perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.

id

KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

BARON TECHNOPARK SEBAGAI KAWASAN WISATA

EDUKASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN EKOLOGI ARSITEKTUR

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Untuk Mencapai

Gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S1)
Teknik Arsitektur
Universitas Sebelas Maret

oleh:

MARIA ULFIATUN ROHMAH

NIM. I 0210031

JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2015

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penyusun panjatkan kepada Tuhan YME, yang telah

mengaruniakan berkat-Nya sehingga penyusun mampu menyelesaikan konsep
Tugas Akhir yang berjudul BARON TECHNOPARK sebagai Kawasan Wisata
Edukasi dengan Pendekatan Ekologi Arsitektur dengan lancar.
Konsep ini disusun sebagai syarat untuk menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir
Arsitektur guna memperoleh gelar sarjana teknik.
Dalam kesempatan ini penyusun menyampaikan terima kasih yang
sebesar-besarnya kepada:
1. Amin Sumadyo, S.T.M.T. selaku Ketua Prodi Studi Arsitektur Fakultas
Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
2. Ir. Leny Pramesti, MT, selaku Pembimbing Akademis
3. Ir. Ana Hardiana, MT selaku koordinator Tugas Akhir Arsitektur
4. Ir. Musyawaroh, MT. selaku pembimbing I Tugas Akhir Arsitektur
5. Ummul Mustaqiemah, ST,MT. selaku pembimbing II Tugas Akhir Arsitektur
6. Orangtua yang selalu memberi dukungan baik moril maupun materiil
7. Semua pihak yang telah membantu penyusun menyelesaikan konsep Tugas
Akhir
Penyusun menyadari bahwa konsep ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna
karena adanya keterbatasan waktu. Untuk itu, kritik dan saran yang bersifat
membangun sangat penyusun harapkan. Semoga konsep Tugas Akhir ini
bermanfaat bagi kita semua.

Surakarta,

Penyusun

ii

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ i
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................. vii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Judul ................................................................................................. I-1
B. Esensi Judul ....................................................................................... I-1
C. Latar Belakang ................................................................................... I-2
D. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. I-6
1. Permasalahan ................................................................................ I-6
2. Persoalan ...................................................................................... I-7
E. Tujuan dan Sasaran ........................................................................... I-7
1. Tujuan ........................................................................................... I-7
2. Sasaran ......................................................................................... I-7
F. Batasan Pembahasan ......................................................................... I-7
G. Metode Perencanaan dan Perancangan ............................................. I-8
H. Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................... I-9

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

A. Tinjauan Technopark ......................................................................... II-1
1. Pengertian Technopark................................................................... II-1
2. Fungsi Technopark ......................................................................... II-2
3. Komponen Technopark .................................................................. II-3
4. Jenis Technopark............................................................................ II-5
B. Ekologi Arsitektur ............................................................................. II-7
1. Pengertian Ekologi Arsitektur ....................................................... II-7
2. Unsur-Unsur Arsitektur Ekologi.................................................... II-8
3. Karakter Arsitektur ekologi pada Bangunan ................................. II-9
C. Wisata Edukasi .................................................................................. II-15
1. Pengertian Wisata .......................................................................... II-15
2. Bentuk Wisata ............................................................................... II-15
3. Pengertian Wisata Edukasi ............................................................ II-16
4. Tinjauan Desain Rekreatif ............................................................ II-17
D. Preseden Bangunan ............................................................................ II-20
1. Hongkong Science Park................................................................. II-20
2. Navitas Park Engineering College & Science Park in Port of
Aarhus, Denmark ........................................................................... II-24
3. Park de la Villete ........................................................................... II-26
4. Nanyang Technological University, School of Art Media
and Design ..................................................................................... II-28

