33.6620 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
3 4
= 346.4803 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
444.80
Q = n Cp dT
298.15

444.80
= 85.70 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 85.70 46.9480 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
3 4
= 2626484.8134 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2

444.80
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
0.9128 2 2
= 0.035 39.47 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 ### 4 4
- 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
3 4
= 978.0620 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
444.80
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.56240 2 2
= 0.00064 -12.6 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
2
-3E-03 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 444.80 - 298.15 + 444.80 - 298.15
3 4
= 104.9953 kJ/jam

= 2666525.0385 kJ/jam
Q3= Q2 - Q1
= 2666525.0385 - 2047954.3443
= 618570.6942 kJ/jam
o

Sehingga :
Q3 = m.steam
Massa steam = Q3= 618570.6942 kJ/jam= 679.7555 kg/jam
steam 909.99 kJ/kg

Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 751.7263 978.0620
Q C6H4N2O4 19.74801 104.9953
Q C6H5NH2 2016972.3765 2626484.8134
Q H2O 29965.2966 38610.6875
Q C6H6 245.1970 346.4803
Q Steam 618570.6942 -
Total 2666525.0385 2666525.0385
B.13. MENARA DISTILASI 1 (D-310)

Fungsi : Memisahkan produk Anilin dan air
Arus 16 138.9 oC
Qc
Arus 15
170.11 oC Arus 18
Arus 17 ### oC
Qr Arus 21
184.2 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
15 + Qr = 18 + 21
16 = 17 + 18 + Qc
dimana: 15 = Panas sensibel cairan umpan masuk MD 2 (D-340), Q1
16 = Panas laten penguapan, Q2
= Panas sensibel gas masuk kondensor, Q3
17 = Panas sensibel cairan reflux, Q4
18 = Panas sensibel cairan produk distilat, Q5
21 = Panas sensibel cairan produk bawah, Q6
Qc = Panas yang diserap oleh pendingin pada kondensor
Qr = Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh pemanas pada reboiler
Menentukan Kondisi Operasi Menara Distilasi

a. Kondisi Operasi Umpan
Kondisi operasi umpanP = 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg
Fasa = Cair Jenuh
T = 171.65 oC = 444.80 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Umpan

xi Pi ki yi
Komponen (lbmol/jam)
Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
C6H5NO2 0.0771 0.0004 280.9083 0.3696 0.0001 0.5182
C6H4NO2 0.0014 0.00001 6.0081 0.0079 0.0000 0.0111
H2O 7.5851 0.0386 6189.8280 8.1445 0.3142 11.4194
C6H6 0.00612 0.00003 6602.6352 8.6877 0.0003 12.1810
C6H5NH2 188.9453 0.9610 542.0446 0.7132 0.6854 1.0000
Total 196.6151 1.0000 1.00
b. Kondisi Operasi Puncak Menara

Dew Point
Kondisi operasi: P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 138.938 C = o
412.09 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Dew Point Puncak Menara
xi Pi ki yi
Pi/P xi/ki Ki/KHK
C6H5NO2 0.0008 0.0001 100.1167 0.1317 0.0006 0.5029
C6H4NO2 1E-05 2E-06 1.1184 0.0015 0.0010 0.0056
H2O 7.5093 0.7989 2630.6402 3.4614 0.2308 13.2152
C6H6 6E-05 7E-06 3460.2298 4.5529 1E-06 17.3827
C6H5NH2 1.8895 0.2010 199.0620 0.2619 0.7675 1.0000
Total 9.3996 1 6.290.E+03 1.00
Bubble Point
T = 105.98 C =
o
379.13 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Bubble Point Puncak Menara
xi Pi ki yi
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
C6H5NO2 8E-04 0.0001 27.8877 0.0367 3E-06 0.4774
C6H4NO2 1E-05 2E-06 0.1439 0.0002 3E-10 0.0025
H2O 7.5093 0.7989 937.0218 1.2329 0.9850 16.0409
C6H6 6E-05 7E-06 1583.1294 2.0831 0.0000 27.1016
C6H5NH2 1.8895 0.2010 58.4146 0.0769 0.0155 1.0000
Total 9.3996 1 2.579.E+03 1.00
c. Kondisi Operasi Bawah Menara

Bubble Point
Kondisi Operasi: P = 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg
T = 184.02 C =
o
457.17 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Bubble Point Bawah Menara

yi Pi ki yi
Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
H2O 0.0759 0.0004 8256.8840 10.8643 0.0044 10.9032
C6H6 0.0061 3E-05 8204.1008 10.7949 0.0003 10.8335
C6H5NO2 0.0764 0.0004 303.8360 0.3998 0.0002 0.4012
C6H4NO2 0.0014 8E-06 10.5190 0.0138 0.0000 0.0139
C6H5NH2 187.0559 0.9991 757.2896 0.9964 0.9956 1.0000
Total 187.2156 1 1.753.E+04 1.00
Dew Point
Kondisi Operasi: P = 1 atm = 760.0 mmHg
T = 184.18 C =
o
457.33 K
Kondisi Operasi Dew Point Bawah Menara
yi Pi ki xi
Pi/P yi/ki Ki/KHK
H2O 0.0759 0.0004 8.29.E+03 10.9028 0.0000 10.8971
C6H6 0.0061 3E-05 8225.9791 10.8237 0.0000 10.8180
C6H5NO2 0.0764 0.0004 396.7234 0.5220 0.0008 0.5217
C6H4NO2 0.0014 8E-06 10.5913 0.0139 0.0005 0.0139
C6H5NH2 187.0559 0.9991 760.3961 1.0005 0.9986 1.0000
Total 187.2156 1 1.77.E+04 1.00
*Condensor
*Penentuan Harga q
Karena umpan masuk pada keadaan titik didih nya (bubble point) i x id
maka harga q = 1
i
R m 1
*Menentukan Kebutuhan Reflux Minimum

Dari persamaan Underwood 9.165 :
umpan masuk menara pada keadaan bubble point (titik didih) sehingga q=1
(cair jenuh)
(1-q) = ((F*XF)/(F-))
Komponen atas bawah rata-rata
C6H5NO2 0.4774 0.4012 0.4377

C6H4NO2 0.0025 0.0139 0.0058
H2O 16.0409 10.9032 13.2249
C6H6 27.1016 10.8335 17.1349
C6H5NH2 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Total 44.6223 23.1518 31.8033
Trial
Hasil
2 -0.91561
8.985 0.0000
Perhitungan Reflux minimum (Rmin)

Rmin +1= ((D*XD)/(D-))
= ((13,2221*0,7975)/(13,2221-8,454))+((17,4043*0,0007)/(17,4043-8,454))+
((1315,6591*0,0012)/(1315,6591-8,454))+((1*0,2007)/(1-8,454))
= 2.4706
R min = 2.4706 - 1
= 1.4706
Jadi nilai refluks minimum sebesar
Rm = 1.2 Rm - 1.5 Rm
diambil R operasi = 1.3 = 1.9118
menghitung Lo dan V
Lo = R x D V = Lo + D
= 1.9118 x 9.3996 = 17.9699 x 9.3996
= 17.9699 lbmol/jam = 168.9090 lbmol/jam
L' = Lo x F V' = V
= 17.9699 + 196.6151 = 168.9090 lbmol/jam
= 214.5850 lbmol/jam
a. Komposisi Cairan Reflux, Lo

H2O = yid x Lo
= 0.7989 x 17.9699 = 14.3560 lbmol/jam
= 258.4089 lb/jam
C6H5NH2 = yid x Lo
= 0.2010 x 17.9699 = 3.6122 lbmol/jam
= 335.9364 lb/jam
C6H5NO2 = yid x Lo
= 0.0001 x 17.9699 = 0.0015 lbmol/jam
= 0.1814 lb/jam
C6H4N2O4 = yid x Lo
= 2E-06 x 17.9699 = 3E-05 lbmol/jam
= 0.0046 lb/jam
C6H6 = yid x Lo
= 7E-06 x 17.9699 = 0.0001 lbmol/jam
= 0.0091 lb/jam
Jadi:
Lo = 594.5403 lb/jam
b. Komposisi Uap Masuk Kondensor, V

H2O = yid x V
= 0.7989 x 168.9090 = 134.9405 lbmol/jam
= 2428.9287 lb/jam
C6H5NH2 = yid x V
= 0.2010 x 168.9090 = 33.9533 lbmol/jam
= 3157.6535 lb/jam
C6H5NO2 = yid x V
= 0.0001 x 168.9090 = 0.0139 lbmol/jam
= 1.7048 lb/jam
C6H4N2O4 = yid x V
= 2E-06 x 168.9090 = 3E-04 lbmol/jam
= 0.0429 lb/jam
C6H6 = yid x V
= 7E-06 x 168.9090 = 0.0011 lbmol/jam
= 0.0858 lb/jam
Jadi:
V = 5588.4157 lb/jam
c. Komposisi Cairan Masuk Reboiler, L' (Arus 19)

H2O = xib x L'
= 0.0004 x 214.5850 = 0.0869 lbmol/jam
= 1.5649 lb/jam
C6H5NO2 = xib x L'
= 0.0004 x 214.5850 = 0.0875 lbmol/jam
= 10.7649 lb/jam
C6H4NO2 = xib x L'
= 8E-06 x 214.5850 = 0.0016 lbmol/jam
= 0.2710 lb/jam
C6H6 = xib x L'

= 3E-05 x 214.5850 = 0.0069 lbmol/jam
= 0.5420 lb/jam
C6H5NH2 = xib x L'

= 0.9991 x 214.5850 = 214.4020 lbmol/jam
= 19939.3855 lb/jam
Jadi:
L' = 19952.5284 lb/jam
d. Komposisi Uap yang dikembalikan ke Menara, V'

H2O = xib x V'
= 0.0004 x 168.9090 = 0.0684 lbmol/jam
= 1.2318 lb/jam
C H
6 5
NO 2 = xib x V'
= 0.0004 x 168.9090 = 0.0689 lbmol/jam
= 8.4735 lb/jam
C6H4NO2 = xib x V'
= 8E-06 x 168.9090 = 0.0013 lbmol/jam
= 0.2133 lb/jam
C6H6 = xib x V'

= 3E-05 x 168.9090 = 0.0055 lbmol/jam
= 0.42666335 lb/jam
C6H5NH2 = xib x V'

= 0.9991 x 168.9090 = 168.7649 lbmol/jam
= 15695.1355 lb/jam
Jadi:
V' = 15705.0541 lb/jam
Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Kondensor

a. Panas Laten Penguapan (Hv)
=
H1 1 - Tr1
dimana: H 1 = Panas laten penguapan pada titik didih normal (kJ/kmol)

Tr2 = T2/TC (K)
Tr1 = T1/TC (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu
= 138.94 C=
o
412.09 K
H2O
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.09 562.16 0.38
H2 = 30.75 x
1 - 353.24 562.16
= 27.1173 kJ/kmol
C6H5NH2
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.09 972.15 0.38
H2 = 86.92 x
1 - 457.25 972.15
= 89.7418 kJ/kmol
C6H5NO2
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.09 719 0.38
H2 = 44.08 x
1 - 483.95 719
= 48.7827 kJ/kmol
C6H4N2O4
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.09 803 0.38
H2 = 61.56 x
1 - 572 803
= 75.1824 kJ/kmol
C6H6
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.09 647.4 0.38
H2 = 40.68 x
1 - 373.15 647.4
= 38.3804 kJ/kmol
Jadi:
Q2 = 6706.9449 kJ/jam
b. Panas Sensibel Gas Masuk Kondensor, Q3

