Ilmu Neurologi PDF
Ilmu Neurologi PDF
ILMU NEUROLOGI
OFFICE ADDRESS:
Jl padang no 5, manggarai, setiabudi, jakarta selatan Medan :
(belakang pasaraya manggarai) Jl. Setiabudi no. 65 G, medan P
phone number : 021 8317064 Hone number : 061 8229229
pin BB 2A8E2925 Pin BB : 24BF7CD2
WA 081380385694 Www.Optimaprep.Com
www.optimaprep.com
CEREBROVASKULER
STROKE (definisi)
• Treatment
– perawatan supportive ventilator
– Plasmapheresis
– intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)
GANGGUAN SISTEM SARAF PERIFER
(mg)
Clinical Presentation :
A disorder of neuromuscular •Facial muscle weakness is almost always present
transmission, characterisedby : –Ptosis and bilateral facial muscle weakness
–Sclera below limbus may be exposed due to weak lower lids
• Weakness and fatigue of some or •Bulbar muscle weakness
–Palatal muscles
all muscle groups •“Nasal voice”, nasal regurgitation
•Chewing and swallowing may become difficult choking
• Weakness worsening on •Severe jaw weakness may cause jaw to hang open
–Neck muscles :Neck flexors affected more than extensors
sustained or repeated exertion, •Limb muscle weakness
or towards the end of the day, –Upper limbs more common than lower limbs
•Respiratory muscle weakness
releivedby rest –Weakness of the intercostal musclesand the diaghram CO2
retention due to hypoventilation
Etiology: autoimmune destruction of •May cause a neuromuscular emergency
–Weakness of pharyngeal muscles may collapse the upper
nicotinic postsynaptic receptors for airway
•Occular muscle weakness
acetylcholine. The antibodies –Asymmetric
•Usually affects more than one extraocular muscle and is not
referred to as acetylcholine receptor limited to muscles innervated by one cranial nerve
antibodies (AChRantibodies) •Weakness of lateral and medial recti may produce a
pseudointernuclear opthalmoplegia
–Limited adduction of one eye with nystagmus of the
abducting eye on attempted lateral gaze
–Ptosis caused by eyelid weakness
–Diplopia is very common
GANGGUAN SISTEM SARAF PERIFER
(mg)
Pemeriksaan Tatalaksana
• Anti-acetylcholine •AChE inhibitors
receptor antibody Pyridostigmine bromide
• Anti-striated muscle (Mestinon) dan
antibody →84% pada Neostigmine Bromide
pasien denganthymoma •Immunomodulating
• Chest X-ray Chest CT therapies : Prednisone
Scan →thymoma •Plasmapheresis
•Thymectomy
GANGGUAN SISTEM SARAF PERIFER
(polio)
• 90-95% of all infection remain
asymptomatic
• 5-10% abortive type:
– Fever
– Headache, sore throat
– Limb pain, lethargy
– GI disturbance
• 1-2% major poliomyelitis:
– Meningitis syndrome
– Flaccid paresis with asymmetrical
proximal weakness & areflexia,
mainly in lower limbs
– Paresthesia without sensory loss or
autonomic dysfunction
– Muscle atrophy
GANGGUANN SARAF PERIFER
(Bells palsy)
• Paresis nervus VII perifer idiopatik
• Etiologi
– Inflamasi pada nervus fascialis di ganglion geniculatum
– Dicurigai disebabkan oleh infeksi HSV-1
• Klinis
– Kelemahan atau paralysis total otot-otot pada salah satu sisi wajah
– Lipatan nasolabial menghilang, dahi tidak berkerut, sudut mulut jatuh
– Kelopak mata sulit menutup (bila dipaksakan mata akan berputar ke
atas Bell`s phenomenon)
• Tatalaksana
– Acyclovir
– Prednisone
VERTIGO
Definisi sensasi berputar atau bergerak, dimana
dunia terasa berputar atau pasien merasa berputar.
sentral
perifer
vestibular
BPPV
vertigo
Non
vestibular Meniere
labirinitis
Vertigo
Gejala Perifer Sentral