LAMPIRAN

A. Perhitungan
Pembentukan endapan PbCl2 :

Diketahui : M Pb(NO3)2 = 0,2 M

M NaCl = 0,5 M

Ksp PbCl2 = 2,4 x 10-4 pada suhu 25 C

(Vogel, 1990 : 75)

Ditanya : Qc PbCl2 = . . .?

Jawab :

Larutan Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M mengandung 0,2 M ion Pb2+ dan 0,4 M ion NO3-.
Reaksinya:
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) Pb2+ (aq) + 2 NO3- (aq)
0,2 M 0,2 M 0,4 M

Larutan NaCl 0,5 M mengandung 0,5 M ion Na+ dan 0,5 M ion Cl.
Reaksinya :
NaCl (aq) Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

0,5 M 0,5 M 0,5 M

Persamaan reksi :
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 NaCl (aq) PbCl2 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq)

PbCl 2 (s) Pb 2+(aq) + 2 Cl (aq)

Konsentrasi ion Pb2+ dalam campuran adalah 0,2 M dan konsentrasi ion Cl-dalam
campuran adalah 0,5 M.

Qc = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2

= [0,2 M].[0,5 M]2

= 0,05 M3
 Qc > Ksp PbCl2

0,05 M3 > 2,4.10-4

Karena Qc > Ksp maka pada pencampuran terbentuk endapan PbCl2.

Kelarutan PbCl2

PbCl2 (s) Pb 2+(aq) + 2 Cl(aq)

s s 2s

Ksp PbCl2 = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2

= [s]. [2s2]

= 4s3

s=

3 Ksp
4
=mol /L

Konsentrasi ion

[ Pb 2+
]=
[ Pb ( NO 3 ) 2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2
V campuran

[ Cl]= [ NaCl ]V NaCl

V campuran

Kalor pelarutan PbCl2 dengan menggunakan sifat ketergantungan Ksp pada

suhu:
H=ln Ksp. (RT )
R= 8,314 J.K-1mol-1

1. Penambahan NaCl 0,5 M pada 10 mL Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M

a. Penambahan 1 mL NaCl 0,5 M
T(K) = 25C + 273 = 298 K
Vcampuran = 11 mL
 [ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M10 mL =0, 182 M
V campuran 11 mL

[ Cl ]= [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M1 mL

= =0, 045 M
V campuran 11 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,182 M].[0,045 M]2 = 3,6855 x 10-4 M3

3,6855 x 10 -4
3
M3
s=

3 Ksp
4
=
4
=0, 045 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 3,6855 x 10-4. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(298 K)

= (7,906 x 2.477,572) J/mol

= 19,588 kJ/mol

b. Penambahan 1,5 mL NaCl 0,5 M

T(K) = 25C + 273 = 298 K

Vcampuran = 11,5mL

[ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M10 mL =0, 174 M
V campuran 11 ,5 mL

[ Cl ] = [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M1,5 mL

= =0, 065 M
V campuran 11 ,5 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,174 M].[0,065 M]2 = 7,3515 x 10-4 M3

7,3515 x 10 -4
3
M3
s=

3 Ksp
4
=
4
=0, 0568 M 0, 057 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 7,3515 x 10-4. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(298 K)

= 7,215 x 2.477,572 J/mol

 = 17,876 kJ/mol

c. Penambahan 2 mL NaCl 0,5M

T(K) = 25C + 273 = 298 K

Vcampuran = 12 mL

[ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M10 mL =0, 167 M
V campuran 12 mL

[ Cl ] = [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M2 mL

= =0, 083 M
V campuran 12 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,167 M].[0,083 M]2 = 1,1504 x 10-3 M3

1,1504 x 10 -3
3
M3
s= 3
Ksp
4
=
4
=0, 066 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 1,1504 x 10-3. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(298 K)

= 6,767 x 2.477,572 J/mol

= 16,765 kJ/mol

d. Penambahan 2,5 mL NaCl 0,5M

T(K) = 55C + 273 = 328 K

Vcampuran = 12,5 mL

[ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M10 mL =0, 16 M
V campuran 12 , 5 mL

[ Cl ] = [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M2,5 mL

= =0,1 M
V campuran 12 , 5 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,16 M].[0,1 M]2 = 1,6 x 10-3 M3


1,6 x 10 -3
3 3
M
s=
Ksp
4
3
=
4
=0, 07368 M 0, 0737 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 1,6 x 10-3. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(328K)

= 6,437 x 2.726,992 J/mol

= 17,554 kJ/mol

e. Penambahan 3 mL NaCl 0,5M

T(K) = 66C + 273 = 339 K

Vcampuran = 13 mL

[ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M10 mL =0, 154 M
V campuran 13 mL

[ Cl ] = [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M3 mL

= =0, 115 M
V campuran 13 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,154 M].[0,115 M]2 = 2,0366 x 10-3 M3

2,0366 x 10-3
3
M3
s=

3 Ksp
4
=
4
=0, 079 M 0, 08 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 2,0366 x 10-3. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(339 K)

= 6,196 x 2.818,446 J/mol

= 17,463 kJ/mol

2. Penambahan Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M pada 10 mL NaCl 0,5 M

a. Penambahan 1mL Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M
T(K) = 60C + 273 = 333 K

