Nama : Merynda Putri Maydilasari

NPM : 03.2015.1.07157

RINGKASAN PENYELESAIAN ALIRAN DAYA MENGGUNAKAN METODE GAUSS SEDEL DAN

METODE NEWTON RAPSHON

Metode Gauss-Seidel digunakan untuk menyelesaikan sistem persamaan linear (SPL) berukuran besar dan proporsi
koefisien nolnya besar, seperti sistem-sistem yang banyak ditemukan dalam sistem persamaan diferensial. Metode
iterasi Gauss-Seidel dikembangkan dari gagasan metode iterasi pada solusi persamaan tak linier.
Teknik iterasi jarang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan SPL berukuran kecil karena metode-metode langsung seperti
metode eliminasi Gauss lebih efisien daripada metode iteratif. Akan tetapi, untuk SPL berukuran besar dengan
persentase elemen nol pada matriks koefisien besar, teknik iterasi lebih efisien daripada metode langsung dalam hal
penggunaan memori komputer maupun waktu komputasi. Dengan metode iterasi Gauss-Seidel sesatan pembulatan
dapat diperkecil karena dapat meneruskan iterasi sampai solusinya seteliti mungkin sesuai dengan batas sesatan yang
diperbolehkan.
Rumus :

Metode Newton -Raphson dikembangkan dari Deret Taylor dengan mengabaikan derivative pertama fungsi dengan
satu variabel dari persamaan Deret Taylor

Rumus :
CONTOH SOAL :

Single Line Diagram Impedansi Single Line Diagram Admitansi

PENYELESAIAN GAUSS SIEDEL :
1 1 1
 𝑦12= 𝑦21= R = 0.10 + j0.40 = 0.4123⦞ 75.96° = 2.42 ⦞ − 75.96°
12 + jx12

Mengubah bilangan kompleks ke polar

√(0.10)2 + (0.40)2 = √0.1 + 0.16 = √0.17 = 0.4123
0.40
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0.10) = 75.96°

Lalu diubah menjadi bilangan kompleks

2.42 cos (−75.96°) + j2.42 sin (−75.96°) = 0.587090 - j2.347706
1 1 1
 𝑦13 = 𝑦31 = R = 0.15 + j0.60 = 0.6184 ⦞ 75.96° = 1.62 ⦞ − 75.96°
13 + jx13

Mengubah bilangan kompleks ke polar

√(0.15)2 + (0.60)2 = √0.0225 + 0.36 = √0.3825 = 0.6184
0.60
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0.15) = 75.96°

Lalu diubah menjadi bilangan kompleks

1.62 cos (−75.96°) + j1.62 sin (−75.96°) = 0.3930 – j1.5716
1 1 1
 𝑦23= 𝑦32= = = = 4.8520 ⦞ − 75.96°
R23 + Jx23 0.05 + J0.20 0.2061 ⦞ 75.96°

Mengubah bilangan kompleks ke polar

√(0.05)2 + (0.20)2 = √0.0025 + 0.04 = √0.0425 = 0.2061
0.20
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 75.96°
0.05
Lalu diubah menjadi bilangan kompleks
4.8520 cos (−75.96°) + 4.8520 sin (−75.96°) = 1.1771 – j4.707
1 1 1
 𝑦34 = 𝑦34 = R = 0.10 + j0.40 = 0.4123⦞ 75.96° = 2.42 ⦞ − 75.96°
34 + jx34

Mengubah bilangan kompleks ke polar

√(0.10)2 + (0.40)2 = √0.1 + 0.16 = √0.17 = 0.4123
0.40
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0.10) = 75.96°

Lalu diubah menjadi bilangan kompleks

2.42 cos (−75.96°) + j2.42 sin (−75.96°) = 0.587090 - j2.347706

Elemen Diagonal OFF/Admitansi Bersama

o Y12 = Y21 = –y12
= – 0.587090 + j2.347706
o Y13 = Y31 = – y31
= – 0.3930 + j1.5716
o Y23 = Y32 = –y23
= – 1.1771 + j4.707
o Y34 = Y43 = –y34
= – 0.587090 + j2.347706
 Elemen Diagonal Admitansi Sendiri
o Y11 = y10 + y12 + y13
= 0 + 0.587090 - j2.347706 + 0.3930 – j1.5716 = 0.98009 – j3.9116
o Y22 = y20 + y21 + y23
= 0 + 0.587090 - j2.347706 + 1.1771 – j4.707 = 1.76419 – j7.054706
o Y33 = y30 + y31 + y32 + y34
= 0 + 0.3930 – j1.5716 + 1.1771 – j4.707 + 0.587090 - j2.347706 = 2.15719 – j8.62631
o Y44 = y40 + y43
= 0 + 0.587090 - j2.347706 = 0.587090 - j2.347706

Matriks Admitansi

0.98009 – j3.9116 – 0.587090 + j2.347706 – 0.3930 + j1.5716 0

– 0.587090 + j2.347706 1.76419 – j7.054706 – 1.1771 + j4.707 0
Ybus = [ – 0.3930 + j1.5716 – 1.1771 + j4.707 2.15719 – j8.62631 – 0.587090 + j2.347706
]
0 0 – 0.587090 + j2.347706 0.587090 − j2.347706