iii

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

BAB III TINJAUAN SITE LOKASI

A. Konteks Kewilayahan ........................................................................ III-1
1. Kabupaten Gunungkidul ................................................................ III-1
a. Kondisi Geografis .................................................................... III-1
b. Kondisi Topografi ................................................................... III-2
c. Kondisi Demografi .................................................................. III-4
2. Kecamatan Tanjungsari .................................................................. III-6
B. Daya Dukung Kawasan ..................................................................... III-7
1. Potensi Wisata ............................................................................... III-7
2. Sumber Energi alternatif ................................................................ III-8
C. Konsep Dasar Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Pantai Baron .......... III-11
1. Tujuan Pengembangan Pariwisata Pantai Baron ........................... III-11
2. Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Pantai Baron ............................. III-12
D. Baron Technopark ............................................................................. III-19
1. Pengertian Baron Technopark ....................................................... III-19
2. Fasilitas Baron Technopark ........................................................... III-19
3. Zoning Kawasan Baron Technopark ............................................. III-22

BAB IV ANALISA PENDEKATAN KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN

PERANGCANGAN
A. Evaluasi Purna Huni .......................................................................... IV-1
B. Analisa Pendekatan Konsep Perencanaan ......................................... IV-5
1. Pengertian Baron Technopark ....................................................... IV-5
2. Fungsi dan Tujuan ......................................................................... IV-5
3. Analisa Kegiatan ............................................................................ IV-5
a. Macam Kegiatan ....................................................................... IV-5
b. Pelaku Kegiatan ........................................................................ IV-6
4. Analisa Peruangan ......................................................................... IV-8
a. Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang......................................................... IV-8
b. Analisa Besaran Ruang ............................................................. IV-11
c. Analisa Hubungan Ruang ......................................................... IV-16
C. Analisa Pendekatan Konsep Perancangan ......................................... IV-21
1. Analisa Site .................................................................................... IV-21
a. Analisa Site Lokasi .................................................................... IV-21
b. Analisa Pencapaian Site ............................................................ IV-23
c Analisa View.............................................................................. IV-24
d. Analisa Penyinaran Matahari .................................................... IV-24
e. Analisa Pergerakan angin .......................................................... IV-25
f. Analisa Penzoningan ................................................................. IV-26
2. Analisa Massa ................................................................................ IV-28
3. Analisa Sirkulasi ............................................................................ IV-30
4. Analisa Lindscape .......................................................................... IV-32
5. Analisa Warna ................................................................................ IV-34
6. Analisa Tekstur .............................................................................. IV-35

iv

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

7. Analisa Struktur ............................................................................. IV-36

a. Struktur Pondasi ........................................................................ IV-36
b. Struktur Utama Bangunan......................................................... IV-37
8. Analisa Utilitas .............................................................................. IV-38
a. Analisa Jaringan Listrik ............................................................ IV-38
b. Analisa Air Bersih..................................................................... IV-38
c. Analisa Air Kotor ...................................................................... IV-39
d. Analisa Sistem Komunikasi dan Sound System ........................ IV-39
e. Analisa Penangkal Petir ............................................................ IV-40
f. Analisa Sistem Perlindungan Kebakaran .................................. IV-41
g. Analisa Sistem Keamanan ........................................................ IV-41
h. Analisa Sistem Jaringan Sampah .............................................. IV-41
i. Analisa Sistem Sirkulasi Vertikal .............................................. IV-42