H2O
412.09
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.09
= 134.94 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 T4dT
32.243
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 134.94 32.2430 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
+ 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
3 4
= 524323.7214 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
412.09
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.09
= 33.953
-31.3860
298.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
0.57313 2 2
= 33.953 -22.0620 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.09 - 298.15
5
= 961295.8875 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
412.09
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.09
= 1E-02
-31.3860
298.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
0.56182 2 2
= 1E-02 -16.2020 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.09 - 298.15
5
= 375.7357 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
412.09
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.09
= 3E-04
-31.3860
298.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
0.56182 2 2
= 3E-04 18.1480 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.09 - 298.15
5
= 5.0149 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.09
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.09
= 1E-03
-31.3860
298.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12 T5
dT
0.47460 2 2
= 1E-03 -31.3860 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 412.09 - 298.15 + 412.09 - 298.15
3 4
### 5 5
+ 412.09 - 298.15
5
= 12.7227 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q3 = 1486013.0821 kJ/jam
c. Panas Sensibel Cairan Reflux, Q4

H2O
379.13
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
379.13
= 14.3560 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.47212 2 2
= 14.3560 18.2964 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 87977.7282 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 3.61 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 3.61 46.9480 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 59114.1629 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 0.0015 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.91277 2 2
= 0.0015 39.4730 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 22.0440 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 3E-05 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
1.56240 2 2
= 3E-05 -12.6350 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 0.5772 kJ/jam
C6H6
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 0.0001 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.47430 2 2
= 0.0001 -33.6620 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 6.5729 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q4 = 147121.0852 kJ/jam
d. Panas Sensibel Cairan Produk Distilat, Q5

H2O
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= ### 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.47212 2 2
= ### 18.2964 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 738973.9349 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
379.13
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= ### 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= ### 46.9480 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 496532.7759 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
379.13
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
379.13
= 0.0124 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.91277 2 2
= 0.0124 39.4730 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 185.1595 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
379.13
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
379.13
= 2E-04 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
1.56240 2 2
= 2E-04 -12.6350 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 4.8485 kJ/jam
C6H6
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 0.0010 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.47430 2 2
= 0.0010 -33.6620 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 379.13 - 298.15 + 379.13 - 298.15
3 4
= 55.2094 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q5 = 1235751.9282 kJ/jam
e. Panas yang dilepas oleh Pendingin Kondensor, Qc

Qc = Q2 + Q3 - Q4 + Q5
= 109847.0136 kJ/jam
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp air 0.9987 kkal/kgoC
= 4.1787 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. T
Qc
mc =
Cp. T
109847.0136
= = 1314.3805 kg/jam
4.1787 ( 45 - 25 )
Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Reboiler

a. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk MD , Q1
Panas sensibel masuk MD 2 sama dengan panas sensibel cairan keluaran Heater.
Q1 = 2666525.0385 kJ/jam
b. Panas Sensibel Cairan Produk Bawah, Q6

H2O
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 0.0759
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.47212 2 2
= 0.0759 18.2964 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
= 0.0759 18.2964 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 925.7972 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 187.06 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 187.06 46.9480 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= ### kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.9128 2 2
= 8E-02 39.47 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 2329.6045 kJ/jam
C6H4NO2
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.56240 2 2
= 1E-03 -12.6 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-3E-03 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 61.2887 kJ/jam
C6H6
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.47430 2 2
= 6E-03 -33.7 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-4E-03 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 851.1017 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q6 = ### kJ/jam
c. Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemanas Reboiler, Qrb

Qrb = Q5 + Q6 + Qc - Q1
= 13169296.0735
Kebutuhan panas Heater sebesar ### kJ, panas disupply menggunakan
o

Sehingga :
Qr = m.steam
Massa steam = Qr = 13169296.0735 kJ/jam= 14471.9130 kg/jam
steam 909.99 kJ/kg
Tabel Neraca Panas Menara Disti(D-330)

Panas masuk Panas keluar (kJ/jam)
Komponen
(kJ/jam) Arus Arus
Q C6H5NO2 978.0620 185.1595 2329.6045
Q C6H4N2O4 104.9953 4.8485 61.2887
Q H2O 38610.6875 738973.9349 925.7972
Q C6H6 346.4803 55.2094 851.1017
Q C6H5NH2 2626484.8134 496532.7759 ###
Q pendingin - 109847.0136 -
Q steam 13169296.07 - -
1345598.9418 ###
Total ###
15835821.1120
B.14 COOLER
28 oC
Q1 Q2
184.2 C o
30 o
C
Qc 45 C
o
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
dimana:
1. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk, Q1

Panas sensibel yang masuk Cooler sama dengan panas sensibel cairan yang keluar MD
Q1 = ### kJ/jam

Komposisi arus 6:
H2O = 0.6193 kg/jam = 0.0344 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.2145 kg/jam = 0.0028 kmol/jam
H2O
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 0.0344 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4dT
298.15
0.47212 2 2
= 0.0344 18.2964 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 1951.0776 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
457.17
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 84.85 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 84.85 46.9480 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 2838811.5810 kJ/jam
C6H6
457.17
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 3E-03 46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.4743 2 2
= 3E-03 -33.6620 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
### 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 386.0537 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.9128 2 2
= 3E-02 39.47 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 1056.6921 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.56240 2 2
= 6E-04 -12.6 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
2
-3E-03 3 3 ### 4 4
+ 457.17 - 298.15 + 457.17 - 298.15
3 4
= 115.9067 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q2 = 2842321.3110 kJ/jam

Qc = Q1 - Q2
= ### - 2842321.3110 = ### kJ/jam
Sebagai pendingin digunakan air pada suhu 25 C dan tekanan 1 atm.
o

= 4.1787 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. T
Qc
mc =
Cp. T
11647900.8591
= = ### kg/jam
4.17866 ( 45 - 25 )
Tabel Neraca Panas Cooler 1(E-221)

Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 2329.6045 1056.6921
Q C6H4N2O4 61.2887 115.9067
Q C6H5NH2 ### 2838811.5810
Q C6H6 851.1017 386.0537
Q H2O 925.7972 1951.0776
Q pendingin - 11647900.8591
Total ### 14490222.1702
LAMPIRAN A

= 7891.4141 kg/jam
= 1 hari = 24 jam

= Air = 0.0010
= Benzen = 0.0010

= Air = 0.0100

Air H2O 100 18
Benzen C6H6 80.1 78
Metana CH4 -164 16
A.1 SEPARATOR
2
Separator
Basis = 100 kg/jam

Asumsi = 80% produk
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
Arus 1 (umpan):
H2O = 0.1000 kg/jam = 0.0056 kmol/jam
Arus 3
H2O = 0.0200 kg/jam = 0.0011 kmol/jam

Komponen
Nitrobenzen 99.3000 79.4400 19.8600
H2O 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
Di-Nitrobenzen 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
Benzen 0.1000 0.0800 0.0200
79.6800 19.9200
Total
99.6000 99.6000
A.2 REAKTOR
4
Reaktor
Konversi = 0.98
C6H6 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam

H2 = 3.8751 kg/jam = 1.9376 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
Bahan yang Bereaksi
= 0.98 x 79.4400
= 77.8512 kg/jam = 0.6329 kmol/jam

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0005 kmol/jam

= 0.08 kg/jam = 0.0010256 kmol/jam

= 3.7976 kg/jam = 1.8988 kmol/jam

= 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
Reaksi yang Reaksi

C6H5NO2 + 3H2 C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
Mula-mula 0.6459 1.9376 - -

Bereaksi 0.6329 1.8988 0.6329 1.2659
Sisa 0.0129 0.0388 0.6329 1.2659
H2O = 1.2659 kmol/jam = 22.7857 kg/jam

C6H5NO2 79.4400 1.5888
C6H4NO2 0.0800 0.0800
H2O 0.0800 0.0800
C6H6 0.0800 0.0800
H2 3.8751 0.0775
CH4 0.00004 0.00004
C6H5NH2 - 58.8631
H2O - 22.7857
Total 83.5552 83.5552
Bahan Yang Masuk
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
H2 = 0.0775 kg/jam = 0.0388 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
H2O = 22.7857 kg/jam = 1.2659 kmol/jam
A.3 Flash Tank

5
Flash
Tank
6
Bahan Yang Masuk
H2O = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0044 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.0800 kg/jam = 0.0010 kmol/jam
H2 = 0.0775 kg/jam = 0.0388 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00004 kg/jam = 0.000002 kmol/jam
H2O = 22.7857 kg/jam = 1.2659 kmol/jam

Air (H2O)
Benzen (C6H6)
Gas Hidrogen (H2)

Gas Metana (CH4)

Anilin (C6H5NH2)

Air (H2O)
Benzen (C6H6)
2% x C6H6 yang masuk = 0.0016 kg/jam = 2.051E-05 kmol/jam
Anilin (C6H5NH2)
Hidrogen (H2)
Keluar (kg/jam)
V L
C6H5NO2 1.5888 1.5570 0.0318
C6H4NO2 0.0800 0.0792 0.0008
H2O 22.8657 22.4084 0.4573
C6H6 0.0800 0.0784 0.0016
H2 0.0775 0.0775 -
CH4 3.875160703E-05 3.875160703E-05 -
C6H5NH2 58.8631 0.0059 58.8572
24.2065 59.3487
Total 83.5552
83.5552
Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.0448 0.0000
C6H4NO2 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.0241 0.0000
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C6H6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -
(L/V) data = 2.4518

Fi (L/V)data Pi
T trial = 139.53 C = 412.53 K Fi

C6H5NO2 0.0129 101.6479 0.1337 18.3314

C6H4NO2 0.0005 1.1463 0.0015 1625.5992
H2O 1.2703 2663.536 3.5047 0.6996
C6H6 0.0010 3492.8994 4.5959 0.5335
H2 0.0388 560527.74 737.5365 0.0033
CH4 2E-06 936103.2 1231.7147 0.0020
C6H5NH2 0.3197 201.9982 0.2658 9.2246
Total 1.6432
Vi %V Li %Li
0.0007 0.0008 0.0097 0.0289

2.927522E-07 3.575968E-07 0.0005 0.0014
0.7474 0.9130 0.1324 0.3938
0.0007 0.0008 0.0001 0.0002
0.0386 0.0472 2.141814E-05 0.0001
2.417164E-06 2.952565E-06 8.01744E-10 2.383884E-09
0.0313 0.0382 0.1936 0.5756
0.8187 1.0000 0.3363 1.0000
L = Fi
Vi total
= 2.0072

7
Distilasi
Menara
Arus 6
C6H5NO2 0.0318 0.0003

C6H4NO2 0.0008 4.761905E-06
H2O 0.4573 0.0254
C6H6 0.0016 2.051282E-05
C6H5NH2 58.8572 0.6329
Total 59.3487 0.6586

T = 170.11 C = 443.11 K ; P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
C6H5NO2 0.0003 0.0004 267.6120 0.5177

C6H4NO2 4.761905E-06 7.230748E-06 5.5490 0.0107
H2O 0.0254 0.0386 5942.6871 11.4957
C6H6 2.051282E-05 3.114784E-05 6402.8470 12.3859
C6H5NH2 0.6329 0.9610 516.9484 1.0000
Total 0.6586 1
yi i
0.0002 1.0000
7.761584E-08 0.0207
0.4435 22.2064
0.0004 23.9259
0.9610 1.9317
1.405