 Bus 2 (Generator Bus) (Iterasi 1)

o Mencari Q2 :
𝑃2 − 𝑗𝑄2 = 𝑉2∗ ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑉𝑗 𝑌2𝑗
= 𝑉2∗ [𝑌21 𝑉1 + 𝑌22 𝑉2 + 𝑌23 𝑉3 ]
𝑄2 (1) = −𝐼𝑚(𝑉2∗ [𝑌21 𝑉1 + 𝑌22 𝑉2 + 𝑌23 𝑉3 ])
𝑄2 (1) = −𝐼𝑚(1.04[(– 0.587090 + j2.347706)(1.02) + (1.76419– j7.054706 )1.04 +
( – 1.1771 + j4.707)1])
𝑄2 (1) = −𝐼𝑚(1.04[ 0.0588 − 𝑗0.2352])
𝑄2 (1) = 0.0612 − 𝑗0.2446 𝑝𝑢
𝑄2 (1) = 𝑗0.2446 𝑝. 𝑢

Mulai mencari V iterasi 1 pada bus 2 :

(1) 1 𝑃2 −𝑗𝑄2 (1) (0) (0)
𝑉2 = [ − (𝑌21 𝑉1 + 𝑌23 𝑉3 )]
𝑌22 𝑉2∗
(1) 1 1−𝑗0.2446 (0) (0)
𝑉2 = [ − (𝑌21 𝑉1 + 𝑌23 𝑉3 )]
1.76419 – j7.054706 1.04
(1)
𝑉2 = 0.0334 + 𝑗0.1334 [0.9615 − 𝑗0.2352 − ((– 0.587090 + j2.347706)(1.02) +
(– 1.1771 + j4.707)1)]
(1)
𝑉2 = 0.0334 + 𝑗0.1334 [ 2.7374 − 𝑗7.3369]
(1)
𝑉2 = 0.4566 - j1.2238

 Bus 3 (Load Bus) (Iterasi 1)

(1) 1 𝑃3 −𝑗𝑄3 (0) (0) (0)
𝑉3 = [ − (𝑌31 𝑉1 + 𝑌32 𝑉2 + 𝑌34 𝑉4 )]
𝑌33 𝑉3∗
(1) 1 (−0.4)+𝑗0.1
𝑉3 = 2.15719 – j8.62631
[ 1
− ((– 0.3930 + j1.5716)(1.02) + (– 1.1771 + j4.707)(1.04) +
(– 0.587090 + j2.347706)(1))]
(1)
𝑉3 = 0.0273 + 𝑗0.1091 [ 0.0003 − 𝑗3.7596]
(1)
𝑉3 = 0.4102 − 𝑗0.1026

 Bus 4 (Load Bus) (Iterasi 1)

 (1) 1 𝑃4 −𝑗𝑄4 (0)
𝑉4 = [ − (𝑌43 𝑉4 )]
𝑌44 𝑉4∗
(1) 1 (−0.6)+𝑗0.2
𝑉4 = [ − ((– 0.587090 + j2.347706)(1))]
0.587090 − j2.347706 1
(1)
𝑉4 = 0.1002 + 𝑗0.4009 [ −0.0129 − 𝑗2.1477]
(1)
𝑉4 = 0.0950 − 𝑗0.8610

berikut hasil dari iterasi ke 1 dihasilkan :

𝑄2 (2) = − 𝑗0.9713 𝑝. 𝑢
(1)
𝑉2 = 0.4566 − j1.2238 = 1.31 ⦞ -6.73○
(1)
𝑉3 = 0.4102 − 𝑗0.1026 = 0.42 ⦞ -14.32○
(1)
𝑉4 = 0.0950 − 𝑗0.8610 = 0.87 ⦞ -8.36○

Selanjutnya yakni berikut hasil dari iterasi ke 2 dihasilkan :

𝑄2 (2) = − 𝑗0.9713 𝑝. 𝑢
(2)
𝑉2 = 0.5207 + 𝑗0.0908 = 0.53⦞ 9.89○
(2)
𝑉3 = −0.4608 + 𝑗0.9021 = 1.01⦞ 6.94○
(2)
𝑉4 = −0.0452 − 𝑗1.0815 = 1.08 ⦞ 8.76○

Lalu P dan Q pada bus 1 dapat dicari dengan menggunakan rumus :

𝑛

𝑃2 − 𝑗𝑄2 = 𝑉2∗ ∑ 𝑉𝑗 𝑌2𝑗

𝑗=1

Maka dengan memasukkan V pada iterasi ke 2, tetapi karena V1 belum ditemukan maka khusu V1 digunakan
V1 iterasi ke nol :
(0) (2) (3)
𝑃1 − 𝑗𝑄1 = 𝑉1∗ [𝑌11 𝑉1 + 𝑌12 𝑉2 + 𝑌13 𝑉3 ]
= 1.02[(0.98009 – j3.9116)(1.02) + (– 0.587090 + j2.347706)(0.5207 + 𝑗0.0908) + (– 0.3930 +
j1.5716)(−0.4608 + 𝑗0.9021)]

= 1.02[−0.7558 − 𝑗3.8994]

