SKRIPSI
Untuk Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan
Diajukan Oleh :
FITRIA SHIRLEY MELINDA MULYATNO
J 500100024
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
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MOTTO
“ Jika Allah menolong kamu, maka tak adalah orang yang dapat mengalahkan
kamu; jika Allah membiarkan kamu (tidak memberi pertolongan), maka siapakah
gerangan yang dapat menolong kamu (selain) dari Allah sesudah itu? Karena
itu, hendaklah kepada Allah saja orang-orang mukmin bertawakal “
(QS. Ali Imran : 160)
“Maka apabila engkau telah selesai (dari sesutu urusan), tetaplah bekerja keras
(untuk urusan yang lain), dan hanya kepada Tuhanmu kamu berharap”
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KATA PENGANTAR
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8. Suamiku tercinta AKP. Hendrix Kusuma Wardhana SH, S.ik, MH yang selalu
memberikan motivasi, dukungan dan kasih sayang yang tak pernah usai.
9. Anak-anakku Atmaniksatria Edzel Putra Wardhana, si kembar Kenzi Janitra
Putra Wardhana dan Kenzo Janitra Putra Wardhana yang membuat saya
semangat dalam menyelesaikan skripsi dan menjalani hidup ini.
10. Teman-teman saya Boyah ( Putri, Nia, Denny, Iza, Ayu, Angga, Sares, Baiq
dan Ardian) yang selalu ada dalam susah maupun senang.
11. Teman seperjuanganku dalam pembuatan skripsi dibidang Mikrobiologi Prala
yang selalu memberikan saran dan bantuan.
12. DNA 13 yakni angkatan saya yang memberikan banyak pengalaman dan
kebersamaan yang membuat kami merasa memiliki. Serta seluruh mahasiswa
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
13. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penulisan dan penyusunan skripsi
ini.
Dalam penulisan skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Penulis menyadari
masih banyak kekurangan dalam penelitian dan penyusunan skripsi ini. Kritik dan
saran sangat diharapkan demi perbaikan. Akhir kata, semoga skripsi ini dapat
bermanfaat bagi seluruh pembaca khususnya dunia pendidikan dan kesehatan.
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................... ii
PERNYATAAN............................................................................................... iii
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... x
DAFTAR GRAFIK .......................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xii
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... xiii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................ 3
C. Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................... 4
D. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................... 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... 5
A. Landasan Teori............................................................................. 5
1. Cacing tanah........................................................................... 5
2. Bakteri .................................................................................... 13
3. Anti Bakteri ............................................................................ 19
4. Tinjauan Umum Ekstraksi ..................................................... 21
5. Pengukuran Aktivitas Antibakteri.......................................... 23
6. Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Cacing Tanah
(Lumbricus rubellus) .............................................................. 24
B. Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................... 26
C. Hipotesis ...................................................................................... 27
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BAB III METODE PENELITIAN................................................................... 28
A. Desain Penelitian ......................................................................... 28
B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................... 28
C. Subjek Penelitian ......................................................................... 28
D. Variabel Penelitian ....................................................................... 29
E. Definisi Oprasional Penelitian ..................................................... 29
F. Instrumen dan Bahan Penelitian .................................................. 30
G. Jalannya Penelitian....................................................................... 31
H. Estimasi Besar Sampel ................................................................. 35
I. Rancangan Penelitian ................................................................... 36
J. Analisis Data ................................................................................ 37
K. Jadwal Penelitian ......................................................................... 37
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................... 38
A. Hasil dan Pembahasan ................................................................... 38
1. Identifikasi Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) ..................... 38
2. Hasil Pembuatan Ekstrak Etanol Cacing Tanah
(Lumbricus rubellus) ................................................................ 38
3. Hasil Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dengan Metode Sumuran ....... 39
4. Hasil Analisis Data................................................................... 42
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................... 46
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................... 50
A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 50
B. Saran............................................................................................... 50
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 51
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR TABEL
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
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DAFTAR GRAFIK
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
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ABSTRAK
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ABSTRACT
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF EARTHWORM (Lumbricus rubellus)
Extract On Salmonella thyphi AND Staphylococcus aureus bacteria IN VITRO
Background: The use of earthworm to medicine for treating various diseases and
to improve body endurance has long been known. Despite the advanced
development of medical science, the use of earthworm is preferred by people
because it has no side and toxic effects.
Purpose: Purpose of the research to prove that the extract of earthworm
(Lumbricus rubellus) is effectively inhibiting the growth of Salmonella thyphi and
Staphylococcus aureus in vitro.
Method of the research: The research is a laboratory experiment (true
experiment) with posttest only control group designed to know antibacterial
activity of earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) extract. The antibacterial activity was
examined by using well diffusion plate assay with concentrations of 10%, 25%,
50%, 75% and 100%. The well diffusion method was made in Muller Hinton
media smeared with bacterial cultures of Salmonella thyphi and Staphylococcus
aureus that had been standardized with 0.5 Mc Farland. Earthworm (Lumbricus
rubellus) extract was dripped into the well with a series of concentrations and
then, the cultures were incubated for 24 hours at 37oC and formation inhibition
zone formed was measured by using vernier calipers.
Results of the Research: The earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) extracts started
from concentration of 25%b/v – 100% b/v was proved to have potential to inhibit
the growth of Salmonella thyphi and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It can be
seen that an inhibition zones were formed in Salmonella thyphi culture for
concentrations of 50%, 75% and 100% resulting on an averaged diameters of
inhibition zones of 7,6±1,9mm, 8,5±1,3, 11,6±0,9mm respectively, and statistical
test obtained p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05), whereas averaged inhibition zones for
Staphylococcus aureus with extract concentrations of 50%, 75% and 100% were
3,9±0,6 mm, 4,8±1mm, 5,8mm±1,1mm, respectively, and statistical test obtained
p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05). However, it was less effective than that of positive
control.
Conclusion: Earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) extract has antibacterial activity
against Salmonella thyphi at concentrations of 50%-100% and Staphylococcus
aureus at concentrations of 25%-100% in vitro.
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