B.1 Distilat
C H
3. H 2
O = 99.00% x Massa = 0.0252 kmol/jam
5. C H
6 5

Massa Total = 0.0315 = 8.205521E-05

Massa Total = 0.0315 = 1.512491E-06

Massa Total = 0.0315 = 0.7989


Massa Total = 0.0314839 = 0.2010
H
3. 2 O = 1% x Massa = 0.0003 kmol/jam

Massa Total = 0.6271 = 0.0004

Massa Total = 0.6271 = 0.0000

Massa Total = 0.6271 = 0.0004

Massa Total = 0.6271 = 0.0000

Massa Total = 0.6270794 = 0.9991
Massa Distilat
Komponen
C6H5NO2 0.0003 1% 2.583415E-06 8.205521E-05
C6H4NO2 4.761905E-06 1% 4.761905E-08 1.512491E-06
H2O 0.0254 99% 0.0252 0.7989
C6H6 2.051282E-05 1% 2.051282E-07 0
C6H5NH2 0.6329 1% 0.0063 0.2010
Total 0.6586 0.0315 1.0000
Massa Bottom
Komponen
C6H5NO2 0.0003 99% 0.0003 0.0004
C6H4NO2 4.761905E-06 99% 4.714286E-06 7.517845E-06
H2O 0.0254 1% 0.0003 0.0004
C6H6 2.05.E-05 99% 2.03.E-05 0.0000
C6H5NH2 0.6329 99% 0.6265 0.9991
Total 0.6586 0.6271 1.0000

T= 182.7943 C = 455.9443 K

Komponen Pi
C6H5NO2 2.583415E-06 8.205521E-05 382.33575 0.5031 0.0001631 1.0000
C6H4NO2 4.761905E-08 1.512491E-06 9.9670455 0.0131 0.0001153 0.0261
H2O 0.0252 0.7988947509 8030.4177 10.5663 0.0756 21.0036
C6H6 2.051282E-07 6.515345E-06 8034.002 10.5711 6.163E-07 21.0129
C6H5NH2 0.0063 0.2010151661 733.28465 0.9648 0.2083 1.9179
Total 0.0315 1 0.284


T= 184.0100 C = 457.15996218 K
Komponen Pi
C6H5NO2 0.0003 0.0004 394.95015 0.5196713 0.000212 1.0000
C6H4NO2 4.714286E-06 0.0000 10.513526 0.0138336 1.04E-07 0.0266
H2O 0.0003 0.0004 8254.6734 10.861412 0.0044005 20.9005
C6H6 2.03.E-05 0.0000 8202.4461 10.792692 0.0003495 20.7683
C6H5NH2 0.6265 0.9991 757.05477 0.9961247 0.9952751 1.9168
Total 0.6271 1 1.000

Komponen
C6H6 0.0016 2E-05 2E-03
H2O 0.4573 0.4527 0.0046
C6H5NH2 58.8572 0.5886 58.2686
C6H5NO2 0.0318 0.0003 0.0315
C6H4NO2 0.0008 8E-06 0.0008
59.3487 1.0417 58.3071
Total 59.3487 59.3487
Produk = 58.2732
Faktor Pengali = 7891.4141

58.2732 = 135.4209
135.4209
LAMPIRAN A

= 7891.4141 kg/jam
= 1 hari = 24 jam

= Air = 0.0010
= Benzen = 0.0010

= Air = 0.0100

Air H2O 100 18
Benzen C6H6 80.1 78
Metana CH4 -164 16
A.1 SEPARATOR
2
Separator
Basis = 100 kg/jam

Asumsi = 80% produk
H2O = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.5991 kmol/jam
Arus 1 (umpan):
H2O = 13.4799 kg/jam = 0.7489 kmol/jam
Arus 3
H2O = 2.6960 kg/jam = 0.1498 kmol/jam

Komponen
Nitrobenzen 13439.5002 10751.6001 2687.9000
H2O 13.4799 10.7840 2.6960
Di-Nitrobenzen 13.4799 10.7840 2.6960
Benzen 13.4799 10.7840 2.6960
10783.9520 2695.9880
Total
13479.9400 13479.9400
A.2 REAKTOR
4
Reaktor
Konversi = 0.98
C6H6 = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.0642 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.1383 kmol/jam

H2 = 524.4683 kg/jam = 262.2341 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00524 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
Bahan yang Bereaksi
= 0.98 x 10751.6001
= 10536.568 kg/jam = 85.6632 kmol/jam

= 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.5991 kmol/jam

= 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.0642 kmol/jam

= 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.1382558 kmol/jam

= 513.9789 kg/jam = 256.9895 kmol/jam

= 0.00524 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
Reaksi yang Reaksi

C6H5NO2 + 3H2 C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
Mula-mula 87.4114 262.2341 - -

Bereaksi 85.6632 256.9895 85.6632 171.3263
Sisa 1.7482 5.2447 85.6632 171.3263
H2O = 171.3263 kmol/jam = 3083.8736 kg/jam

C6H5NO2 10751.6001 215.0320
C6H4NO2 10.7840 10.7840
H2O 10.7840 10.7840
C6H6 10.7840 10.7840
H2 524.4683 10.4894
CH4 0.00524 0.00524
C6H5NH2 - 7966.6735
H2O - 3083.8736
Total 11308.4255 11308.4255
Bahan Yang Masuk
H2O = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.5991 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.1383 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4894 kg/jam = 5.2447 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00524 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
H2O = 3083.8736 kg/jam = 171.3263 kmol/jam
A.3 Flash Tank

5
Flash
Tank
6
Bahan Yang Masuk
H2O = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.5991 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.7840 kg/jam = 0.1383 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.4894 kg/jam = 5.2447 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.00524 kg/jam = 0.000328 kmol/jam
H2O = 3083.8736 kg/jam = 171.3263 kmol/jam

Air (H2O)
Benzen (C6H6)
Gas Hidrogen (H2)

Gas Metana (CH4)

Anilin (C6H5NH2)

Air (H2O)
Benzen (C6H6)
Anilin (C6H5NH2)
Hidrogen (H2)
Keluar (kg/jam)
V L
C6H5NO2 215.0320 210.7314 4.3006
C6H4NO2 10.7840 10.6761 0.1078
H2O 3094.6576 3032.7644 61.8932
C6H6 10.7840 10.5683 0.2157
H2 10.4894 10.4894 -
CH4 0.0052447354 0.0052447354 -
C6H5NH2 7966.6735 0.7967 7965.8768
3276.0314 8032.3941
Total 11308.4255
11308.4255
Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.0448 0.0000
C6H4NO2 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.0241 0.0000
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C6H6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -
(L/V) data = 2.4519

Fi (L/V)data Pi
T trial = 139.53 C = 412.53 K Fi

C6H5NO2 1.7482 101.6479 0.1337 18.3321

C6H4NO2 0.0642 1.1463 0.0015 1625.6623
H2O 171.9254 2663.536 3.5047 0.6996
C6H6 0.1383 3492.8994 4.5959 0.5335
H2 5.2447 560527.74 737.5365 0.0033
CH4 3E-04 936103.2 1231.7147 0.0020
C6H5NH2 43.2736 201.9982 0.2658 9.2249
Total 222.3947
Vi %V Li %Li
0.0904 0.0008 1.3165 0.0289

3.946129E-05 3.561597E-07 0.0640 0.0014
101.1562 0.9130 17.9221 0.3937
0.0902 0.0008 0.0113 0.0002
5.2273 0.0472 0.0028986694 0.0001
0.0003271447 2.95266E-06 1.085057E-07 2.383875E-09
4.2322 0.0382 26.1998 0.5756
110.7966 1.0000 45.5165 1.0000
L = Fi
Vi total
= 2.0072

7
Distilasi
Menara
Arus 6
C6H5NO2 4.3006 0.0350

C6H4NO2 0.1078 0.0006419019
H2O 61.8932 3.4385
C6H6 0.2157 0.0027651159
C6H5NH2 7965.8768 85.6546
Total 8032.3941 89.1315

T = 170.11 C = 443.11 K ; P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
C6H5NO2 0.0350 0.0004 267.6120 0.5177

C6H4NO2 0.0006419019 7.201743E-06 5.5490 0.0107
H2O 3.4385 0.0386 5942.6871 11.4957
C6H6 0.0027651159 3.102289E-05 6402.8470 12.3859
C6H5NH2 85.6546 0.9610 516.9484 1.0000
Total 89.1315 1
yi i
0.0002 1.0000
7.73045E-08 0.0207
0.4435 22.2064
0.0004 23.9259
0.9610 1.9317
1.405

B.1 Distilat
C H
3. H 2
O = 99.00% x Massa = 3.4041 kmol/jam
5. C H
6 5

Massa Total = 4.2611 = 8.205613E-05

Massa Total = 4.2611 = 1.50644E-06

Massa Total = 4.2611 = 0.7989


Massa Total = 4.2610529 = 0.2010
H
3. 2 O = 1% x Massa = 0.0344 kmol/jam

Massa Total = 84.8704 = 0.0004

Massa Total = 84.8704 = 0.0000

Massa Total = 84.8704 = 0.0004

Massa Total = 84.8704 = 0.0000

Massa Total = 84.870416 = 0.9991
Massa Distilat
Komponen
C6H5NO2 0.0350 1% 0.0003496455 8.205613E-05
C6H4NO2 0.0006419019 1% 0.000006419 1.50644E-06
H2O 3.4385 99% 3.4041 0.7989
C6H6 0.0027651159 1% 2.765116E-05 0
C6H5NH2 85.6546 1% 0.8565 0.2010
Total 89.1315 4.2611 1.0000
Massa Bottom
Komponen
C6H5NO2 0.0350 99% 0.0346 0.0004
C6H4NO2 0.0006419019 99% 0.0006354829 7.487684E-06
H2O 3.4385 1% 0.0344 0.0004
C6H6 2.77.E-03 99% 2.74.E-03 0.0000
C6H5NH2 85.6546 99% 84.7980 0.9991
Total 89.1315 84.8704 1.0000

T= 182.7943 C = 455.9443 K

Komponen Pi
C6H5NO2 0.0003496455 8.205613E-05 382.33575 0.5031 0.0001631 1.0000
C6H4NO2 0.000006419 1.50644E-06 9.9670455 0.0131 0.0001149 0.0261
H2O 3.4041 0.7988925214 8030.4177 10.5663 0.0756 21.0036
C6H6 2.765116E-05 6.489278E-06 8034.002 10.5711 6.139E-07 21.0129
C6H5NH2 0.8565 0.2010174268 733.28465 0.9648 0.2083 1.9179
Total 4.2611 1 0.284


T= 184.0100 C = 457.15996218 K
Komponen Pi
C6H5NO2 0.0346 0.0004 394.95015 0.5196713 0.000212 1.0000
C6H4NO2 0.0006354829 0.0000 10.513526 0.0138336 1.036E-07 0.0266
H2O 0.0344 0.0004 8254.6734 10.861412 0.0044005 20.9005
C6H6 2.74.E-03 0.0000 8202.4461 10.792692 0.0003481 20.7683
C6H5NH2 84.7980 0.9991 757.05477 0.9961247 0.9952753 1.9168
Total 84.8704 1 1.000