BAB V KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN

A. Konsep Peruangan ............................................................................. V-1
1. Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................. V-1
2. Konsep Besaran Ruang .................................................................. V-3
3. Konsep Hubungan Ruang .............................................................. V-6
B. Konsep Lokasi Site ............................................................................ V-7
1. Site Terpilih ................................................................................... V-7
2. Konsep Pencapaian Site ................................................................. V-8
3 Konsep View Site ........................................................................... V-9
4. Konsep Penyinaran Matahari ......................................................... V-10
5. konsep Pergerakan Angin .............................................................. V-11
6. Konsep Penzoningan ..................................................................... V-12
C. Konsep Massa .................................................................................... V-14
D. Konsep Sirkulasi ................................................................................ V-19
E. Konsep Landscape ............................................................................. V-25
F. Konsep Warna ................................................................................... V-25
G. Konsep Material/Tekstur ................................................................... V-29
H. Konsep Struktur ................................................................................. V-30
1. Struktur Pondasi ............................................................................ V-30
2. Struktur Utama Bangunan ............................................................. V-30
I. Konsep Utilitas .................................................................................. V-31
1. Jaringan Listrik .............................................................................. V-31
2. Air Bersih....................................................................................... V-32
3. Air Kotor........................................................................................ V-33
4. Sistem Komunikasi dan Sound Sistem .......................................... V-33
5. Penangkal Petir .............................................................................. V-34
6. Perlindungan Kebakaran ................................................................ V-34
7. Sistem Keamanan .......................................................................... V-35
8. Sistem Jaringan Sampah ................................................................ V-35
9. Sistem Sirkulasi Vertikal ............................................................... V-36
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel I.1. Kelas Energi Gelombang ......................................................... I-4
Tabel II.1. Bahan Material Ekologis ......................................................... II-13
Tabel II.2. Pola Penataan Massa ............................................................... II-14
Tabel II.3. Pola Sirkulasi........................................................................... II-15
Tabel III.1. Jumlah pencari kerja pendaftar baru menurut bulan dan tingkat
pendidikan di Kabupaten Gunungkidul tahun 2013 ................. III-4
Tabel III.2. Lembaga Pendidikan ................................................................ III-5
Tabel III.3. Nama kecamatan dan Jumlah pendukuhan, RW, dan RT di Kabupaten
Gunungkidul ............................................................................. III-6
Tabel III.4. Potensi Biogas dari Kotorn Hewan di Provinsi DIY ............... III-9
Tabel III.5. Pemanfatan PLTS di Provinsi DIY .......................................... III-9
Tabel III.6. Potensi Biomasa di Provinsi DIY ............................................ III-10
Tabel III.7. Potensi BBN di Provinsi DIY .................................................. III-10
Tabel III.8. Pengukuran potensi pantai Gunungkidul ................................. III-10
Tabel III.9. Potensi Biomasa di Provinsi DIY ............................................ III-10
Tabel III.10. Potensi Biomasa di Provinsi DIY .......................................... III-10
Tabel III.11.Potensi Biomasa di Provinsi DIY ........................................... III-10
Tabel IV.1. Evaluasi Purna Huni ................................................................ IV-1
Tabel IV.2. Jumlah Pengunjung yang Melalui Pos Baron Kabupaten
Gunungkidul ............................................................................. IV-7
Tabel IV.3. Kebutuhan Ruang .................................................................... IV-9
Tabel IV.4 Perhitungan kebutuhan ruang parkir ......................................... IV-12
Tabel IV.5. Kebutuhan Ruang Zona Kontemplatif-Rekreatif ..................... IV-13
Tabel IV.6. Kebutuhan Ruang Zona Informatif-Rekreatif.......................... IV-13
Tabel IV.7. Kebutuhan Ruang Zona Edukatif-Rekreatif ............................ IV-14
Tabel IV.8. Kebutuhan Ruang Zona Kontemplatif-Edukatif ...................... IV-14
Tabel IV.9. Kebutuhan Ruang Zona Pengelola .......................................... IV-15
Tabel IV.10. Kebutuhan Ruang Baron Technopark ................................... IV-16
Tabel IV.11. Jenis Sistem Parkir ................................................................. IV-32

vi

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

Tabel IV.12. Macam Warna ........................................................................ IV-34

