goat; the internal rectus sheath and peritoneum are tented before they are inelsed, OVARIECTOMY AND OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY Exteriorization of the female reproductive organs: required for many reproductive techniques such as embryo collection and transfer, oocyte collection, uterine tube flushing, etc. An ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy is usually performed for convenience to prevent sexual activity and eliminate pregnancy or to remove diseased organs (ovarian masses, chronic pyometra, uterine neoplasm, etc.) An ovariectomy or ovarichysterectomy performed as an lective surgery should be done during the luteal phase of the cycle or during ancestrus so that the uterus is relaxed and bleeding problems that would be associated with a toned, well-vaseularized uterus during estrus are prevented. Ovariectomy is easily performed on the anesthetized animal placed in dorsal recumbency. A small 6 to Sem incision is made in the ventral midline just cranial to the udder and continued into the abdominal cavity as described for cesarean section. The surgeon introduces two fingers into the abdominal cavity. The urinary bladder is identified, and the uterus is recognized in its dorsal aspect by following one af the horns to theCopyright SAUNDERS An Imprint of Elsevier 11830 Westhine Industrial Drive St. Louis, Missouri 63146 FARM ANIMAL SURGERY ISBN 0-7216-9062-9 Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier (USA). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 238 7869, fax: (+1) 215 238 2239, email healthpermissions@elsevier.com, You may also complete your request on-line via the Flsevier Science homepage (hup://wwwelseviercom) by selecting ‘Customer“The Raproduive Stam Th observe the vagina and uterus internally, make a ventral incision into the opesing of the urogenital sinvs and extend itco dae hom ef the uterus. Locate the cervix, the inferiorly projecting neck portion separating the boty of the ulerus from the vagina (Figare 13.7), your eats pregnant, observe the swollen bicomate wierus snd feel far a sloveloped fetus. Corel make on ineision at shat point and remove the fete that is attached to ite umbilical cord (Figure 15.7), Mate RePRoDUCTIVE SYSTEM Observe the reproductive exgans of « male cal (Figure 15.8). Inmediavely posterior tothe pelvic region, Ioerte he scrotum a sae covered with skin and Fue Carefully cut dhroxigh che skin and connective tissue at the venttal portion fof the seratum, ard expose the paired testes, Remove the tunica albuginea the tough covering of the testes and observe the epididymis, «large coiled ‘duet on the anterior lateral surface of each resis. Extending from the epididymis is an ascending tube, the spermatic cord, wich consists of the vas 1 smallintesine 2 heart 5. let fiver lobe 4 Kidney 5. ureter 6 usnayy binder 1 shin eltected 8 penie 9 testes 10 Lage intestineJones and Ut Pubhers SorallPine Dive Siu 0175 ‘np com wither Jones and let Publhers Canads [an8 Grind Missbomnpe, Ontario UV U2 Sona Jones sn anie Publishers tnteraioal Fatitowe a Stews {onuon vs 7 Ute Kgl Jones anes boks sd pact ae eae gh mon ketoenols ent Joe ad Batt Pbticher dct al 800835 005%, fan Ot-483 800, ors tr ehee wp com, Susana counts on Balk quantities of Jones and ats plication are avnlaleoeorporations profesional wsocations, ‘nd ster qualified organisms Fr dca ant spcie dscaut informacion corac the spec sas Separment foes and iat athe ame Sontact information ot seal a ema especie com, Copyright 2010 by Jones and Bart Publier, LLC Libary of Congress Cataloging tn Publication Data Dommerengs, Anne 8. ‘hlabortoy textbook af anatomy and physiology: ot version / Anne B Dennetsberger—8th Inco te ISpN o780-7037-9550-8 Gk. pape) 1 Piyslolgy xpeinenal—taorstry manok, 2, Cats—Physiol Laborany matin $ Dhsecton taberory mans TW TONLE TL. Anatomy, Compantive—tabontory Maal, 2. Cate—anatomy & htloyy—Laboraory Mantle 3. CatmpiyniologeLaborainy Marna Disston—velerinany-—Laoratory Mota (9535 batt 2005) os. arT 2008 (12 Gore ded? 2008013747 Laboratory mails. 3. Cais—Anatomy— Pmt ts inlSion ates PHYSIOLOGYChapter 33 Ovariohysterectomy and Ovariectomy lective ovariohyserectomy ("spay") is commonly performed co prevent ‘etrous eveles and unwanted pregnancy. Aldona benefits include prever: tion of pyometra and ovarian oF uterine neoplasia. Spaying, dogs and ats before their Firs estrus dramatically decreases their feime risk of marmmary nneoplesa, while spaying cats after 2 years of age or dogs after 2.54 years of age has minimal effect on mammary rumor development ‘Ovarioinyscerectomy is periormed shetapeutically in animals with pyometra, dystocia, uterine or ovarian cancer and vaginal lyperpiasia or peolapse. In clogs with congenital clotting disorders, ofariohystereeromy prevent life threatening hemorrhage that can occur during estrus, Ovariabysterectomy for cvariectemy ako eliminates hormonal changes that cin interfere ith ‘medbecal therapy for diahetes mellitus o- epilepsy ‘Adverse eects of ovary removal include obesity and a greater potential foe urinary incontinence, particularly in those dogs spayed ata very young age. Ovariohysteretomy has also been associated) with an ineceased risk for slevclopment of transitional cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, most eel ramon, Jymphorna, hemangosarcoms, and joine disecse in some dog breeds, For ‘example golden rtievers spayed before 6 months of age have « 20% risk of risk o ein diseases (eg cranial eracat ligament eupeue),cornpared wich a 5% rsh in ncact dogs, Whether these conditions result direty from hosrmovall Ucfccrcies of as a consequence of obesity as selection hits is unknown however, the fat that they oceur a higher rates illustrates the importance oF consdering breed and other bse in determining when alfa dog shoul be gonadectomized ‘Ovariectomy without hysterectomy i becom 18 more comenon, partic larly with laparoseopie spays. Ovariectmny alone docs mot increase the cisk fof pyometea, since development of enklometritis, pyometra, of stump pyomctra requites endeennas ar exogenous proxestogens, Ovariccomy nay be less rraumatic than avariohysterectemy because the incision size fs smaller and issues are handled less. The only inereased risk compared with ovatiohysterccromy is for serine tamor development. Incidence of vrerine rumors in dogs 16 low (0.03%), and 90% of the rumors ars benign Iovomyoma. kr Wry SS he Pablo 3017 by Jun Wey 8 Sn ns{207 Wy aon reso © Kae Tole tdo) Ahern Nopiroehis paleo my hemor goesine aril pen. Soci eines nce ag ‘oes here cohen ai a dr hd nmin asard fio) tke ILA Luray of Congo Calin bloom Data Nanaia Karr Me aston Desc esa ein len, N:Joba Wi & Sone, 27.1 Tacs bigraphical esas ninde Meiers LCN 201703001 SEN 9119117247 fh ‘Sirs LCS Verena sry Sf isin | MESH Sire. 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