Komponen
C6H6 0.2157 2E-03 2E-01
H2O 61.8932 61.2742 0.6189
C6H5NH2 7965.8768 79.6588 7886.2180 62500005.894721
C6H5NO2 4.3006 0.0430 4.2576
C6H4NO2 0.1078 1E-03 0.1068
8032.3941 140.9792 7891.4149
Total 8032.3941 8032.3941
LAMPIRAN B
NERACA PANAS
Sebagai Basis Perhitungan

Kapasitas Produksi = 62500 Ton/Tahun
Hari Kerja = 330 Hari
Produksi Aniline Per= 7891.4141414 Kg/Jam
Basis Waktu = 1 Jam
Satuan Massa = Kg
Satuan Panas = kJ
Satuan Cp = kJ/mol
Suhu Referensi = 25oC (298,15K)
Data Data yang Diperlukan

Kapasitas panas gas, cairan dan padatan
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4 (kJ/kmol. K)
Sehingga Cp dT = B C D E
AT T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5
2 3 4 5
keterangan
Cp = kapasitas panas (kJ/kmol K)
A, B, C, D, = konstanta
T = suhu (K)
Komponen A B C D E
H2 27.143 0.009273 -0.0000138 7.645E-09

C6H6 -31.386 0.4746 -0.0003114 8.524E-08 -5.052E-12
H2O 32.243 0.001923 1.055E-05 -3.596E-09
C6H5NH2 -22.062 0.57313 -0.0004565 -1.841E-07 -2.987E-11
C6H5NO2 -16.202 0.56182 -0.000393 -1.004E-07 -1.225E-12
C6H4N2O4 18.148 0.56182 -0.000393 1.004E-07 -1.225E-12
CH4 34.942 -0.039957 -0.0001918 -1.53E-07 3.932E-11
Sumber Yaws dan Coulson
Data kapasitas panas untuk liquid
Komponen A B C D
H2 28.84 0.00765 0.3288 -8.698E-10

C6H6 -33.662 0.4743 -0.0036078 3.824E-06
H2O 18.2964 0.47212 -0.0013388 1.314E-06
C6H5NH2 46.948 0.9896 -0.0023583 2.33E-06
CH4 -0.018 1.1982 -0.0098722 3.167E-05
C6H5NO2 39.473 0.91277 -0.0021098 2.009E-06
C6H4N2O4 -12.635 1.5624 -0.0029981 2.317E-06
Sumber Yaws dan Himmelblau
Kapasitas panas untuk Cooper Carbonate dicari dengan pendekatan pada

Perrys 7th Edition tabel 2-393
ElemenSolid ,J/mol C
Cu 26
C 7.5
O 16.7
H 9.6
Sehingga Kapasitas Panas CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 adalah

CpCuCO3.Cu(OH= 162.2 J/mol C Treff = 20 C
Data entalpi pembentukan
KomponenHf (Kj/mol)
H2 0
C6H6 82.9
H2O -241.826
C6H5NH2 86.86
CH4 -74.5
C6H5NO2 67.6
C6H4N2O4 50.8
Sumber Yaws an Himmelblau
Data berat molekul

Komponen Rumus molekul BM
Hidrogen H2 2
Benzene C6H6 78
Air H2O 18
Anilin C6H5NH2 93
Metana CH4 16
Nitrobenzen C6H5NO2 123
Di-Nitrobenze C6H4N2O4 168
Data bilangan Antoine

Antoine
Komponen
A B C D E
C6H5NO2 -54.494 -2112.3 29.321 -0.044839 2E-05
C6H4N2O4 -24.246 -4114 16.344 -0.024085 9E-06
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13 - -
C6H6 15.9008 2788.51 -52.36 - -
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19 - -
CH4 15.2243 597.84 -7.16 - -
C6H5NH2 16.6748 3857.52 -73.15 - -
B.1 Heater (E-114)

Fungsi : Mengubah fase Hidrogen cair menjadi uap Hidrogen
Tujuan : Menaikkan suhu feed menjadi 250oC
Q3 Qsteam
Q1 Q2
Neraca Energi
H = Hout - Hin
Massa n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
H2 524.4683 262.23415
CH4 0.0052447 0.0003278
Tin = 30 C=
o
303.15 K
Tref = 25 C=
o
298.15 K
H2
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
303.15

= 262.234 27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09dT
298.15
T4
0.00927 2 2
= 262.234 27.143 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0000138 3 3 7.645E-09
+ 303.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4
303.15 - 298.15
= 40106.464355 kJ/jam
CH4
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
303.15
T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11
= 0.00033 34.942 dT T5
298.15
-0.04 2 2
= 0.00033 34.942 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0001918 3 3 -1.53E-07
+ 303.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4 3.932E-11 5 5
303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
5
= 0.1518959651 kJ/jam
Q1= Q H2 + Q CH4
= 40106.464355 + 0.151896 = 40106.616 kJ/jam
*Hout
Tout = 250 C=
o
523.15 K
Tref = 25 C=
o
298.15 K
H2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15

= 262.234 27.1430T + 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09dT
298.15
T4
0.00927 2 2
= 262.234 27.143 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0000138 3 3 7.645E-09
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4
523.15 - 298.15
= 1719027.9531 kJ/jam
CH4
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11

= 0.00033 34.942
298.15
dT T5
-0.04 2 2
= 0.00033 34.942 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0001918 3 3 -1.53E-07
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4 3.932E-11 5 5
523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 4.7476417941 kJ/jam
Q2 = Q H2 + Q CH4
= 1719027.9531 + 4.7476417941 = 1719032.7007 kJ/jam
Q3= Q2 - Q1
= 1719032.7007 - 40106.61625
= 1678926.0845 kJ/jam

Saturated steam, dengan suhu 300oC dengan tekanan 1 atm, dari properties of saturated
water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004 diperoleh data:
Sehingga :
Q3 = m.steam
Massa steam = Q3= 1678926.0845 kJ/mo= 1844.9939939 kg/jam
steam 909.99 kJ/kg

Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q H2 40106.464355 1719027.9531
Q CH4 0.1518959651 4.7476417941
Q Steam 1678926.0845 -
Total 1719032.7007 1719032.7007
B.2. VAPORIZER (V-130)

Fungsi : Menguapkan bahan baku Nitrobenzene sebelum
masuk reaktor
Tujuan : - Menentukan Suhu Keluar (T out) Vaporizer.
- Menghitung kebutuhan pemanas
Arus 3
204.887 oC Steam 250 oC
Qs
Arus 2
30 oC Steam 250 oC
1. Penentuan Kondisi Operasi Vaporizer (E-121)
Data Komponen Masuk
M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 2687.9 21.852846
C6H4N2O4 2.695988 0.0160475
H2O 2.695988 0.1497771
C6H6 2.695988 0.0345639
Menentukan Suhu Keluar (T out) Vaporizer
Menentukan Kondisi Dew Point

Kondisi Operasi P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 210.82 oC = 483.97 K
Tabel Perhitungan Tekanan Dew Point

n Pi sat Ki yi
Komponen xi
kmol/jam mmHg Pi sat/P Ki/xi
C6H5NO2 21.8528 0.99091 766.9869219826 1.0091933184 0.9818866179
C6H4N2O4 0.01605 0.00073 31.3711504459 0.0412778295 0.0176286691
H2O 0.14978 0.00679 12582.76310898 16.556267249 0.0004102142
C6H6 0.03456 0.00157 14575.28479077 19.178006304 8.172362E-05
Total 22.0532 1 1.0000072248
Menentukan Kondisi Bubble Point

Kondisi Operasi P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 204.887 oC = 478.037 K
Tabel Perhitungan Tekanan Bubble Point

n Pi sat Ki yi
Komponen xi
kmol/jam mmHg Pi sat/P Ki.xi
C6H5NO2 21.8528 0.99091 667.5743290028 0.878387275 0.8704057336
C6H4N2O4 0.01605 0.00073 24.9559482719 0.032836774 2.389444E-05
H2O 0.14978 0.00679 11499.18607652 15.130507995 0.102760608
C6H6 0.03456 0.00157 12930.46347249 17.013767727 0.0266656121
Total 22.0532 1 0.9998558481
Suhu keluar vaporizer merupakan suhu pada kondisi operasinya yaitu

pada kondisi bubble point
T out = 204.887 oC = 478.037 K
Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Vaporizer (V-130)

a. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk, Q1
T Laruta = 30 C T reff = 25 C
= 303.15 K = 298.15 K
C6H5NO2
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.91277 2 2
= 21.8528 39.5 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2E-06 4 4
- 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 19426.684 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.5624 2 2
= 0.01605 -13 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-0.003 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 63.474463 kJ/jam
C6H6
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.4743 2
= 0.03456 -33.662 303.15 - 298.15 303.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0036 3 3 4E-06 4
+ 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 93.148163 kJ/jam
H2O
303.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.47212 2 2
= 0.14978 18.2964 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0013 3 3 1E-06 4 4
+ 303.15 - 298.15 + 303.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 56.120587 kJ/jam
Panas sensibel masuk, Q1

Q1 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + H2O
Q1= 19426.684316 + 63.474463311 + 93.148162598 + 56.120586997 kJ/jam
Q1= 19639.427529 kJ/jam
b. Panas Laten Penguapan Komponen, Q
Komponen Tb (K) Tc (K) Hv (Kj/mol)
C6H5NO2 483.95 719 44.08 Yaws

C6H4N2O4 572 803 61.56 Yaws
H2O 353.24 562.16 30.75 Yaws
C6H6 373.15 647.4 40.68 Himmelblau

=
H1 1 - Tr1
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1
1 - Tr1
Tr2 = T2/TC (K)
Tr1 = T1/TC (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu
= T dew = 210.82 oC = 483.97 K
C6H5NO2
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 483.97 719 0.38 = 44.078575 kJ/kmol
H2 = 44.08 x
1 - 483.95 719
C6H4N2O4
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 483.97 803 0.38 = 69.595641 kJ/kmol
H2 = 61.56 x
1 - 572 803

C6H6
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 483.97 562.16 0.38 = 21.166555 kJ/kmol

H2 = 30.75 x
1 - 353.24 562.16
H2O
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 483.97 647.4 0.38 = 33.415757 kJ/kmol
H2 = 40.68 x
1 - 373.15 647.4

Q2= 963.24229693 + 1.1168393596 + 3.1702654248 + 1.1549804982 kJ/jam
Q2= 968.68438221 kJ/jam
c. Panas Sensibel Uap Keluar (Q3)

T uap = 204.88678 C T reff = 25 C
= 478.03678 K = 298.15 K
C6H5NO2
478.036776
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
0.56182 2 2
= 21.8528 -16 478.037 - 298.15 + 478.037 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
= 478.037 - 298.15 + 478.037 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 478.037 - 298.15
5
= 1051353.613209 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
478.036776
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.01605 18.1 478.037 - 298.15 + 478.037 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
+ 478.037 - 298.15 + 478.037 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 478.037 - 298.15
5
= 524.3520428966 kJ/jam
C6H6
478.036776
Q = n Cpg dT
298.15
0.4746 2
= 0.03456 -31.386 478.037 - 298.15 478.037 - 298.15
2
-0.0003 3 3 9E-08 4
+ 478.037 - 298.15 + 478.037 - 298.15
3 4
-5E-12 5 5
+ 478.037 - 298.15
5
= 1276.1441 kJ/jam
H2O
478.036776
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
0.00192 2 2
= 0.14978 32.243 478.037 - 298.15 + 478.037 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 478.037 - 298.15 + 478.037 - 298.15
3 4
= 6219.3303 kJ/jam
Q3 = Q C6H5NO2 + Q C6H4N2O4 + Q C6H6 + Q H2O