= −0.7709 − 𝑗3.9774

𝑃1 = −0.7709

𝑄1 = − 𝑗3.9774

Data Tegangan Pada Bus

Bus Iterasi 0 Iterasi 1 Iterasi 2 P Q V pu Keterangan
1 1.02⦞0○ 1.02⦞0○ 1.02⦞0○ −0.7709 − 3.9774 1.02⦞0○ Swing Bus
2 1.04⦞0○ 1.31 ⦞ -6.73○ 0.53⦞ 9.89○ 1 − 0.9713 1.04⦞0○ Voltage Controller
3 1.00⦞0○ 0.42 ⦞ -14.32○ 1.01⦞ 6.94○ -0.4 -0.1 1.00⦞0○ Load Bus (Inductive)
4 1.00⦞0○ 0.87 ⦞ -8.36○ 1.08 ⦞ 8.76○ -0.6 -0.2 1.00⦞0○ Load Bus (Inductive)

Berikutnya yakni mencari aliran dayanya :

 Data Tegangan Bus pada Iterasi 2
Bus P Q V p.u Iterasi 2 Keterangan
1 −0.7709 − 3.9774 1.02⦞0○ Swing Bus
2 1 − 0.9713 0.53⦞ 9.89○ Voltage Controller
3 -0.4 -0.1 1.01⦞ 6.94○ Load Bus (Inductive)
4 -0.6 -0.2 1.08 ⦞ 8.76○ Load Bus (Inductive)

1. Losses untuk Bus 1 – 2

(2) (2)
𝐼12 = 𝑌12 (𝑉1 − 𝑉2 )
=– 0.587090 + j2.347706(1.02 − 0.5207 + 𝑗0.0908)
=-0.8003 + j1.1722
(2) ∗
𝑆12 = (𝑉1 ∗ 𝐼12 )
= 1.02 ∗ ( -0.8003 + j1.1722)
=-0.8163 + j1.1956
𝐼21 = −𝐼12 = 0.8003 - j1.1722
(2) ∗
𝑆21 = (𝑉2 ∗ 𝐼21 )
= (0.5207 + 𝑗0.0908) ∗ (0.8003 - j1.1722)
=0.5232 - j0.5377
𝑆𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠12 = (𝑆12 + 𝑆21 )
= (−0.8163 + j1.1956) + ( 0.5232 - j0.5377)
=-0.2931 + j0.6579

2. Losses untuk Bus 1 – 3

(2) (2)
𝐼13 = 𝑌13 (𝑉1 − 𝑉3 )
=– 0.3930 + j1.5716(1.02— (−0.4608 + 𝑗0.9021)
=1.0247 + j2.3272
(2) ∗
𝑆13 = (𝑉1 ∗ 𝐼13 )
= 1.02 ∗ ( 1.0247 + j2.3272)
=1.0452 + j2.3737
𝐼31 = −𝐼31 = -1.0247 - j2.3272
(2) ∗
𝑆31 = (𝑉3 ∗ 𝐼31 )
= (−0.4608 + 𝑗0.9021) ∗ ( -1.0247 - j2.3272)
= 2.5715 + 𝑗0.1480
𝑆𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠13 = (𝑆13 + 𝑆31 )
= (1.0452 + j2.3737) + ( 2.5715 + 𝑗0.1480)
=3.6167 + j2.5217

3. Losses untuk Bus 2 – 3

(2) (2)
𝐼23 = 𝑌23 (𝑉2 − 𝑉3 )
=– 1.1771 + j4.707((0.5207 + 𝑗0.0908) − (−0.4608 + 𝑗0.9021)
=2.6417 + j4.6199
(2) ∗
𝑆23 = (𝑉2 ∗ 𝐼23 )
= 0.5207 + 𝑗0.0908 ∗ ( 2.6417 + j4.6199)
= 0.1012 + j0.2399
𝐼32 = −𝐼23 = -2.6417 - j4.6199
(2) ∗
𝑆32 = (𝑉3 ∗ 𝐼32 )
= (−0.4608 + 𝑗0.9021) ∗ ( -2.6417 - j4.6199)
= 5.3849 − 𝑗0.25424
𝑆𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠23 = (𝑆23 + 𝑆32 )
= (0.1012 + j0.2399) + ( 5.3849 − 𝑗0.25424 )
=5.4861 - j0.0143
 4. Losses untuk Bus 3 – 4
𝐼34 = 𝑌34 (𝑉32 − 𝑉42 )
= – 0.587090 + j2.347706((−0.4608 + 𝑗0.9021) − (−0.0452 − 𝑗1.0815 )
= −5.2440 − 𝑗0.9757
(2) ∗
𝑆34 = (𝑉3 ∗ 𝐼34 )
= (−0.4608 + 𝑗0.9021) ∗ ( −5.2440 − 𝑗0.9757)
= 3.2966 - j4.2810
𝐼34 = −𝐼43 = 5.2440 + 𝑗0.9757
(2) ∗
𝑆43 = (𝑉4 ∗ 𝐼43 )
= (−0.0452 − 𝑗1.0815 ) ∗ ( 5.2440 + 𝑗0.9757)
= 0.8182 − 𝑗5.7155
𝑆𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠34 = (𝑆34 + 𝑆43 )
= (3.2966 − j4.2810) + ( 0.8182 − 𝑗5.7155)
=4.1148 – j9.9965

