MAKALAH KEPERAWATAN SISTEM MUSKULOSKELETAL II

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PASIEN DENGAN

KELAINAN BENTUK TULANG BELAKANG
(LORDOSIS, KIFOSIS, DAN SKOLIOSIS)

Fasilitator:
Herdina M S.Kep.Ns,.M.Kep
Disusun oleh :
Kelompok 7 (Kelas A2)

1. Nuril Lailil Mursydah 1312111031002

2. Meviana Dwi Ariyani 1312111031008
3. Ayu Susilawati 1312111031010
4. Yohana Eka R 1312111031016
5. Nur Faizah 1312111031012
6. Haiva Dwi Puspa Nur Indra 1312111033008
7. Ayu Priyanti 1312111033010
8. Elfrida 1312111033018

PROGRAM STUDI S1 PENDIDIKAN NERS

FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA
2015
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberi
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah yang
berjudul Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien dengan gangguan system muskulo
skeletal kelainan bentuk tulang belakang : Lordosis, Kifosis, Skoliosis.
Adapun pembuatan makalah ini dilakukan sebagai pemenuhan nilai tugas
dari mata kuliah Keperawatan Muskuloskeletal II. Pada kesempatan ini penulis
menyampaikan rasa hormat dan ucapan terima kasih kepada:
1. Herdina M S.Kep.Ns,.M.Kep selaku fasilitator kelompok 7 kelas A-2
Keperawatan Muskoloskeletal, dan
2. Semua pihak yang telah membantu yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu-
persatu.
Penulis berharap makalah ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi
pembaca.Akan tetapi, penulis menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari
sempurna. Segala kritik, koreksi, dan saran yang bersifat membangun sangat
penulis harapkan demi perbaikan di masa mendatang. Terima kasih.

Surabaya, 27 Oktober 2014

Penulis
 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul...............................................................................................................i
Kata pengantar..............................................................................................................ii
Daftar isi......................................................................................................................iii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1...........................................................................................................Latar Belakang....
1
1.2......................................................................................................Rumusan Masalah....
2
1.3........................................................................................................Tujuan Penulisan....
2
1.4......................................................................................................Manfaat Penulisan....
3
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1. Anatomi Dan Fisiologi Sistem Muskuloskeletal....................................................4
2.2. Lordosis..................................................................................................................6
2.2.1. Definisi........................................................................................................6
2.2.2. Etiologi........................................................................................................7
2.2.3. Patofisiologi .............................................................................................10
2.2.4. WOC.........................................................................................................11
2.2.5. Manifestasi Klinis.....................................................................................11
2.2.6. Pemeriksaan Diagnostik............................................................................11
2.2.7. Penatalaksanaan........................................................................................12
2.2.8. Komplikasi................................................................................................15
2.2.9. Prognosis....................................................................................................15
2.2.10Asuhan Keperawatan.................................................................................16
2.3. Kifosis..................................................................................................................25
2.3.1. Definisi......................................................................................................25
2.3.2. Klasifikasi.................................................................................................26
2.3.3. Etiologi dan faktor resiko..........................................................................28
2.3.4. Patofisiologi..............................................................................................30
2.3.5 WOC.........................................................................................................31
2.3.6. Manifestasi klinis......................................................................................31
2.3.7. Penatalaksanaan........................................................................................32
2.3.8. Komplikasi................................................................................................43
2.3.9. Prognosis...................................................................................................44
2.3.10.Asuhan keperawatan.................................................................................44
2.4. Skoliosis...............................................................................................................47
2.4.1. Definisi......................................................................................................54
2.4.2. Klasifikasi.................................................................................................55
2.4.3. Etiologi......................................................................................................57
 2.4.4. Patofisiologi..............................................................................................58
2.4.5. Manifestasi Klinis.....................................................................................59
2.4.6. WOC.........................................................................................................60
2.4.7. Pemeriksaan Diagnostik............................................................................60
2.4.8. Penatalaksanaan........................................................................................63
2.4.9. Prognosis...................................................................................................67
2.4.10 Komplikasi................................................................................................68
2..4.11.Asuhan Keperawatan ..............................................................................68
BAB 3 ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN KASUS
3.1. Kasus ...........................................................................................................76
3.2. Pengkajian....................................................................................................76
3.3. Analisa Data.................................................................................................77
3.4. Diagnosa Keperawatan................................................................................79
3.5. Intervensi Keperawatan...............................................................................80
BAB 4 PENUTUP
4.1. Kesimpulan..................................................................................................84
4.2. Saran............................................................................................................84
Daftar Pustaka ..........................................................................................................85
LAMPIRAN 1 (WOC Lordosis)
LAMPIRAN 2 (WOC Kifosis)
LAMPIRAN 3 (WOC Skoliosis)
LAMPIRAN 4 (Latihan Peregangan)