Q3= 1051353.6132 + 524.3520429 + 1276.144119 + 6219.3303403 kJ/jam
Q3= 1059373.4397 kJ/jam
d. Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh pemanas

Q1+Q4 = Q2+Q3
Q4= (Q2+Q3)-Q1
Q4= 968.68438221 + 1059373.4397 - 19639.427529 (kJ/jam)
Q4= 1040702.6966 (kJ/jam)
Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam yaitu saturated steam pada suhu 300oC dan
dan tekanan 84,7 atm.
Dari properties of saturated water and saturated steam up to 1 atm, stoichiometry 2004
= 909.99 kJ/kg
Sehingga:
Q4
msteam =

1040702.6966 kJ/ja
= = 1143.6419 kg/jam
909.99 kJ/kg
Tabel Neraca Panas Vaporizer(V-130)

C6H5NO2 19426.684316 -
C6H4N2O4 63.474463311 -
C6H6 93.148162598 -
H2O 56.120586997 -
Q preheating - 1059373.4397
Q vaporizing - 968.68438221
Q steam 1040702.6966 -
Total 1060342.1241 1060342.1241
B.3. SEPARATOR (H-120)

Fungsi : Memisahkan fase gas dan fase cair yang terbentuk
Tujuan : Menghitung panas setiap arus

Arus 4
205 oC
Arus 3
205 oC
Arus 5
205 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
3 = 4+ 5
dimana: 3 = Panas sensibel gas masuk separator, Q1
4 = Panas sensibel gas keluar separator, Q2
5 = Panas sensibel cairan keluar separator, Q3
Q=H= n_(T_reff)^T C_(p ) dT

dimana:


Panas sensibel yang masuk Separator sama dengan panas gas yang keluar Vaporizer.
Q1 = 1059373.4397 kJ/jam
2. Panas Sensibel Gas Keluar, Q2

Komposisi arus 4:
C6H6 = 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.13826 kmol/jam
H2O = 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.59911 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
477.6
Q = n Cpg dT
298.15
477.6

= 87.4114 -16.2020 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
298.15
T4
0.56182 2 2
= 87.4114 -16.202 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 -1E-07 4 4
+ 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 477.6 - 298.15
5
= 4205414.4528 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
477.6
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.6
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12dTT5
= 0.06419 18.1480
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.06419 18.148 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
+ 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 477.6 - 298.15
5
= 2108.4093 kJ/jam
C6H6
477.6
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.6
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5

= 0.13826 -31.3860
298.15
0.4746 2 2
= 0.13826 -31.386 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
2
-0.0003 3 3 9E-08 4 4
+ 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
3 4
-5E-12 5 5
+ 477.6 - 298.15
5
= 5104.5765 kJ/jam
H2O
477.6
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
477.6
= 0.59911 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.59911 32.243 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
3 4
= 3696.5531 kJ/jam
Q2 = 4205414.4528 + 2108.4093 + 5104.5764759 + 3696.5531
= 4216323.9917 kJ/jam
Sehingga, panas keluar separator:

Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q3= Q1- Q2
= 1059373.4397 - 4216323.9917 = -3156950.552 kkal/jam
Tabel Neraca Massa Separator (H-120)

Panas masuk (kJ/jam) Panas keluar (kJ/jam)
Komponen
Q C6H5NO2 1051353.61320946 4205414.4528 -3154060.84
Q C6H4N2O4 524.3520428966 2108.4093009 -1584.057258
Q C6H6 1276.1441189656 5104.5764759 -3828.432357
Q H2O 6219.3303402584 3696.553092 2522.7772483
4216323.9917 -3156950.552
Total 1059373.43971158
1059373.43971158
B.4 Heater (E-114)

Q3 Qsteam
Q1 Q2
Neraca Energi
H = Hout - Hin

M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 10751.6 87.411383
C6H4N2O4 10.783952 0.0160475
H2O 10.783952 0.1497771
C6H6 10.783952 0.0345639
*Hin
Tin = 204 oC = 477.6 K
Tref = 25 oC = 298.15 K
C6H5NO2
477.6
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
477.6
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
= 87.4114 -16.2020 T4
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 87.4114 -16.202 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 -1E-07 4 4
+ 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 477.6 - 298.15
5
= 4205414.4528 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
477.6
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
477.6
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12dTT5
= 0.01605 18.1480
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.01605 18.148 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
+ 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 477.6 - 298.15
5
= 524.35204 kJ/jam
C6H6
477.6
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
477.6
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5
= 0.03456 -31.3860
298.15
0.4746 2 2
= 0.03456 -31.386 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
2
-0.0003 3 3 9E-08 4 4
+ 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
3 4
-5E-12 5 5
+ 477.6 - 298.15
5
= 1276.1441 kJ/jam
H2O
477.6
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
477.6
= 0.14978 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.14978 32.243 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 477.6 - 298.15 + 477.6 - 298.15
3 4
= 924.13827 kJ/jam

= 4208139.0873 kJ/jam

*Hout
Tin = 250 oC = 523.15 K
Tref = 25 C=
o
298.15 K
C6H5NO2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
= 87.4114 -16.2020 T4
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 87.4114 -16.202 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 -1E-07 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 5702772.4889 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
523.15
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
523.15
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12dTT5

= 0.01605 18.1480
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.01605 18.148 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 680.39842 kJ/jam
C6H6
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5

= 0.03456 -31.3860
298.15
0.4746 2 2
= 0.03456 -31.386 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0003 3 3 9E-08 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
-5E-12 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 1740.7842 kJ/jam
H2O
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.14978 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.14978 32.243 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 1165.6293 kJ/jam

= 5706359.3008 kJ/jam

Q3= Q2 - Q1
= 5706359.3008 - 4208139.0873
= 1498220.2135 kJ/jam

saturated steam dengan suhu 300oC dengan tekanan 84,7 atm. Dari properties of saturated
Sehingga :
Q3 = m.steam
Massa steam = Q3= 1498220.2135 kJ/ja = 1646.4139315 kg/jam
steam 909.99 kJ/kg

Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 4205414.4528 5702772.4889
Q C6H4N2O4 524.3520429 680.39842453
Q H2O 924.138273 1165.6292966
Q C6H6 1276.144119 1740.7841877
Q Steam 1498220.2135 -
Total 5706359.3008 5706359.3008
B.5. REAKTOR (R-210)

Fungsi : Tempat berlangsungnya reaksi Anilin
Tujuan : - Menghitung suhu keluar reaktor
- Menghitung kebutuhan pendingin
Arus 6 250 oC
Pendingin Qs
28 oC
Pendingin
Qrx 45 o
C
Arus 4 250 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
4 + Qs = 6 + Qrx
dimana: 4 = Panas Sensibel Gas Reaktan Masuk, Q reaktan
6 = Panas Sensibel Gas Produk Keluar, Q produk
Qs = Jumlah pendingin yang dibutuhkan
Qr = Panas reaksi
1. Panas Sensibel Gas Reaktan Masuk, Q reaktan

Panas gas umpan masuk reaktor (R-210) besarnya sama dengan panas gas
keluar Heater Nitrobenzen 5706359.3 kJ/ja dan Heater Hidrogen 1719032.7 kJ/jam
Q reakta = 7425392.0015 kJ/jam
2. Panas Reaksi, HR
Reaksi:
C6H5NO2 + H2 C6H5NH2 + H2O
- Panas reaksi pada keadaan standar (T = 25oC)
Hro298,15 = Hof (produk) - Hof (reaktan)
= (H of C6H5NH2 + H of H2O) - (H of C6H5NO2 + H2)
= 86.86 + ( -241.83 ) - ( 67.6 + 0 ) kJ/mol
= -222.566 kJ/kmol
- Panas reaksi, HR
HRo523.15 = n ( Hro298,15)
= XA ( n reaktan) Hro298,15)
= 0.98 x 87.611771892 x -222.57
= -19109.41359 kJ/jam
Q reaksi adalah panas yang diperlukan untuk reaksi di dalam reaktor, dimana
reaksi berupa reaksi eksotermis (HR negatif). Sehingga, perlu ditambahkan
pendingin untuk menjaga suhu optimum sesuai dengan konversi yang diinginkan.
3. Panas Sensibel Gas Produk Keluar, Q produk

Untuk menghitug panas keluar reaktor digunakan persamaan:

dimana:



Komposisi arus 6:
H2O = 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.59911 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.13826 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.489366 kg/jam = 5.24468 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052447 kg/jam = 0.00033 kmol/jam
H2O = 3083.8736 kg/jam = 171.326 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
= 1.74823 -16.2020 T4
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 1.74823 -16.202 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 -1E-07 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 114055.44978 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12dT
= 0.06419 18.1480 T5
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.06419 18.148 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 2721.5937 kJ/jam
C6H6
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5
= 0.13826 -31.3860
298.15
0.4746 2 2
= 0.13826 -31.386 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0003 3 3 9E-08 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
-5E-12 5 5
523.15 - 298.15
5
= 93765.802 kJ/jam
H2O
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 0.59911 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.59911 32.243 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 4662.5172 kJ/jam
H2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
+ 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09dT
= 5.24468 27.1430T T4
298.15
0.00927 2 2
= 5.24468 27.143 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0000138 3 3 7.645E-09
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4
523.15 - 298.15
= 34380.559062 kJ/jam
CH4
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11
= 0.00033 34.942 dT T5
298.15
-0.04 2 2
= 0.00033 34.942 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0001918 3 3 -1.53E-07
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
+ 523.15 - 298.15 +
3 4
4 4 3.932E-11 5 5
523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
5
= 4.7476417941 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 85.6632 T + 0.5731 T2 - 4.57e-4 T3 - 1.841e-7 T4 - 2.9867e-11dTT5
-22.0620
298.15
0.57313 2 2
= 85.6632 -22.062 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
-0.0005 3 3 -2E-07 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
-3E-11 5 5
523.15 - 298.15
5
= 5914984.8186 kJ/jam
H2O
523.15
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
523.15
= 171.326 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 171.326 32.243 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 523.15 - 298.15 + 523.15 - 298.15
3 4
= 1333334.3538 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q produk= 114055.45 + 2721.5937 + 93765.802 + 4662.5172 +
34380.559 + 4.7476418 + 5914984.8186 + 1333334.35378
= 7497909.84214211 kJ/jam
4. Pendingin yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemanas

Qlepas= (Q produk + Q reaksi - Q reaktan
= 7497909.8421 + -19109.41359 - 7425392.0015
= 53408.42701399 kJ/jam
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp 0.9987 kkal/kg.oC
= 4.17866 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. T
Qc
mc =
Cp. T
53408.4270139923
= = 639.06148kg/jam
4.17866 ( 45 - 25 )
Tabel Neraca Panas Reakto(R-210)

Q C6H5NO2 5702772.4889 114055.44978
Q C6H4N2O4 680.39842453 2721.5936981
Q H2O 1165.6292966 93765.802383
Q C6H6 1740.7841877 4662.5171863
Q H2 1719027.9531 34380.559062
Q CH4 4.7476417941 4.7476417941
Q C6H5NH2 - 5914984.8186
Q H2O - 1333334.3538
Q pendingin 53408.427014 -
Q reaksi - -19109.41359
Total 7478800.4286 7478800.4286
B.6. COOLER 1 (E-221)