Aliran Daya

Swing Voltage Controlled

V = 1.02⦞ 0○ V = 0.53⦞ 9.89○
S1 = −0.7709 − 𝑗3.9774 S2 = 1 − 𝑗0.9713

1 2
1.0452 + j2.3737 -0.8163 + j1.1956 0.5232 - j0.5377 0.1012 + j0.2399

2.5715 + 𝑗0.1480 5.3849 − 𝑗0.25424

3
3.2966 - j4.2810

0.8182 − 𝑗5.7155
4

PENYELESAIAN DENGAN NEWTON RAPSHON

Admitansi saluran :

𝑦12 = 1
=
1
= 0.5882 – 𝑗2.3529
𝑅12 + 𝑗𝑋12 0.1+𝑗0.4

𝑦13 = 1
=
1
= 0.3922 – 𝑗1.5686
𝑅13 + 𝑗𝑋13 0.15+𝑗0.6

𝑦23 = 1
=
1
= 1.1765 – 𝑗4.7059
𝑅23 + 𝑗𝑋23 0.05+𝑗0.2

𝑦34 = 1
=
1
= 0.5882 – 𝑗2.3529
𝑅34 + 𝑗𝑋34 0.1+𝑗0.4

𝑌11 𝑌12 𝑌13 𝑌14

𝑌 𝑌 𝑌23 𝑌24
𝑦𝑏𝑢𝑠 = [ 21 22 ]
𝑌31 𝑌32 𝑌33 𝑌34
𝑌41 𝑌42 𝑌43 𝑌44

𝑌11 = [𝑦10 + 𝑦12 + 𝑦13 ] = 0.9804 − 𝑗3.9125

𝑌22 = [𝑦20 + 𝑦12 + 𝑦23 ] = 1.7647 − 𝑗7.0588

𝑌33 = [𝑦30 + 𝑦13 + 𝑦23 + 𝑦34 ] = 2.1569 − 𝑗8.6274

𝑌44 = [𝑦40 + 𝑦34 ] = 0.5882 − 𝑗2.3529

0.9804 − 𝑗3.9125 −0.5882 + 𝑗2.3529 −0.3922 + 𝑗1.5686 0

−0.5882 + 𝑗2.3529 1.7647 − 𝑗7.0588 −1.1765 + 𝑗4.7059 0
𝑦𝑏𝑢𝑠 =[ ]
−0.3922 + 𝑗1.5686 −1.1765 + 𝑗4.7059 2.1569 − 𝑗8.6274 −0.5882 + 𝑗2.3529
0 0 −0.5882 + 𝑗2.3529 0.5882 − 𝑗2.3529

Diubah Ke dalam Bentuk Polar :

4.033 < −75.932 2.425 < −75.9637 1.617 < −75.962 0

2.425 < −75.9637 7.276 < −75.96 4.8507 < −75.963 0
𝑦𝑏𝑢𝑠 = [ ]
1.617 < −75.962 4.8507 < −75.963 8.894 < −75.965 2.425 < −75.9637
0 0 2.425 < −75.9637 2.425 < −75.9637

𝑷𝒊 = ∑𝒏𝒋=𝟏 |𝑽𝒊 | |𝑽𝒋 ||𝒀𝒊𝒋 | 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜽𝒊𝒋 − 𝜹𝒊 + 𝜹𝒋 ) …. ❶

𝑸𝒊 = − ∑𝒏𝒋=𝟏 |𝑽𝒊 | |𝑽𝒋 ||𝒀𝒊𝒋 | 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝜽𝒊𝒋 − 𝜹𝒊 + 𝜹𝒋 ) …. ❷

Bus Known Unknown

 Slack V, 𝜹 P, Q
Generator P, |V| Q, 𝜹
Load P, Q |V|, 𝜹
Load P, Q |V|, 𝜹

Menentukan Daya Aktif pada beban 2, 3, 4 dan Daya Reaktif pada beban 3, 4

𝑃2 = |𝑉2||𝑉1||𝑌21|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉22 ||𝑌22|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃22) + |𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)

+ |𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)

= |1.04||1.02||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) + |1.042 ||7.276|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.96)

+ |1.04||1||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0 + 0) + |1.04||1||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0)

= 0.624 + 1.9091 + 1.2236 + 0 = 3.7567

𝑃3 = |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2) + |𝑉32 ||𝑌33|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃33)

+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |1||1.02||1.617|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.962 − 0 + 0) + |1||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0 + 0)
+ |12 ||8.894|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.965) + |1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

= 0.400072 + 1.2236 + 2.1569 + 0.5881 = 4.368672

𝑃4 = |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)

+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3) + |𝑉42 ||𝑌44|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃44)

= |1||1.02||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0) + |1||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0) + |1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

+ |12 ||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637)

= 0 + 0 + 0.5881 + 0.5881 = 1.1763

𝑄3 = −|𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) − |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2) − |𝑉32 ||𝑌33|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃33)

− |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= −|1||1.02||1.617|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.962 − 0 + 0) − |1||1.04||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 0 + 0)
− |12 ||8.894|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.965) − |1||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

= 1.6000825 + 4.894088 + 8.6285 + 2.3526 = 17.475273

𝑄4 = −|𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) − |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)

− |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4) – |𝑉42 ||𝑌44|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃44)

