SAINS

QUESTION 11 (CONCEPT)
EXAMPLE :
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan beberapa ciri yang dibentuk oleh sebuah alat optik.
The figure below shows several characteristics formed by an optical apparatus.

Kaji ciri ciri imej yang dibentuk. Bina konsep berdasarkan maklumat dalam rajah di atas.
Study the characteristics of the image formed. Build concept based on the information in the figure
above.
SAMPLE OF THE ANSWER:
Maklumat (Information) :
Ciri ciri imej yang dibentuk oleh cermin adalah terbalik songsang, maya dan menegak.
Characteristics of image formed by a mirror are laterally inverted, virtual and upright.
Dua ciri (Two characteristics)
a) Sinar terhasil daripada objek dipantulkan semula
The incident rays from the object reflected back
b) sudut sinar yang terhasil sama seperti sudut pantulan
The angle of incidence, i is same as the angle of reflection, r.
Konsep awal (Initial concept)
Sinar terhasil daripada objek dipantulkan semula dan sudut sinar yang terhasil sama seperti sudut
pantulan adalah ciri ciri yang terbentuk oleh cermin.

The incident rays from the object reflected back and the angle of incidence, i is same as the angle of
reflection, r are characteristics of image formed by a mirror.

Contoh (Example)
Saiz imej sama seperti objek.
The size of the image is the same as the object

Bukan contoh (Non-example)

Nyata
Real
Konsep sebenar (Actual concept)
Ciri ciri yang terbentuk oleh cermin adalah sinar terhasil daripada objek dipantulkan semula dan
sudut sinar yang terhasil sama seperti sudut pantulan.
Characteristics of image formed by a mirror are the incident rays from the object reflected back and
the angle of incidence, i is same as the angle of reflection, r
QUESTION 12 (PROBLEM SOLVING)

Rajah di atas menujukkan kebun En. Johnny. Dia menanam sayur sayuran, membela ikan air tawar
dan ayam untuk dijual. Dia menggunakan baja kimia dan pestisid untuk mengekalkan dan
meningkatkan hasil sayur sayurannya. Pada suatu ketika, dia mendapati bahawa permukaan kolam
ditutupi dengan satu lapisan bahan hijau dan ikan telah mati.
Jelaskan bagaimana En Johnny mengatasi masalah dalam kolamnya.

The figure above shows Mr. Johnny's farm. He plants leafy vegetables, rear fresh water fish and
poultry for sale. He uses chemical fertilizers and pesticides to maintain and increase the yield of his
vegetables.
After some time, he finds that the surface of the pond is covered with a layer of green substance and
the fish has died.
Explain how Mr. Johnny overcomes the problems in his pond.

SAMPLE OF THE ANSWER:

Mengenalpasti masalah (Identify the problem)
Permukaan kolam ditutupi dengan satu lapisan bahan hijau dan ikan telah mati.
The surface of the pond is covered with a layer of green substance and the fish has died.

Penjelasan masalah (Clarifying the problem)

Pertumbuhan alga di atas permukaan air dan baja berlebihan dan bahan buangan daripada ayam
mengandungi sebatian nitrat dan fosfat dimana menggalakkan pertumbuhan alga. Pestisid daripada
kebun sayur mengandungi DDT dimana adalah berbahaya kepada organism hidup.
Alga grows on the water surface and the excessive fertilizer and waste from the poultry contain
nitrate and phosphate compounds which encourage the growth of alga. Pesticides from the vegetable
farm contain DDT which is harmful to living organisms.

3 cara (methods)
1)Tukar bahan buangan daripada ayam kepada baja kompos.
Convert the poultry waste into compost fertilizer.
2)Guna baja kompos berbanding baja kimia.
Use compost fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer.
3)Guna kaedah kawalan perosak semulajadi berbanding pestisid.
Use biological pest control methods instead of pesticides.

The best method

Guna baja kompos berbanding baja kimia kerana tidak mencemarkan persekitaran.
Use compost fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer because not pollute the environment.
1) Rajah (i) dan (ii) di bawah menunjukkan aktiviti aktiviti yang berlaku di sekeliling kita menyebabkan
pemanasan global.
The figures (i) and (ii) below show activities which happened in our surroundings that caused global warming.

Kaji aktiviti aktiviti di atas. Jelaskan bagaimana anda boleh membina konsep pemanasan global.
Study the above activities. Explain how you would be able to construct the concept of global warming.
[6 markah/marks]

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2)

Rajah di atas menunjukkan dua buku roti A dan B yang masing masing dibuat oleh dua orang pelajar.
Jelaskan bagaimana pelajar B boleh membuat roti seperti pelajar A.
The figure above shows two loaves of bread A and B made by two students A and B respectively.
Describes how student B can bake bread like student A. [6 markah/marks]

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