25 C
o
Q1 Q2
250 oC 139.525 oC
Qc 45 C
o
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q=H= n_(T_reff)^T Cp_g

dimana: dT

T_reff))]
T_reff))]

Panas sensibel yang masuk Cooler sama dengan panas sensibel yang keluar Condensor
Q1 = 3358498.981 kJ/jam

Komposisi arus 6:
H2O = 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.5991084 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.1382558 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.489366 kg/jam = 5.244683 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052447 kg/jam = 0.0003278 kmol/jam
H2O = 3083.8736 kg/jam = 171.32631 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
= 1.74823 -16.2020 T4
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 1.74823 -16.202 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 -1E-07 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 47690.590562 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12dT
= 0.06419 18.1480 T5
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.06419 18.148 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 1267.3473 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5
= 0.13826 -31.3860
298.15
0.4746 2 2
= 0.13826 -31.386 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0003 3 3 9E-08 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
-5E-12 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 2865.5239 kJ/jam
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.59911 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 0.59911 32.243 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 2340.0436 kJ/jam
H2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
+ 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09dTT4
= 5.24468 27.1430T
298.15
0.00927 2 2
= 5.24468 27.143 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-1E-05 3 3 8E-09 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 17438.35311 kJ/jam
CH4
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11
= 0.00033 34.942 dT T5
T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11
= 0.00033 34.942 dT T5
298.15
-0.04 2 2
= 0.00033 34.942 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0002 3 3 -2E-07 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
4E-11 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 1.9855584 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5
= 85.6632 -31.3860
298.15
0.57313 2 2
= 85.6632 -22.062 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0005 3 3 -2E-07 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
-3E-11 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 1123213.0668 kJ/jam
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 171.326 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 171.326 32.243 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 669179.4 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q2 = 47690.591 + 1267.3473 + 2865.5239 + 2340.0436 + 17438.353
+ 1.9855584 + 1123213.0668 + 669179.40329
= 1863996.314 kJ/jam

Qc = Q1 - Q2
= 3358498.981 - 1863996.314 = 1494502.667 kJ/jam
= 4.17866 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. T
Qc
mc =
Cp. T
1494502.66699946
= = 17882.554kg/jam
4.17866 (### - ###)
Tabel Neraca Panas Cooler(E-221)

1
Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 54650.860979 47690.590562
Q C6H4N2O4 1506.9846803 1267.3472668
Q H2O 3393.9394031 671519.44685
Q C6H6 871986.39514 2865.5238874
Q H2 19608.872245 17438.35311
Q CH4 783.9191912 1.9855584179
Q C6H5NH2 2406568.0094 1123213.0668
Q pendingin - 1494502.667
Total 3358498.981 3358498.981
B.7. FLASH TANK (H-220)

Fungs: Menguapkan sebagian besar Nitrobenzen dalam campuran produk
keluaran reaktor
Arus 7
140 oC
Arus 6
140 oC
Arus 8
140 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
6 = 7+ 8
dimana: 6 = Panas sensibel gas masuk flash tank, Q1
7 = Panas sensibel gas keluar,
Q2Q
8= Panas sensibel cairan keluar flash tank, Q3
Q=H= n_(T_reff)^T C_pl dT

dimana:
T_reff))]
a. Panas Sensibel gas keluar, Q2

Komposisi arus 7:
H2O = 3032.7644 kg/jam = 168.48691 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 10.783952 kg/jam = 0.1382558 kmol/jam
H2 = 10.489366 kg/jam = 5.244683 kmol/jam
CH4 = 0.0052447 kg/jam = 0.0003278 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 - 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12 dT
= 1.71326 -16.2020 T4
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 1.71326 -16.202 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 -1E-07 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 46736.778751 kJ/jam
C6H4NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68

= 0.06355 18.1480 T + 0.5618 T2 - 3.93E-4 T3 + 1.004E-7 T4 - 1.2252E-12dT
T5
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.06355 18.148 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 1254.6738 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5

= 0.13826 -31.3860
298.15
0.4746 2 2
= 0.13826 -31.386 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0003 3 3 9E-08 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
-5E-12 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 2865.5239 kJ/jam
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 168.487 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 168.487 32.243 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 658089.05791 kJ/jam
H2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
+ 9.2730E-03 T2 - 1.3800E-05 T3 + 7.6450E-09dTT4
= 5.24468 27.1430T
298.15
0.00927 2 2
= 5.24468 27.143 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-1E-05 3 3 8E-09 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 17438.35311 kJ/jam
CH4
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
T-3.9957E-02 T2 - 1.9184E-04 T3-1.53E-07 T4+3.9321E-11
= 0.00033 34.942 dT T5
298.15
-0.04 2 2
= 0.00033 34.942 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0002 3 3 -2E-07 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
4E-11 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 1.9855584 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68

= 0.00857 -22.0620 T + 0.5731 T2 - 4.57E-4 T3 - 1.84E-7 T4 - 2.99E-11 T5dT
298.15
0.57313 2 2
= 0.00857 -22.062 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0005 3 3 -2E-07 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
-3E-11 5 5
+ 412.675 - 298.15
5
= 244.06848576 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q2 = 46736.778751 + 1254.6738 + 2865.5239 + 658089.05791 +
17438.35311 1.9855584 + 244.06848576
= 726630.4415 kJ/jam
b. Panas Sensibel Cairan Keluar, Q3

Komposisi arus 8:
H2O = 61.893151 kg/jam = 3.4385084 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.215679 kg/jam = 0.0027651 kmol/jam
C6H5NO2
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.03496
39.4730 T + 0.9128 T2 - 0.00211 T3 + 2.01E-6 T4
dT
298.15
0.91277 2 2
= 0.03496 39.473 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 751.29057282 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.00064
-12.6350 T + 1.56240 T2 - 3.00E-3 T3 + 2.32E-6 T4
dT
298.15
1.5624 2 2
= 0.00064 -12.635 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.003 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 75.820614 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 0.00277
-33.6620
298.15
T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4
dT
0.4743 2 2
= 0.00277 -33.662 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0036 3 3 4E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 244.07164 kJ/jam
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cpg dT
298.15
412.68
= 3.43851 18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
298.15
dT
0.47212 2 2
= 3.43851 18.2964 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0013 3 3 1E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 29947.505768 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2

412.68
Q = n Cpg dT
298.15
412.68
= 85.6546
298.15

46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
0.9896 2 2
= 85.6546 46.948 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0024 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 2015803.1686 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q3 = 751.29057 + 75.820614 + 244.07164 + 29947.505768 +
2046821.857235 + 2015803.168636
= 4093643.714469 kJ/jam
Sehingga, panas yang masuk flash tank:

Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
= 726630.4415 + 4093643.7145 = 4820274.156 kJ/jam
Tabel Neraca Panas Flash Tank

(H-220)
Q in (kJ/jam) Q out (kJ/jam)
Komponen
Q C6H5NO2 47488.069324 46736.778751 751.29057282
Q C6H4NO2 1330.4944078 1254.6737941 75.820613673
Q H2O 688036.56368 658089.05791 29947.505768
Q C6H6 3109.5955319 2865.5238874 244.07164452
Q CH4 1.9855584179 1.9855584179 -
Q C6H5NH2 2016047.2371 244.06848576 2015803.1686
709192.08839 2046821.8572
Total 2756013.9456
2756013.94562456
B.4 Heater (E-114)

Q3 Qsteam
Q1 Q2
Neraca Energi
H = Hout - Hin

M n
Komponen
(kg) (kmol)
C6H5NO2 4.3006401 0.0349646
C6H4N2O4 0.1078395 0.0006419
H2O 61.893151 3.4385084
C6H6 0.215679 0.0027651
C6H5NH2 7965.8768 85.654589
*Hin
Tin = 140 oC = 412.675 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K
H2O
412.68
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 3.43851
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
0.47212 2 2
= 3.43851 18.2964 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0013 3 3 1E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 29947.505768 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.68
Q = n
298.15

Cp dT
412.68
= 0.00277
-33.6620 T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4
298.15
dT
0.4743 2 2
= 0.00277 -33.662 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0036 3 3 4E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 244.07164 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
412.68
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
412.68
= 85.6546
46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 85.6546 46.948 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0024 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 2015803.1686 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
412.675
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
0.91277 2 2
= 0.03496 39.5 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 751.29057 kJ/jam
C6H4NO2
412.675
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.5624 2 2
= 0.00064 -13 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
2
-0.003 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 412.675 - 298.15 + 412.675 - 298.15
3 4
= 19.657375 kJ/jam

= 2046765.694 kJ/jam

*Hout
Tin = 172 oC = 444.79969 K
Tref = 25 o
C= 298.15 K
H2O
444.8
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
444.8
= 3.43851
298.15

18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
0.47212 2 2
= 3.43851 18.2964 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
2
-0.0013 3 3 1E-06 4 4
+ 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
3 4
= 38587.763817 kJ/jam
C6H6
444.8
Q = n
298.15

Cp dT
444.8
= 0.00277 -33.6620 T + 0.47430 T2 - 3.61E-3 T3 + 3.82E-6 T4
dT
298.15
0.4743 2 2
= 0.00277 -33.662 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
2
-0.0036 3 3 4E-06 4 4
+ 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
3 4
= 344.89018 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
444.8
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
444.8
= 85.6546
46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 85.6546 46.948 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
2
-0.0024 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
3 4
= 2624962.2806 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
444.799691
Q = n
298.15
Cp dT
0.91277 2 2
= 0.03496 39.5 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2E-06 4 4
- 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
3 4
= 977.49499 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
444.799691
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.5624 2 2
= 0.00064 -13 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
2
-0.003 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 444.8 - 298.15 + 444.8 - 298.15
3 4
= 104.51344 kJ/jam

= 2664976.943 kJ/jam
Q3= Q2 - Q1
= 2664976.943 - 2046765.694
= 618211.24904 kJ/jam
saturated steam dengan suhu 300oC dengan tekanan 84,7 atm. Dari properties of saturated
Sehingga :
Q3 = m.steam
Massa steam = Q3= 618211.24904 kJ/ja = 679.36048642 kg/jam
steam 909.99 kJ/kg

Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 751.29057282 977.49498658
Q C6H4N2O4 19.657374656 104.51343721
Q C6H5NH2 2015803.1686 2624962.2806
Q H2O 29947.505768 38587.763817
Q C6H6 244.07164452 344.89018007
Q Steam 618211.24904 -
Total 2664976.943 2664976.943
B.13. MENARA DISTILASI 1 (D-310)

Fungsi : Memisahkan produk Anilin dan air
Arus 16 139 oC
Qc
Arus 15
170.11 oC Arus 18
Arus 17 106 oC
Qr Arus 21
184 oC
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
Menentukan Kondisi Operasi Menara Distilasi

a. Kondisi Operasi Umpan
Kondisi operasi umpaP = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
Fasa = Cair Jenuh
T = 171.65 oC = 444.8 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Umpan

xi Pi ki yi
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
C6H5NO2 0.0349646 0.0003923 280.90829 0.3696162 0.000145 0.5182383
C6H4NO2 0.0006419 7.202E-06 6.0080532 0.0079053 5.693E-08 0.0110841
H2O 3.4385084 0.0385779 6189.828 8.1445105 0.3141984 11.419407
C6H6 0.0027651 3.102E-05 6602.6352 8.6876779 0.0002695 12.180981
C6H5NH2 85.654589 0.9609916 542.04463 0.7132166 0.6853951 1
Total 89.131469 1 1.0000081
b. Kondisi Operasi Puncak Menara