= −|1||1.02||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0 + 0) − |1||1.04||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0 + 0) − |1||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

− |12 ||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637)

= 0 + 0 + 2.3536 + 2.3526 = 4.70519

Matriks Jacobi

𝜕𝑃2 𝜕𝑃2 𝜕𝑃2 𝜕𝑃2 𝜕𝑃2

𝜕𝛿2 𝜕𝛿3 𝜕𝛿4 𝜕|𝑉3| 𝜕|𝑉4|
𝜕𝑃3 𝜕𝑃3 𝜕𝑃3 𝜕𝑃3 𝜕𝑃3 ∆𝛿2 ∆𝑃2
𝜕𝛿2 𝜕𝛿3 𝜕𝛿4 𝜕|𝑉3| 𝜕|𝑉4|
∆𝛿3 ∆𝑃3
𝜕𝑃4 𝜕𝑃4 𝜕𝑃4 𝜕𝑃4 𝜕𝑃4
∆𝛿4 = ∆𝑃4
𝜕𝛿2 𝜕𝛿3 𝜕𝛿4 𝜕|𝑉3| 𝜕|𝑉4|
𝜕𝑄3 𝜕𝑄3 𝜕𝑄3 𝜕𝑄3 𝜕𝑄3 ∆|𝑉3| ∆𝑄3
` 𝜕|𝑉4| [∆|𝑉4|] [∆𝑄4]
𝜕𝛿2 𝜕𝛿3 𝜕𝛿4 𝜕|𝑉3|
𝜕𝑄4 𝜕𝑄4 𝜕𝑄4 𝜕𝑄4 𝜕𝑄4
[ 𝜕𝛿2 𝜕𝛿3 𝜕𝛿4 𝜕|𝑉3| 𝜕|𝑉4| ]
Baris Pertama

𝜕𝑃2
= |𝑉2||𝑉1||𝑌21|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)
𝜕𝛿2
+ |𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)

= |1.04||1.02||2.425| 𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) + |1.04||1||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 0 + 0)

+ |1.04||1||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0 + 0)

= −2.4956 − 4.8940888 + 0 = −7.3896888

𝜕𝑃2
= −|𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)
𝜕𝛿3
= −|1.04||1||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 0 + 0) = 4.8940888

𝜕𝑃2
= −|𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)
𝜕𝛿4
= −|1.04||1||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0 + 0) = 0

𝜕𝑃2
= |𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)
𝜕|𝑉3|

= |1.04||1||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0 + 0) = 1.22356

𝜕𝑃2
= |𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)
𝜕|𝑉4|

= |1.04||1||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0) = 0

Baris Kedua

𝜕𝑃3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿2
= −|1||1.04||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 0 + 0) = 4.8940888
𝜕𝑃3
= |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿3
+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |1||1.02||1.617| 𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.962 − 0 + 0) + |1||1.04||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 0 + 0)

+ |1||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

= −1.60008 − 4.8940888 − 2.3526 = −8.8467688

𝜕𝑃3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
𝜕𝛿4
= −|1||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) = 2.3526

𝜕𝑃3
= |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕|𝑉3|
+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |1||1.02||1.617|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.962 − 0 + 0) + |1||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0 + 0)
+ |1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

= 0.400072 + 1.2236 + 0.5881 = 2.211772

𝜕𝑃3
= |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
𝜕|𝑉4|

= |1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) = 0.5881

Baris Ketiga

𝜕𝑃4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿2
= −|1||1.04||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0 + 0) = 0

𝜕𝑃4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
𝜕𝛿3
= −|1||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) = −2.3526

𝜕𝑃4
= |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝑆𝑖𝑛(41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿4
+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)

= |1||1.02||0| 𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0 + 0) + |1||1.04||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0 + 0) + |1||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

= 0 + 0 + 2.3526 = 2.3526

𝜕𝑃4
= |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
𝜕|𝑉3|

= |1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) = 0.5881
 𝜕𝑃4
= |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕|𝑉4|
+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)

= |1||1.02||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0) + |1||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0)
+ |1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

= 0 + 0 + 0.5881 = 0.5881

Baris Keempat

𝜕𝑄3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿2
= −|1||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0 + 0) = −1.2236

𝜕𝑄3
= |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿3
+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |1||1.02||1.617| 𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.962 − 0 + 0) + |1||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0 + 0)

+ |1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

= 0.400072 + 1.2236 + 0.5881 = 2.211772

𝜕𝑄3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
𝜕𝛿4
= −|1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) = −0.5881
𝝏𝑸𝒊 𝝏𝑷𝒊
|𝑽𝒊 | =− − 𝟐|𝑽𝒊 |𝟐 |𝑩𝒊𝒊 |
𝝏|𝑽𝒊 | 𝝏𝜹𝒊

𝜕𝑄3 𝜕𝑃3
=− − 2|𝑉3 |2 |𝐵33 |
𝜕|𝑉3 | 𝜕𝛿3

= −(−8.8467688) − 2|1|2 | − 8.894|

= (8.8467688) + 17.788 = 26.6347688

𝜕𝑄3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
𝜕|𝑉4|

= −|1||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) = 2.3526

Baris Kelima

𝜕𝑄4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿2
= −|1||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0) = 0