Tabel IV.13 Sifat Warna Cat Permukan terhadap Penyinaran Matahari .... IV-35
Tabel IV.14 Sifat Material Bahan ............................................................... IV-35
Tabel IV.15 Sifat Bahan Permukan terhadap Penyinaran Matahari ........... IV-36
Tabel V.1. Konsep Kebutuhan Ruang......................................................... V-1
Tabel V.2. Perhitungan Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................. V-3
Tabel V.3 Kebutuhan Ruang Baron Technopark ........................................ V-5
Tabel V.4 Warna Cat Permukan terhadap Penyinaran Matahari ................ V-27
Tabel V.5 Pemilihan Warna pada Baron Technopark ................................ V-28
Tabel V.6 Hasil Evaluasi Purna Huni ......................................................... V-38

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar I.1. Lokasi kawasan perencanaan Baron Technopark ................... I-3
Gambar I.2. Gedung pengembangan energi biofuel Baron Technopark. ... I-4
Gambar I.3. Bagan sasaran energi primer nasional 2025............................ I-5
Gambar I.4 Grafik potensi pertumbuhan wisatawan kawasan Baron (tahun
2011-2020).... ........................................................................... I-5
Gambar II.1. MIT technology venture zone terdiri dari tech-business parks
dan industry academic links ..................................................... II-5
Gambar II.2. Lokasi Technology Park of Andaluca. ................................. II-6
Gambar II.3. Lokasi Technopole Sophia Antipolis .................................... II-6
Gambar II.4. Prinsip-Prinsip Ekologi.......................................................... II-8
Gambar II.5. Konsep Ekologi Aarsitektur secara Holistis. ......................... II-10
Gambar II.6. Pengolahan Sumber Energi Alternatif ................................... II-10
Gambar II.7. Beberapa Sumber Cahaya Alami. .......................................... II-14
Gambar II.8. Pengaplikasian Shading pada Kiefer Technic Showroom ..... II-14
Gambar II.9. Pergerakan Angin dalam Sebuah Ruang ............................... II-15
Gambar II.10. View Alami dan View Buatan ............................................. II-18
Gambar II.11. Hongkong Science Park....................................................... II-20
Gambar II.12. Lokasi Hongkong Science Park. .......................................... II-21

vii

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

Gambar II.13. Siteplan Hongkong Science Park. ....................................... II-22

Gambar II.14. Building Integrated Photovoltaic System. ........................... II-23
Gambar II.15. Pemanfaatan matahari sebagai pencahayaan alami di dalam
ruangan pada bangunan green 18 . ...................................... II-23
Gambar II.16. Vertical Greening at Vision City Vertical. .......................... II-23
Gambar II.17. Navitas Park karya C. F. Moller Architects......................... II-25
Gambar II.18. Pemanfaatan energi matahari pada bangunan. .................... II-25
Gambar II.19. Pengolahan Atap Bangunan................................................. II-25
Gambar II.20. Potongan Bangunan. ............................................................ II-26
Gambar II.21. Park de la Villete karya Bernard Tschumi, Paris................. II-27
Gambar II.22.Tata Massa Bangunan Park de la Villete. ............................ II-28
Gambar II.23. Massa Bangunan Park de la Villete. .................................... II-28
Gambar II.24. Siteplan Nanyang Technological University, School of Art
Media and Design ................................................................. II-29
Gambar II.25. Nanyang Technological University, School of Art Media
and Design. ........................................................................... II-29
Gambar II.26. Roofgarden .......................................................................... II-29
Gambar II.27. Taman dalam Nanyang Technological University, School
of Art Media and Design. ..................................................... II-30
Gambar II.28. Perletakkan Massa. .............................................................. II-31
Gambar II.29. Penggunaan Material Beton................................................. II-31
Gambar III.1. Batas wilayah Kabupaten Gunungkidul. .............................. III-1
Gambar III.2. Kecamatan di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. .............................. III-2
Gambar III.3. Peta lokasi Kecamatan Tanjungsari. .................................... III-6
Gambar III.4. Peta wisata Kabupaten Gunungkidul. .................................. III-9
Gambar III.5. Peta potensi energi gelombang pada pantai selatan
Gunungkidul. ....................................................................... III-11
Gambar III.6. Diagram Tujuan Pengembangan Pariwisata Kawasan Pantai
Baron. .................................................................................. III-11
Gambar III.7. Diagram Pengembangan Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat. . III-12

