SQUARES, SQUARE
ROOTS, CUBES AND CUBE
ROOTS
SQUARES OF NUMBERS
(A) Stating the square of a number
1. The square of number is a product of the number multiplied by itself.
2. The square of a number can be written either in the expanded form or the index
form (with the square notation ( 2 )).
For example :
There are two methods that can be used to estimate the squares of numbers.
Method 1: By approximation
Round off the number to the nearest whole number or to one decimal point that
can be easily squared.
For example:
Method 2: By determaining the range
The square of a number can be estimated by stating it between two values that
can be easily squared.
3. Perfect squares are whole numbers. Thus, decimals and fractions are not
perfect squares.
Finding the square root of a number is the inverse process (opposite) of squaring.
(C) Determining the Square Roots of Positive Numbers Without Using a
Calculator
The square root of a fraction is computed by finding the square root of the
numerator and the denominator.
Example :
Some fractions are reduced to lowest terms in order to find their square roots.
Example :
The square root of a decimal can be found by changing the decimal to a fraction
and then finding the square root of its numerator and denominator.
Example :
(D) Multiplying Two Square Roots
The product of two square roots of the same number will produce the number
itself.
Example :
The product of two square roots of two different numbers can be found by
multiplying the two numbers first and then finding its square root.
Example :
(E) Estimating the Square Roots of Numbers
Round off the given number to the nearest whole number from which the square
root can be found easily.
1. The cube of a number is the product of the number multiplied by itself twice.
2. The symbol of cube is ' ³ '. The cube can be represented in two ways, that are
the expanded form and the index form.
For example :
3. The cube of numbers can be read in several ways.
For example :
5 ³ is read as
(i) five cubed
(ii) five to the power of three
(iii) the cube of five
(- 6)³ = - 6 x ( - 6)x(-6)
= 36 x ( - 6 )
= - 216
Like the square and square root, we can estimate the cube of a number by
approximation or by determining the range where the value of the cube lies.
(D) Determining the cubes of numbers using a calculator
To obtain the cube of a given number using a calculator, press the given number
followed by :
(E) Solving problems involving cubes of numbers
When performing mixed operations on squares, square roots, cubes and cube roots,
follow the order of operations as below.