Dew Point
T = 138.938 oC = 412.088 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Dew Point Puncak Menara
xi Pi ki yi
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P xi/ki Ki/KHK
C6H5NO2 0.0003496 8.206E-05 100.11671 0.1317325 0.0006229 0.5029424
C6H4NO2 6.419E-06 1.506E-06 1.118433 0.0014716 0.0010237 0.0056185
H2O 3.4041233 0.7988925 2630.6402 3.4613686 0.2308025 13.21518
C6H6 2.765E-05 6.489E-06 3460.2298 4.552934 1.425E-06 17.382674
C6H5NH2 0.8565459 0.2010174 199.06199 0.2619237 0.7674657 1
Total 4.2610529 1 6289.932 0.9999161
Bubble Point
T = 105.977 oC = 379.127 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Bubble Point Puncak Menara
xi Pi ki yi
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
C6H5NO2 0.0003496 8.206E-05 27.887723 0.0366944 3.011E-06 0.4774098
C6H4NO2 6.419E-06 1.506E-06 0.1438805 0.0001893 2.852E-10 0.0024631
H2O 3.4041233 0.7988925 937.02182 1.2329235 0.9849733 16.040871
C6H6 2.765E-05 6.489E-06 1583.1294 2.083065 1.352E-05 27.101584
C6H5NH2 0.8565459 0.2010174 58.414646 0.0768614 0.0154505 1
Total 4.2610529 0.9999164 2578.5659 1.0004403
c. Kondisi Operasi Bawah Menara

Bubble Point
Kondisi Operasi: P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 184.022 oC = 457.172 K
Trial Kondisi Operasi Bubble Point Bawah Menara

yi Pi ki yi
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P ki.xi Ki/KHK
H2O 0.0343851 0.0004051 8256.884 10.864321 0.0044017 10.903206
C6H6 0.0027375 3.225E-05 8204.1008 10.794869 0.0003482 10.833506
C6H5NO2 0.0346149 0.0004079 303.836 0.3997842 0.0001631 0.4012151
C6H4NO2 0.0006355 7.488E-06 10.518981 0.0138408 1.036E-07 0.0138903
C6H5NH2 84.798043 0.9991473 757.28955 0.9964336 0.9955839 1
Total 84.870416 1 17532.629 1.0004969
Dew Point
Kondisi Operasi: P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 184.178 oC = 457.328 K
Kondisi Operasi Dew Point Bawah Menara
yi Pi ki xi
Komponen (Kmol/jam)
Pi/P yi/ki Ki/KHK
H2O 0.0343851 0.0004051 8286.1263 10.902798 3.716E-05 10.897118
C6H6 0.0027375 3.225E-05 8225.9791 10.823657 2.98E-06 10.818019
C6H5NO2 0.0346149 0.0004079 396.7234 0.5220045 0.0007813 0.5217326
C6H4NO2 0.0006355 7.488E-06 10.591272 0.0139359 0.0005373 0.0139286
C6H5NH2 84.798043 0.9991473 760.39609 1.0005212 0.9986268 1
Total 84.870416 1 17679.816 0.9999856
*Condensor
*Penentuan Harga q
Karena umpan masuk pada keadaan titik didih nya (bubble point) i x id
maka harga q = 1
Rm 1
i
*Menentukan Kebutuhan Reflux Minimum

Dari persamaan Underwood 9.165 :
umpan masuk menara pada keadaan bubble point (titik didih) sehingga q=1
(cair jenuh)
(1-q) = ((F*XF)/(F-))
Komponen atas bawah rata-rata
C6H5NO2 0.4774098 0.4012151 0.4376574

C6H4NO2 0.0024631 0.0138903 0.0058492
H2O 16.040871 10.903206 13.22486
C6H6 27.101584 10.833506 17.134911
C6H5NH2 1 1 1
Total 44.622328 23.151817 31.803278
Trial
Hasil
2 -0.9156
8.98 0.000
Perhitungan Reflux minimum (Rmin)

Rmin +1 ((D*XD)/(D-))
= ((13,2221*0,7975)/(13,2221-8,454))+((17,4043*0,0007)/(17,4043-8,454))+
((1315,6591*0,0012)/(1315,6591-8,454))+((1*0,2007)/(1-8,454))
= 2.4676305056
R min = 2.4676305056 - 1
= 1.4676305056
Jadi nilai refluks minimum sebesar
Rm = 1.2 Rm - 1.5 Rm
diambil R operasi = 1.3 = 1.9079197
menghitung Lo dan V
Lo= R x D V = Lo + D
= 1.9079197 x 4.2610529 = 8.1297466 x 4.2610529
= 8.1297466 kmol/jam = 34.641281 kmol/jam
L' = Lo + F V' = V
= 8.1297466 + 89.131469 = 34.641281 kmol/jam
= 97.261216 kmol/jam
a. Komposisi Cairan Reflux, Lo

H2O = yid x Lo
= 0.79889 x 8.1297466 = 6.4947938 kmol/jam
= 116.90629 kg/jam
C6H5NH2 = yid x Lo
= 0.20102 x 8.1297466 = 1.6342207 kmol/jam
= 151.98253 kg/jam
C6H5NO2 = yid x Lo
= 8E-05 x 8.1297466 = 0.0006671 kmol/jam
= 0.0820528 kg/jam
C6H4N2O4 = yid x Lo
= 2E-06 x 8.1297466 = 1.225E-05 kmol/jam
= 0.0020575 kg/jam
C6H6 = yid x Lo
= 6E-06 x 8.1297466 = 5.276E-05 kmol/jam
= 0.004115 kg/jam
Jadi:
Lo= 268.97704 kg/jam
b. Komposisi Uap Masuk Kondensor,

H2O = yid x V
= 0.79889 x 34.641281 = 27.67466 kmol/jam
= 498.14388 kg/jam
C6H5NH2 = yid x V
= 0.20102 x 34.641281 = 6.9635011 kmol/jam
= 647.6056006114 kg/jam
C6H5NO2 = yid x V
= 8E-05 x 34.641281 = 0.0028425 kmol/jam
= 0.3496311 kg/jam
C6H4N2O4 = yid x V
= 2E-06 x 34.641281 = 5.218E-05 kmol/jam
= 0.0087671 kg/jam
C6H6 = yid x V
= 6E-06 x 34.641281 = 0.0002248 kmol/jam
= 0.0175342 kg/jam
Jadi:
V = 1146.125412692 kg/jam
c. Komposisi Cairan Masuk Reboiler, (Arus 19)
H2O = xib x L'
= 0.00041 x 97.261216 = 0.0394052 kmol/jam
= 0.7092935 kg/jam
C H
6 5
NO2 = xib x L'
= 0.00041 x 97.261216 = 0.0396686 kmol/jam
= 4.8792341 kg/jam
C6H4NO2 = xib x L'
= 7E-06 x 97.261216 = 0.0007283 kmol/jam
= 0.1223479 kg/jam
C6H6 = xib x L'

= 3E-05 x 97.261216 = 0.0031371 kmol/jam
= 0.2446958 kg/jam
C6H5NH2 = xib x L'

= 0.99915 x 97.261216 = 97.178277 kmol/jam
= 9037.579737099 kg/jam
Jadi:
L' = 9043.535308307 kg/jam
d. Komposisi Uap yang dikembalikan ke Menara, V'

H2O = xib x V'
= 0.00041 x 34.641281 = 0.0140348 kmol/jam
= 0.2526273 kg/jam
C6H5NO2 = xib x V'
= 0.00041 x 34.641281 = 0.0141287 kmol/jam
= 1.7378244204 kg/jam
C H
6 4
NO2 = xib x V'
= 7E-06 x 34.641281 = 0.0002594 kmol/jam
= 0.0435763 kg/jam
C6H6 = xib x V'

= 3E-05 x 34.641281 = 0.0011173 kmol/jam
= 0.0871527 kg/jam
C6H5NH2 = xib x V'

= 0.99915 x 34.641281 = 34.61174 kmol/jam
= 3218.8918526 kg/jam
Jadi:
V' = 3220.925880613 kg/jam
Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Kondensor
a. Panas Laten Penguapan (Hv)
=
H1 1 - Tr1
Tr2 = T2/TC (K)
Tr1 = T1/TC (K)
T2 = Suhu tertentu
= 138.938 oC = 412.088 K
H2O
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.088 562.16 0.38
H2 = 30.75 x
1 - 353.24 562.16
= 27.117283 kJ/kmol
C6H5NH2
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.088 972.15 0.38
H2 = 86.92 x
1 - 457.25 972.15
= 89.741769 kJ/kmol

C6H5NO2
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.088 719 0.38
H2 = 44.08 x
1 - 483.95 719
= 48.782691 kJ/kmol
C6H4N2O4
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.088 803 0.38
H2 = 61.56 x
H2 = 61.56 x
1 - 572 803
= 75.182354 kJ/kmol
C6H6
1 - Tr2 0.38
H2 = H1 x
1 - Tr1
1 - 412.088 647.4 0.38
H2 = 40.68 x
1 - 373.15 647.4
= 38.380418 kJ/kmol
Hv = 5.275619E-05 kmol/jamx 38.380418 kJ/kmol = 0.0020248046 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q2 = 1375.5230956 kJ/jam
b. Panas Sensibel Gas Masuk Kondensor, Q3

H2O
412.09
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
412.09
= 27.6747 T + 1.923E-3 T2 + 1.055E-5 T3 - 3.596E-9 dT
32.243 T4
298.15
0.00192 2 2
= 27.6747 32.243 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
2
1E-05 3 3 -4E-09 4 4
+ 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
3 4
= 107532.44969 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
412.09
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
412.09
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5

= 6.9635 -31.3860
298.15
0.57313 2 2
= 6.9635 -22.062 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
2
-0.0005 3 3 -2E-07 4 4
+ 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
3 4
-3E-11 5 5
+ 412.088 - 298.15
5
= 197152.91997 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
412.09
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
412.09
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5

= 0.00284 -31.3860
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 0.00284 -16.202 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 -1E-07 4 4
+ 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 412.088 - 298.15
5
= 77.059924235 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
412.09
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
412.09
= 5E-05 T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5
-31.3860
298.15
0.56182 2 2
= 5E-05 18.148 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
2
-0.0004 3 3 1E-07 4 4
+ 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
3 4
-1E-12 5 5
+ 412.088 - 298.15
5
= 1.0243805106 kJ/jam
C6H6
412.09
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
412.09
T + 0.4746 T2 - 3.11E-4 T3 + 8.524E-8 T4 - 5.0524E-12dTT5

= 0.00022 -31.3860
298.15
0.4746 2 2
= 0.00022 -31.386 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
2
-0.0003 3 3 9E-08 4 4
+ 412.088 - 298.15 + 412.088 - 298.15
3 4
-5E-12 5 5
+ 412.088 - 298.15
5
= 2.598833033 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q3 = 304766.0528018 kJ/jam
c. Panas Sensibel Cairan Reflux, Q4