viii

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

Gambar III.8. Diagram Identifikasi Pengembangan Pariwisata Pantai

Baron. .................................................................................. III-12
Gambar III.9. Cave Tubing Goa Pindul Gunungkidul. .............................. III-13
Gambar III.10. Kegiatan snorkling. ............................................................ III-13
Gambar III.11. Special Interest Tourism, berperahu di kawasan Pantai
Baron Gunungkidul ............................................................. III-14
Gambar III.12. Sedekah laut di Pantai Baron Gunungkidul. ...................... III-14
Gambar III.13. Kawasan lokasi Pantai Baron. ............................................ III-15
Gambar III.14. Technopole Sophia Antipolis, Perancis. ............................ III-15
Gambar III.15. Energi Tenaga Angin. ........................................................ III-20
Gambar III.16. Turbin Angin pada Kawasan Baron Technopark. .............. III-20
Gambar III.17. Photovoltaic. ....................................................................... III-21
Gambar III.18. Oscillating Water Colum Baron Technopark. .................... III-21
Gambar III.19. Tanaman Jarak.................................................................... III-22
Gambar III.20. Zona Kontemplatif-Rekreatif. ............................................ III-23
Gambar III.21. Bangunan Visitor Center dan Ruang Penyimpanan
Baterai. ............................................................................... III-23
Gambar III.22. Area windturbin, pvc dan biofuel. ...................................... III-23
Gambar IV.1. Bagan Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang ........................................ IV-8
Gambar IV.2. Bagan Organisasi Ruang Makro. ......................................... IV-17
Gambar IV.3. Pola Organisasi Ruang Makro pada Site.............................. IV-17
Gambar IV.4. Bagan Hubungan Organisasi Ruang Lantai 1.... .................. IV-18
Gambar IV.5. Bagan Hubungan Organisasi Ruang Lantai 2.... .................. IV-19
Gambar IV.6. Bagan Hubungan Organisasi Ruang Lantai 3.... .................. IV-20
Gambar IV.7. Peta Potensi Gelombang Pantai Selatan Kabupaten
Gunungkidul.... .................................................................... IV-21
Gambar IV.8. Kondisi tapak Baron Technopark.... .................................... IV-22
Gambar IV.9. Site Baron Technopark.... .................................................... IV-22
Gambar IV.10. Analisa Pencapaian Site.... ................................................. IV-23
Gambar IV.11. Analisa View Site.... .......................................................... IV-24

ix

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

Gambar IV.12. Analisa Penyinaran Matahari.... ......................................... IV-25