Vcampuran = 11 mL
 [ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M1 mL =0, 0182 M
V campuran 11 mL

[ Cl ]= [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M10 mL

= =0, 454 M
V campuran 11 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,0182 M].[0,454 M]2 = 0,00375M3

s=

Ksp 3 0,00375 M 3
3
4
=
4
=0, 0978 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 0,00375. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(333 K)

= 5,586 x 2.768,562 J/mol

= 15, 465 kJ/mol

b. Penambahan 1,5 mL Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M

T(K) = 73C + 273 = 346 K

Vcampuran = 11,5 mL

[ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M1,5 mL =0, 026 M
V campuran 11 ,5 mL

[ Cl ]= [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M10 mL

= =0, 435 M
V campuran 11 ,5 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,026 M].[0,435 M]2 = 0,004914 M3

s= 3
Ksp 3 0,004914 M 3
4
=
4
=0, 1071 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 0,004914. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(346 K)

= 5,315 x 2.876,644 J/mol

 = 15,289 kJ/mol

c. Penambahan 2 mL Pb(NO3)2 0,2M

T(K) = 98C + 273 = 349 K

Vcampuran = 12 mL

[ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M2 mL =0, 033 M
V campuran 12 mL

[ Cl ] = [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M10 mL

= =0, 4167 M
V campuran 12 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,033 M].[0,4167 M]2 = 0,005728 M3

s=

3 Ksp 3 0,005728 M 3
4
=
4
=0, 113 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 0,005728. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(349 K)

= 5,162 x 2.901,586 J/mol

= 14,978 kJ/mol

d. Penambahan 2,5 mL Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M

T(K) = 78C + 273 = 351 K

Vcampuran = 12,5 mL

[ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M2,5 mL =0, 04 M
V campuran 12 , 5 mL

[ Cl ] = [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M10 mL

= =0,4 M
V campuran 12 , 5 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,04 M].[0,4 M]2 = 0,0064 M3

 s=
4
Ksp 3 0,0064 M 3
3
=
4
=0, 12 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 0,0064. (8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(351 K)

= 5,05 x 2.918,214 J/mol

= 14,737 kJ/mol

e. Penambahan 3 mL Pb(NO3)2 0,2 M

T(K) = 80C + 273 = 353 K

Vcampuran = 13 mL

[ Pb2+ ] =
[ Pb ( NO 3 )2 ]V Pb ( NO 3 )2 = 0,2 M3 mL =0, 046 M
V campuran 13 mL

[ Cl ] = [ NaCl ]V NaCl 0,5 M10 mL

= =0, 384 M
V campuran 13 mL

Ksp = [Pb2+].[Cl-]2 = [0,046 M].[0,384 M]2 = 6,762 x 10-3 M3

s= 3
Ksp 3 6,762 x 10-3 M 3
4
=
4
=0, 119 M

H = -ln Ksp.(RT)

= -ln 6,762 x 10-3 .(8,314 J.K-1mol-1).(353K)

= 4,996 x 2.934,842 J/mol

= 14,663 kJ/mol
 A. Hubungan Ksp, Suhu, dan H pada saat volume NaCl berubah
A. Tabel

Penambahan T saat endapan

No.
Ksp (M3) s (M) H (kJ/mol)
NaCl (mL) larut ( C)
1. 1 mL 25 3,6855 x 10-4 0,045 19,588
2. 1,5 mL 25 7,3515x10-4 0,057 17,876
3. 2 mL 25 1,1504 x 10-3 0,066 16,765
4. 2,5 mL 55 1,6 x 10-3 0,0737 17,554
5. 3 mL 66 2,0366 x 10-3 0,08 17,463

B. Grafik Ksp terhadap H

20
19.5
19
18.5
18
17.5
H

17
16.5
16
15.5
15
3,6855 x 10-4 7,3515x10-4 1,1504 x 10-3 1,6 x 10-3 2,0366 x 10-3
Ksp
C. Grafik Ksp terhadap Suhu

70

60

50

40
T

30

20

10

0
3,6855 x 10-4 7,3515x10-4 1,1504 x 10-3 1,6 x 10-3 2,0366 x 10-3
Ksp

Hubungan Ksp, Suhu, dan H pada saat volume Pb(NO3)2 berubah

A. Tabel

Penambahan T saat endapan

No.
Ksp (M3) s (M) H (kJ/mol)
Pb(NO3)2 (mL) larut ( C)
1. 1 mL 60 3,750 x10-3 0,0978 15,465
2. 1,5 mL 73 4,914 x10-3 0,1071 15,289
3. 2 mL 76 5,728 x10-3 0,113 14,978
4. 2,5 mL 78 6,4 x 10-3 0,12 14,737
5. 3 mL 80 6,762 x 10-3 0,119 14,663
B. Grafik Ksp terhadap H
15.6

15.4

15.2

15
H

14.8

14.6

14.4

14.2
0,00375 4,914 x10-3 5,728 x10-3 6,4 x 10-3 6,762 x 10-3
Ksp

90

80

70

60

50
T

40

30

20

10

0
3,750 x10-3 4,914 x10-3 5,728 x10-3 6,4 x 10-3 6,762 x 10-3
Ksp
C.
Grafik Ksp terhadap Suhu