MALARIA

how is malaria caused ?

2. Penyebab (Agent)
Agent penyebab malaria adalah genus Plasmodium, Famili Plasmodiidae, dari ordo
Coccidiidae. Ada 4 macam plasmodium :
- Plasmodium Falciparum ( Malaria tropika )
- Plasmodium vivax ( malaria tertiana )
- Plasmodium malarie ( malaria kuartana )
- Plasmodium ovale ( jarang, umumnya di Afrika )
Parasit malaria memerlukan dua macam fase untuk kelangsungan hidupnya. Fase malaria
dalam badan manusia disebut fase aseksual yang terdiri atas fase di luar sel darah merah dan
fase dalam sel darah merah yang terbagi dalam : 1) fase sisogoni yang menimbulkan demam
dan 2) fase gametomi yang menyebabkan seseorang menjadi sumber penular penyakit bagi
nyamuk malaria.
Dalam tubuh nyamuk terjadi fase seksual yang disebut sprogoni karena menghasilkan
sprosoit yaitu bentuk parasit yang sudah siap untuk ditularkan kepada manusia.

Agent is the genus Plasmodium cause malaria, Family Plasmodiidae, of the order
Coccidiidae. There are 4 types of plasmodium:
- Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria tropical)
- Plasmodium vivax (malaria tertiana)
- Malarie Plasmodium (malaria kuartana)
- Plasmodium ovale (rarely, mostly in Africa)
Malaria parasites require two phases to survival. Phase of malaria in the human body is
called asexual phase consisting of the phase out of the red blood cells and red blood cell
phase in which are divided into: 1) sisogoni phase that causes fever and 2) phase gametomi
that causes someone to be the source of disease transmission for malaria mosquitoes.
In the sexual phase of mosquitoes occur because of the so-called sprogoni produce sprosoit
the form of the parasite is ready to be transmitted to humans.

What happens when a person is bitten by an infected mosquito

What are the symthoms if a malaria attack

Biasanya penderita malaria dengan gejala :

- Demam secara berkala
- Menggigil
- Berkeringat
- Sakit kepala
- Sering disertai dengan gejala khas daerah ( diare pada balita sakit atau sakit otot pada
orang dewasa ).

Usually people with malaria with symptoms:

- Periodic fever
- Chills
- Sweating
- Headache
- Often accompanied by symptoms typical of the region (diarrhea in childhood illness or
muscle pain in adults).

Can malaria be prevented and if so, how?

Bagaimana cara pemberantasan dan pencegahan penyakit malaria ?

Untuk mengatasi penyakit malaria, yang harus dilakukan adalah memutuskan mata rantai
penularan penyakit. Oleh karena itu, untuk memutuskan mata rantai penularan penyakit harus
memutuskan hubungan antara ketiga faktor penyebab penyakit (agent, host, dan enviroment ).
1. Untuk melenyapkan faktor penyebab agent berkembang biak, maka harus
melenyapkan tempat hidup agent yaitu nyamuk Anopheles, dan membunuh kuman
yang ada dalam tubuh manusia dengan cara pengobatan. Upaya yang dilakukan
adalah penemuan dan pengobatan penderita malaria.
2. Untuk melenyapkan nyamuk anopheles, maka harus membunuh nyamuk anopheles
dengan penyemprotan nyamuk, dan melenyapkan tempat perindukan nyamuk.
3. Lingkungan tempat perindukan nyamuk harus dilenyapkan dengan cara tidak
membiarkan adanya genangan-genagan air di lingkungan manusia.
4. Untuk mencegah nyamuk menggigit manusia, maka diupayakan dengan tidur
memakai kelambu, memakai lation anti nyamuk, dll.
To cope with malaria, which must be done is to decide the disease transmission chain.
Therefore, to decide on the disease transmission chain must decide the relationship between
the three factors that cause disease (agent, host, and the Environment).
1. To eliminate the factors causing the agent to breed, then the agent must eliminate a
place to live is the Anopheles mosquito, and kills germs that exist in the human body
by way of treatment. Efforts are made is the discovery and treatment of malaria
patients.
2. To eliminate the Anopheles mosquito, it must kill the mosquito Anopheles
mosquitoes by spraying, and eliminate mosquito breeding places.
3. Environmental mosquito breeding places should be eliminated by not allowing any
stagnant water in the environment-human genagan.
4. To prevent mosquito bites another person, then attempted to sleep using mosquito
nets, use mosquito lation, etc..

CONCLUSION

In Indonesia up to now malaria is still a problem

Public Health. Especially in areas of eastern Indonesia. Morbidity
this disease is still quite high, especially common in endemic areas.
Today malaria eradication efforts conducted through
eradication of the causes of malaria vectors (Anopheles mosquitoes) - There are several ways
which is usually done in combating the vector that is chemically and biologically
which is often done.
Cause of malaria in Indonesia is the genus plasmodia family
plasmodiidae and order coccidiidae, until now known as 4 (four) kinds of parasites
malaria namely:
A. Plasmodium
Falcifarum causes tropical malaria that often
causing severe malaria.
B. Plasmodilun Tertiana vivax causes malaria.
C. Plasmodium malariae malaria causes Quartana
D. Plasmodium Ovate this type rarely encountered in Indonesia,
because generally a lot of cases occur in Africa and the western Pacific.
Classic symptoms of malaria is a paroxysm, usually consisting of 3
Successive stages are: Stage cold, fever and Stadium Stadium
sweating. The three clinical symptoms found in people originating from
non-endemic areas who received transmission in endemic areas or who
The first time the disease malaria.
The incubation period in naturally transmitted for each species
parasites are as follows: Plasmodium falcifarum 12 days. Plasmodium vivax
and 13 -17 days Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae 28 -30 days.