Gambar IV.13. Analisa Pergerakan Angin.... ............................................. IV-26
Gambar IV.14. Bagan Organisasi ruang makro.... ...................................... IV-26
Gambar IV.15. Analisa penzoningan.... ...................................................... IV-27
Gambar IV.16. Analisa penzoningan tiap lantai.... ..................................... IV-27
Gambar IV.17. Analisa Bentuk Massa.... .................................................... IV-28
Gambar IV.18. Penambahan dan pengurangan massa..... ........................... IV-29
Gambar IV.19. Perbedaan Proporsi Massa.... ............................................. IV-29
Gambar IV.20. Perbedaan Orientasi Massa.... ............................................ IV-29
Gambar IV.21 Pengulangan Massa.... ......................................................... IV-29
Gambar IV.22. Pola Cluster.... .................................................................... IV-30
Gambar IV.23. Analisa Sirkulasi Kendaraan.... .......................................... IV-31
Gambar IV.24. Pola Pattern Landscape.... .................................................. IV-33
Gambar IV.25. Pemanfaatan Tanaman.... ................................................... IV-33
Gambar IV.26. Deret Warna ....................................................................... IV-34
Gambar IV.27. Pondasi Menerus dan Pondasi sumuran ............................. IV-37
Gambar IV.28. Struktur Rangka ................................................................. IV-38
Gambar IV.29. Bagan Analisa jaringan listrik ............................................ IV-38
Gambar IV.30. Bagan Analisa air bersih .................................................... IV-39
Gambar IV.31. Bagan Analisa Air Kotor.................................................... IV-39
Gambar IV.32. Penangkal Petir Elektrostatis ............................................. IV-40
Gambar IV.33. Bagan Sistem Carry Out .................................................... IV-42
Gambar V.1. Bagan Organisasi Ruang Makro............................................ V-6
Gambar V.2. Bagan Organisasi Ruang Keseluruhan. ................................. V-6
Gambar V.3. Kondisi tapak Baron Technopark.......................................... V-7
Gambar V.4. Tapak Baron Technopark.... .................................................. V-8
Gambar V.5. Konsep Pencapaian Site......................................................... V-9
Gambar V.6. Konsep View Site.... .............................................................. V-10
Gambar V.7. Konsep Penyinaran Matahari.... ............................................ V-11
Gambar V.8. Konsep Pergerakan Angin.... ................................................. V-12

commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id

Gambar V.9. Bagan Organisasi ruang makro.... ......................................... V-12

Gambar V.10. Penzoningan Site.... ............................................................. V-13
Gambar V.11. Konsep Penzoningan Tiap Lantai.... ................................... V-14
Gambar V.12. Pola Pengolahan Massa.... ................................................... V-15
Gambar V.13. Potongan Massa Bangunan.... ............................................. V-21
Gambar V.14. Pola Penataan Massa Cluster pada Site.... ........................... V-22
Gambar V.15. Pola Sirkulasi Kendaraan.... ................................................ V-23
Gambar V.16. Sirkulasi pada Site... ............................................................ V-24
Gambar V.17. Pengolahan skywalks pada Site... ........................................ V-24
Gambar V.18. Pengolahan Sirkulasi Sepeda Listrik pada Site.... ............... V-25
Gambar V.19. Konsep Penataan Landscape..... .......................................... V-25
Gambar V.20. Tanaman Untuk Daerah Pantai............................................ V-26
Gambar V.21. Pengolahan Pola Pattern pada Landscape.... ....................... V-26
Gambar V.22. Deret Warna.... .................................................................... V-27
Gambar V.23. Pengolahan Interior Bangunan R&D... ............................... V-28
Gambar V.24. Dari Kiri ke Kanan: Kayu, Batu Alam, Batu dan Kapur... .. V-27
Gambar V.25. Pondasi Menerus dan Pondasi sumuran .... ......................... V-30
Gambar V.26. Struktur Rangka.... ............................................................... V-30
Gambar V.27. Struktur Atap Roof Garden.... ............................................. V-31
Gambar V.28. Bagan Jaringan Listrik Baron Technopark.... ..................... V-31
Gambar V.29. Perletakan Pengolahan Sumber Energi di Baron Technopark.... V-32
Gambar V.30. Bagan Jaringan Air Bersih Baron Technopark.... ............... V-33
Gambar V.31. Bagan Jaringan Air Kotor Baron Technopark.... ................ V-33
Gambar V.32. Penangkal Petir Baron Technopark..................................... V-34
Gambar V.33. Sistem Perlindungan Kebakaran.... ..................................... V-35
Gambar V.34. CCTV dan ruang monitor .................................................... V-35
Gambar V.35. Bagan Jaringan Sampah Baron Technopark ....................... V-36
Gambar V.36. Tangga ................................................................................. V-36
Gambar V.37.Ram ...................................................................................... V-37
Gambar V.38. Lift Barang .......................................................................... V-37

xi

commit to user