𝜕𝑄4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
𝜕𝛿3
= −|1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) = −0.5881
𝜕𝑄4
= |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿4
+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)

= |1||1.02||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0) + |1||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0 + 0)
+ |1||1||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0 + 0)

= 0 + 0 + 0.5881 = 0.5881

𝜕𝑄4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
𝜕|𝑉3|

= −|1||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0 + 0) = 2.3526

𝜕𝑄4 𝜕𝑃4
=− − 2|𝑉4 |2 |𝐵44 |
𝜕|𝑉4 | 𝜕𝛿4

= −(2.3526) − 2|1|2 |−2.425| = 2.4974

Sisa daya (power residuals) (pu)

∆P2(0) = 1 − 3.7567 = −2.7567

∆P3(0) = −0.4 − 4.3687 = −4.787

∆P4(0) = −0.6 − 1.1763 = −1.7763

∆Q3(0) = −0.1 − 17.475 = −17.575

∆Q4(0) = −0.2 − 4.7052 = −4.9052

Iterasi ke-1

−2.7567 −7.39 4.89 0 1.223 0 ∆𝛿2

−4.787 4.89 −8.85 2.35 2.21 0.588 ∆𝛿3
−1.7763 = 0 −2.35 2.35 0.588 0.588 ∆𝛿4
−17.575 −1.223 2.218 −0.588 26.635 `2.353 ∆|𝑉3|
[−4.9052] [ 0 −0.588 0.588 2.353 2.4974] [∆|𝑉4|]

∆𝛿2 −1
−7.39 4.89 0 1.223 0 −2.7567
∆𝛿3 4.89 −8.85 2.35 2.21 0.588 −4.787
∆𝛿4 = 0 −2.35 2.35 0.588 0.588 −1.7763
∆|𝑉3| −1.223 2.218 −0.588 26.635 `2.353 −17.575
[∆|𝑉4|] [ 0 −0.588 0.588 2.353 2.4974] [−4.9052]

∆𝛿2 −0.2694 −0.196 0.2097 0.0265 −0.0282 −2.7567

∆𝛿3 −0.2027 −0.2988 0.3143 0.03 −0.0319 −4.787
∆𝛿4 = −0.2027 −2.990 0.7663 0.0294 −0.1377 −1.7763
∆|𝑉3| 0 0.0101 0.0107 0.0403 −0.0428 −17.575
[∆|𝑉4|] [ 0 −0.0095 −0.1165 −0.0378 0.4657 ] [−4.9052]
 ∆𝛿2 0.9812
∆𝛿3 1.0604
∆𝛿4 = 0.7881
∆|𝑉3| −0.5649
[∆|𝑉4|] [−1.3678]

Iterasi pertama (1)

∆𝛿2 = 0.9812 + 0 = 0.9812 rad

∆𝛿3 = 1.0604 + 0 = 1.0604 rad

∆𝛿4 = 0.7881+ 0 = 0.7881 rad

∆|𝑉3| = 1 + (−0.5649) = 0.4351 pu

∆|𝑉4| = 1 + (−1.3678) = −0.3678 pu

Untuk Iterasi ke-2

𝑃2 = |𝑉2||𝑉1||𝑌21|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉22 ||𝑌22|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃22) + |𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)

+ |𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)

= |1.04||1.02||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0.9812 + 0) + |1.042 ||7.276|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.96)

+ |1.04||0.4351||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0.9812 + 1.0604)
+ |1.04||−0.3678||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.9812 + 0.7881)

= 0.581 + 1.9091 + 0.5353 + 0 = 3.0254

𝑃3 = |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2) + |𝑉32 ||𝑌33|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃33)

+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |0.4351 ||1.02||1.617|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.962 − 1.0604 + 0)

+ |0.4351 ||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 1.0604 + 0.9812) + |0.4351 2 ||8.894|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.965)
+ |0.4351 ||−0.3678||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881)

= 0.16115 + 0.5294 + 1.6773 − 0.09233 = 2.27552

𝑃4 = |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)

+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3) + |𝑉42 ||𝑌44|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃44)

= |−0.3678||1.02||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.7881 + 0) + |−0.3678||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.7881 + 0.9812)

+ |−0.3678||0.4351||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604)
+ |−0.36782 ||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637)

= 0 + 0 + 0.03527 + 0.07956 = 0.11483

𝑄3 = −|𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) − |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2) − |𝑉32 ||𝑌33|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃33)

− |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
 = −|0.4351 ||1.02||1.617|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.962 − 1.0604 + 0)
− |0.4351 ||1.04||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 1.0604 + 0.9812) − |0.4351 2 ||8.894|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.965)
− |0.4351 ||1||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881)

= 0.69929 + 2.1301 + 1.6334 + 1.0248 = 5.48759

𝑄4 = −|𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) − |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)

− |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3) – |𝑉42 ||𝑌44|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃44)

= −|−0.3678||1.02||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0.7881 + 0) − |−0.3678||1.04||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0.7881 + 0.9812)

− |−0.3678||0.4351||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604)
− |−0.36782 ||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637)

= 0 + 0 + 0.37603 + 0.3182 = 0.69423

Matriks Jacobi Iterasi Ke -2

Baris Pertama

𝜕𝑃2
= |𝑉2||𝑉1||𝑌21|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)
𝜕𝛿2
+ |𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)