H2O
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 6.49479
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
0.47212 2 2
= 6.49479 18.2964 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.0013 3 3 1E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 39801.847398 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
379.13
Q = n dT
Cp
298.15
379.13
= 1.63422 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
46.9480
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 1.63422 46.948 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.0024 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 26744.108627 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 0.00067
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
0.91277 2 2
= 0.00067 39.473 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 9.9730113758 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 1E-05
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
1.5624 2 2
= 1E-05 -12.635 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.003 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 0.2601014864 kJ/jam
C6H6
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 5E-05
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
0.4743 2 2
= 5E-05 -33.662 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.0036 3 3 4E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 2.9617430076 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q4 = 66559.1508806402 kJ/jam
d. Panas Sensibel Cairan Produk Distilat, Q5

H2O
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 21.1799
18.2964 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
298.15
0.47212 2 2
= 21.1799 18.2964 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.0013 3 3 1E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 129795.93062 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
379.13
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 5.32928
46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 5.32928 46.948 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.0024 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 87213.953488 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 0.00218
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
0.91277 2 2
= 0.00218 39.473 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 32.522517853 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 4E-05
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
1.5624 2 2
= 4E-05 -12.635 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.003 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 0.8482047112 kJ/jam
C6H6
379.13
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
379.13
= 0.00017
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
0.4743 2 2
= 0.00017 -33.662 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
2
-0.0036 3 3 4E-06 4 4
+ 379.127 - 298.15 + 379.127 - 298.15
3 4
= 9.6584006788 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q5 = 217052.9132289 kJ/jam
e. Panas yang dilepas oleh Pendingin Kondensor, Qc

Qc = Q2 + Q3 - Q4 + Q5
= 22529.511788 kJ/jam
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp 0.9987 kkal/kgoC
= 4.17866 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. T
Qc
mc =
Cp. T
22529.5117878315
= = 269.5781174172kg/jam
4.17866 ( 45 - 25 )
Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Reboiler

a. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk MD , Q1
Panas sensibel masuk MD 2 sama dengan panas sensibel cairan keluaran Heater.
Q1 = 2664976.9430349 kJ/jam
b. Panas Sensibel Cairan Produk Bawah, Q6

H2O
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 0.03439 T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
18.2964 dT
298.15
0.47212 2 2
= 0.03439 18.2964 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.0013 3 3 1E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 419.68572387 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
457.17
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 84.798
46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 84.798 46.948 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.0024 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 6566962.5765 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
457.171816
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.91277 2 2
= 0.03461 39.5 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 1056.0795 kJ/jam
C6H4NO2
457.171816
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.5624 2 2
= 0.00064 -13 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.003 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 27.672551 kJ/jam
C6H6
457.171816
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.4743 2 2
= 0.00274 -34 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.0036 3 3 4E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 384.28194 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q6 = 6568850.2963 kJ/jam
c. Panas yang dibutuhkan oleh Pemanas Reboiler, Qrb

Qrb = Q5 + Q6 + Qc - Q1
= 4143455.77825

saturated steam dengan suhu 300oC dengan tekanan 1 atm. Dari properties of saturated
Sehingga :
Qr = m.steam
Massa steam = Qr = 4143455.77825042 kJ/ja = 4553.2981442 kg/jam
steam 909.99 kJ/kg
Tabel Neraca Panas Menara Dis
(D-330)
Panas masuk Panas keluar (kJ/jam)
Komponen
(kJ/jam) Arus Arus
Q C6H5NO2 977.49498658 32.522517853 1056.0795209
Q C6H4N2O4104.51343721 0.8482047112 27.672550565
Q H2O 38587.763817 129795.93062 419.68572387
Q C6H6 344.89018007 9.6584006788 384.28194167
Q C6H5NH2 2624962.2806 87213.953488 6566962.5765
Q pendingin - 22529.511788 -
Q steam 4143455.7783 - -
239582.42502 6568850.2963
Total 6808432.7213
6808432.72128532
B.14 COOLER
25 C
o
Q1 Q2
184 C o
30 o
C
Qc 45 o
C
Neraca Energi
Q in = Q out
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
dimana:
1. Panas Sensibel Cairan Masuk, Q1

Panas sensibel yang masuk Cooler sama dengan panas sensibel cairan yang keluar MD
Q1 = 6568850.2963 kJ/jam

Komposisi arus 6:
H2O = 0.6192992 kg/jam = 0.0344055 kmol/jam
C6H6 = 0.2145067 kg/jam = 0.0027501 kmol/jam
H2O
457.17
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 0.03441
18.2964
298.15
T + 0.47212 T2 - 1.34E-3 T3 + 1.31E-6 T4
dT
0.47212 2 2
= 0.03441 18.2964 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.0013 3 3 1E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 1951.0775673 kJ/jam
C6H5NH2
457.17
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 84.8472
46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.9896 2 2
= 84.8472 46.948 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.0024 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 2838811.581 kJ/jam
C6H6
457.17
Q = n
Cp dT
298.15
457.17
= 0.00275
46.9480 T + 0.9896 T2 - 2.3583E-3 T3 + 2.3296E-6 T4 dT
298.15
0.4743 2 2
= 0.00275 -33.662 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.0036 3 3 4E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 386.05369457 kJ/jam
C6H5NO2
457.171816
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
0.91277 2 2
= 0.03463 39.5 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.0021 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 1056.6921 kJ/jam
C6H4N2O4
457.171816
Q = n Cp dT
298.15
1.5624 2 2
= 0.00064 -13 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
2
-0.003 3 3 2E-06 4 4
+ 457.172 - 298.15 + 457.172 - 298.15
3 4
= 115.9067 kJ/jam
Jadi:
Q2 = 2842321.311 kJ/jam

Qc = Q1 - Q2
= 6568850.2963 - 2842321.311 = 3726528.9852 kJ/jam
= 4.17866 kJ/kgoC
Q = m . Cp. T
Qc
mc =
Cp. T
3726528.98522229
= = 44589.988kg/jam
4.17866 ( 45 - 25 )
Tabel Neraca Panas Cooler(E-221)

1
Komponen
(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)
Q C6H5NO2 1056.0795209 1056.692069
Q C6H4N2O4 27.672550565 115.90669687
Q C6H5NH2 6566962.5765 2838811.581
Q C6H6 384.28194167 386.05369457
Q H2O 419.68572387 1951.0775673
Q pendingin - 3726528.9852
Total 6568850.2963 6568850.2963
Neraca Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
ArusArus
1 Arus
2 Arus
3 Arus
4 Arus
5 Arus
6 Arus
7 Arus
8Arus
9Arus
10Arus
11Arus
12Arus
13Arus
14Arus
15Arus
16Arus
17 18
C6H5NO 0 0 #################################
C6H4N2O 0 0 #################################
H2O 0 0 #################################
C6H6 0 0 #################################
H2 ###### 0 0 0 0 0 ############ 0 0
CH4 ###### 0 0 0 0 0 ############ 0 0
C6H5NH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ###############
Total #######################################
Neraca Massa (k
Komponen Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 3 Arus 4 Arus 5 Arus 6 Arus 7 Arus 8
C6H5NO2 0 0 ### ### ### 2687.9000 ### ###
C6H4N2O4 0 0 10.7840 10.7840 10.7840 2.6960 10.7840 10.7840
H2O 0 0 10.7840 10.7840 10.7840 2.6960 10.7840 10.7840
C6H6 0 0 10.7840 10.7840 10.7840 2.6960 10.7840 10.7840
H2 524.4683 524.4683 0 0 0 0 0 524.4683
CH4 0.0052 0.0052 0 0 0 0 0 0.0052
C6H5NH2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 524.4735 524.4735 10783.95 10783.952 10783.952 2695.9880 10783.952 11308.426
Neraca Massa (kg/jam)
Arus 9 Arus 10 Arus 11 Arus 12 Arus 13 Arus 14 Arus 15 Arus 16 Arus 17 Arus 18
215.0320 215.0320 215.0320 4.3006 210.7314 4.3006 0.0430 0.0430 4.2576
10.7840 10.7840 10.7840 0.1078 10.6761 0.1078 0.0011 0.0011 0.1068
3094.6576 3094.6576 3094.6576 61.8932 3032.7644 61.8932 61.2742 61.2742 0.6189
10.7840 10.7840 10.7840 0.2157 10.5683 0.2157 0.0022 0.0022 0.2135
10.4894 10.4894 10.4894 0 10 0 0 0 0
0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0 0.0052 0 0 0 0
7966.6735 7966.6735 7966.6735 7965.8768 0.7967 7965.8768 79.6588 79.6588 7886.218
11308.426 11308.426 11308.426 8032.3941 3265.5368 8032.3941 140.97923 140.9792 7891.4149
Arus 19

Neraca - Massa - Prarancangan - Pabrik - Anilin BKN Pnys Esmer

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LAMPIRAN A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Kapasitas Produksi = 62500 ton/tahun

Spesifikasi bahan baku = Nitrobenzen = 0.9970

Spesifikasi Produk = Anilin = 0.9900

Tabel Data Masing-masing Komponen

Basis = 100 kg/jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Separator

Perbandingan mol Nitrobezen terhadap H2 = 1:3

H2O = H2O yang masuk

C6H4NO2 = C6H4NO2 yang masuk

C6H6 = C6H6 yang masuk

H2 yang bereaksi = (3/1) x C6H5NO2 yang bereaksi

CH4 = CH4 yang masuk

Reaksi yang Reaksi

Mula-mula 0.6485 1.9454 - -

Neraca Massa Total Reaktor

A.3 Flash Tank

Komposisi Bahan yang Teruapkan

Gas Hidrogen (H2)

Gas Metana (CH4)

Komposisi Bahan Cair

(L/V) data = 2.4519

T trial = 139.53 C = 412.53 K Fi

Komponen Fi (kmol) Pi (mmHg) ki Ai

C6H5NO2 0.0130 101.6479 0.1337 18.3321

0.0007 0.0008 0.0098 0.0289

0.8219 1.0000 0.3377 1.0000

A.5 MENARA DISTILASI

Komponen Kg/Jam Kmol/Jam

C6H5NO2 0.0319 0.0003

Total 59.5878 0.6612

A. Massa Masuk Menara Distilasi pada Kondisi Bubble Point

C6H5NO2 0.0003 0.0004 267.6120 0.5177

Jadi bisa disimpulkan bahwa suhu pemasukan umpan sebesar 170,11 C

Menentukan Nilai xdi

2. C6H4NO2 = Massa Komponen 4.762E-08

3. H2O = Massa Komponen 0.0253

4. C6H6 = Massa Komponen 2.051E-07

6. C6H5NH2 = Massa Komponen 0.0064

Menentukan Nilai xbi

2. C6H4NO2 = Massa Komponen 4.714E-06

3. H2O = Massa Komponen 0.0003

4. C6H6 = Massa Komponen 2.0.E-05

5. C6H5NH2 = Massa Komponen 0.6290684

Pt = 1 atm = 760 mmHg

Massa yi= ki= xi= i =

Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T distilat adalah 182,7943C

D. Perhitungan Suhu Bawah (Bubble point)

Pt = 1 atm = 760 mmHg

Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa T bottom adalah 172,5794C 8207.0707071

Massa Masuk Massa Keluar

Faktor Pengali = 7891.4141

Kapasitas Produksi = 62500 ton/tahun

Spesifikasi bahan baku = Nitrobenzen = 0.9970

Spesifikasi Produk = Anilin = 0.9900

Tabel Data Masing-masing Komponen

Basis = 100 kg/jam

Tabel Neraca Massa Separator

Perbandingan mol Nitrobezen terhadap H2 = 1:3

H2O = H2O yang masuk

C6H4NO2 = C6H4NO2 yang masuk

C6H6 = C6H6 yang masuk