= |1.04||1.02||2.425| 𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0.9812 + 0)

+ |1.04||0.4351||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 0.9812 + 1.0604)
+ |1.04||−0.3678||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0.9812 + 0.7881)

= −2.50595 − 2.121868 + 0 = −4.63463

𝜕𝑃2
= −|𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)
𝜕𝛿3
= −|1.04||0.4351||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 0.9812 + 1.0604) = 2.12868

𝜕𝑃2
= −|𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)
𝜕𝛿4
= −|1.04||−0.3678||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0.9812 + 0.7881) = 0

𝜕𝑃2
= |𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)
𝜕|𝑉3|

= |1.04||0.4351||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0.9812 + 1.0604) = 0.53532

𝜕𝑃2
= |𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)
𝜕|𝑉4|

= |1.04||−0.3678||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.9812 + 0.7881) = 0

Baris Kedua

𝜕𝑃3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿2
= −|0.4351||1.04||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 1.0604 + 0.9812) = 2.1301

𝜕𝑃3
= |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿3
+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |0.4351||1.02||1.617| 𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.962 − 1.0604 + 0)

+ |0.4351||1.04||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 − 1.0604 + 0.9812)
+ |0.4351||−0.3678||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881)

= −0.6992 − 2.1301 + 0.3769 = −2.4524

𝜕𝑃3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
𝜕𝛿4
= −|0.4351||−0.3678||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881) = −0.3769

𝜕𝑃3
= |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕|𝑉3|
+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |0.4351||1.02||1.617|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.962 − 1.0604 + 0)
+ |0.4351||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 1.0604 + 0.9812)
+ |0.4351||−0.3678||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881)

= 0.16115 + 0.52944 − 0.0923 = 0.59829

𝜕𝑃3
= |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
𝜕|𝑉4|

= |0.4351||−0.3678||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881) = 0.0923

Baris Ketiga

𝜕𝑃4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿2
= −|−0.3678||1.04||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0.7881 + 0.9812) = 0

𝜕𝑃4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
𝜕𝛿3
= −|−0.3678||0.4351||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604) = −0.37603

𝜕𝑃4
= |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝑆𝑖𝑛(41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿4
+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
 = |−0.3678||1.02||0| 𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0.7881 + 0) + |−0.3678||1.04||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 − 0.7881 + 0.9812)
+ |−0.3678||0.4351||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604)

= 0 + 0 + 0.37603 = 0.37603

𝜕𝑃4
= |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
𝜕|𝑉3|

= |−0.3678|||0.4351|||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604) = −0.08933

𝜕𝑃4
= |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕|𝑉4|
+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)

= |−0.3678||1.02||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.7881 + 0) + |−0.3678||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.7881 + 0.9812)

+ |−0.3678||0.4351||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604)

= 0 + 0 + (−0.08933) = −0.08933

Baris Keempat

𝜕𝑄3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿2
= −|0.4351||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 1.0604 + 0.9812) = −0.5294

𝜕𝑄3
= |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿3
+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |0.4351||1.02||1.617| 𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.962 − 1.0604 + 0)

+ |0.4351||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 1.0604 + 0.9812)
+ |0.4351||−0.3678||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881)

= 0.16115 + 0.5294 − 0.0923 = 0.59825

𝜕𝑄3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
𝜕𝛿4
= −|0.4351||−0.3678||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881) = 0.0923
𝝏𝑸𝒊 𝝏𝑷𝒊
|𝑽𝒊 | =− − 𝟐|𝑽𝒊 |𝟐 |𝑩𝒊𝒊 |
𝝏|𝑽𝒊 | 𝝏𝜹𝒊

𝜕𝑄3 𝜕𝑃3
=− − 2|𝑉3 |2 |𝐵33 |
𝜕|𝑉3 | 𝜕𝛿3

= −(−2.4524) − 2|0.4351|2 | − 8.894|

= (2.4524) + 3.3674 = 5.8198

𝜕𝑄3
= −|𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)
𝜕|𝑉4|

= −|0.4351||−0.3678||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 1.0604 + 0.7881) = −0.3769

Baris Kelima

𝜕𝑄4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿2
= −|−0.3678||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.7881 + 0.9812) = 0

𝜕𝑄4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
𝜕𝛿3
= −|−0.3678||0.4351||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604) = 0.0959

𝜕𝑄4
= |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
𝜕𝛿4
+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)

= |−0.3678||1.02||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.7881 + 0) + |−0.3678||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0.7881 + 0.9812)

+ |−0.3678||0.4351||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604)

= 0 + 0 + (−0.0959) = −0.0959

𝜕𝑄4
= −|𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3)
𝜕|𝑉3|

= −|−0.3678||0.4351||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 − 0.7881 + 1.0604) = −0.3769

𝜕𝑄4 𝜕𝑃4
=− − 2|𝑉4 |2 |𝐵44 |
𝜕|𝑉4 | 𝜕𝛿4

= −(0.37603) − 2| − 0.3678|2 |−2.425| = 0.28006

Sisa daya (power residuals) (pu)

∆P2(1) = −2.7567 − 3.0254 = −5.7821

∆P3(1) = −4.787 − 2.27552 = −7.06252

∆P4(1) = −1.7763 − 0.11483 = −1.89113

∆Q3(1) = −17.575 − 5.48759 = −23.0626

∆Q4(1) = −4.9052 − 0.69423 = −5.59943

Iterasi ke-2

−6.7191 −7.215 4.716 0 1.1324 0 ∆𝛿2

−8.9677 4.694 −8.543 2.312 2.187 0.576 ∆𝛿3
−2.9704 = 0 −2.311 2.311 0.5798 0.5798 ∆𝛿4
−34.0929 −1.2202 2.1912 −0.5798 24.984 `2.312 ∆|𝑉3|
[ −9.6735 ] [ 0 −0.5798 0.5798 2.312 2.7547] [∆|𝑉4|]
 ∆𝛿2 −1
−7.215 4.716 0 1.1324 0 −6.7191
∆𝛿3 4.694 −8.543 2.312 2.187 0.576 −8.9677
∆𝛿4 = 0 −2.311 2.311 0.5798 0.5798 −2.9704
∆|𝑉3| −1.2202 2.1912 −0.5798 24.984 2.312 −34.0929
[∆|𝑉4|] [ 0 −0.5798 0.5798 2.312 2.7547] [ −9.6735 ]

∆𝛿2 −0.2731 −0.1996 0.2131 0.0273 −0.026 −6.7191

∆𝛿3 −0.2058 −0.308 0.3237 0.0316 −0.0302 −8.9677
∆𝛿4 = −0.2057 −0.3085 0.7801 0.0298 −0.1247 −2.9704
∆|𝑉3| −0.0001 0.0109 0.0098 0.0426 −0.0401 −34.0929
[∆|𝑉4|] [ 0.0001 −0.0091 −0.1043 −0.0353 0.4165 ] [ −9.6735 ]

∆𝛿2 2.3128
∆𝛿3 2.3993
∆𝛿4 = 2.0231
∆|𝑉3| −1.1899
[∆|𝑉4|] [−2.4338]

Iterasi kedua (2)

∆𝛿2 = 2.3128 + 0.9812= 3.294 rad

∆𝛿3 = 2.3993 + 1.0604 = 3.46 rad

∆𝛿4 = 2.0231+ 0.7881= 2.8112 rad

∆|𝑉3| = 0.4351 + (−1.1899) = 0.7548 pu

∆|𝑉4| = −0.3678 + (−2.4338) = −2.8016 pu

Untuk Iterasi ke-3

𝑃2 = |𝑉2||𝑉1||𝑌21|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉22 ||𝑌22|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃22) + |𝑉2||𝑉3||𝑌23|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3)

+ |𝑉2||𝑉4||𝑌24|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃24 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿4)

= |1.04||1.02||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 − 0,29081 + 0) + |1.042 ||7.276|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.96)

+ |1.04||0,9614 ||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 − 0,29081 − 0,2439)
+ |1.04||1,022||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 − 0,29081 + − 0,2919)

= 0.6112 + 2.0272 + 1.324 + 0 = 3.9624

𝑃3 = |𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2) + |𝑉32 ||𝑌33|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃33)

+ |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= |0,9614 ||1.02||1.617|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.962 + 0,2439 + 0)

+ |0,9614||1.04||4.8507|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.963 + 0,2439 + 0,29081) + |0,96142 ||8.894|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.965)
+ |0,9614||1,022||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 + 0,2439 − 0,2919)

= 0.39117 + 1.2202 + 1.9936 + 0.5758 = 4.18077

𝑃4 = |𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) + |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)
+ |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3) + |𝑉42 ||𝑌44|𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃44)

= |1,022||1.02||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 + 0,2919 + 0) + |1,022||1.04||0|𝐶𝑜𝑠(0 + 0,2919 + 0,29081)

+ |1,022||0,9614||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637 + 0,2919 − 0,2439 ) + |1,0222 ||2.425|𝐶𝑜𝑠(−75.9637)

= 0 + 0 + 0.5798 + 0.6143 = 1.1941

𝑄3 = −|𝑉3||𝑉1||𝑌31|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1) − |𝑉3||𝑉2||𝑌32|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2) − |𝑉32 ||𝑌33|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃33)

− |𝑉3||𝑉4||𝑌34|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃34 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿4)

= −|0,9614 ||1.02||1.617|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.962 + 0,2439 + 0)

− |0,9614 ||1.04||4.8507|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.963 + 0,2439 + 0,29081) − |0,9614 2 ||8.894|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.965)
− |0,9614 ||1,022||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 + 0,2439 − 0,2919 )

= 1.53666 + 4.69339 + 7.9752 + 2.31202 = 16.51787

𝑄4 = −|𝑉4||𝑉1||𝑌41|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃41 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿1) − |𝑉4||𝑉2||𝑌42|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃42 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿2)

− |𝑉4||𝑉3||𝑌43|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃43 − 𝛿4 + 𝛿3) – |𝑉42 ||𝑌44|𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝜃44)

= −|1,022||1.02||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 + 0,2919 + 0) − |1,022||1.04||0|𝑆𝑖𝑛(0 + 0,2919 + 0,29081)

− |1,022||0,9614||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637 + 0,2919 − 0,2439 ) − |1,0222 ||2.425|𝑆𝑖𝑛(−75.9637)

= 0 + 0 + 2.31105 + 2.45724 = 4.76829