Banun Kusumawardani
Bagian Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Jember, Jawa Timur
ABSTRACT
Periodontal disease affects oral health in the mast people. Some researches have found and review the
relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke,
and pregnancy complication. However, there is detailed explanation about the mechanism that analysis how the
relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy complication. The objective of this study was to review
biological mechanism that correlated periodontal disease and pregnancy complication. Periodontal disease was
able to cause alteration abnormal systemic immune which underlies pregnancy complication. Periodontal
pathogen bacteria were directly colonized in placenta, and they caused local inflammation respond that caused
pre-maturity and other pregnancy complications.
Korespondensi: Banun Kusumawardani, Bagian Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Jember. Alamat: Jl.
Kalimantan 37 Jember 68121, Indonesia. Email: kusumawardani_banun@yahoo.co.id
110
P
Penyakit Period
dontal dan Kom
mplikasi Kehamillan… (Banun K))
Konsekuensinya
K a adalah peny yakit periodonttal prosstaglandin dan n persalinan, da an level sitokin
j
juga dapat me enginduksi komp plikasi kehamilaan ini telah
t ditemuka an meningkat dalamd cairan
y
yang dimediasi infeksi sistem mik dan proses amniotik pasien dengan in nfeksi cairan
i
inflamasi, dan hasil uji klin nis menunjukka an amniotik pada kasus persalinan prematur.[26]
b
bahwa perawa atan infeksi perriodontal berha asil Level intraamnio otik PGE2 dan TNF-α
m
menurunkan ke
ejadian komplik kasi kehamilan. meningkat sela
ama kehamillan hingga
Dua mekanisme potensiial ambang batas kritis untuk menginduksi
m
menjelaskan h
hubungan kessehatan rongg ga kelaahiran, dilatasi servik dan persalinan.27]
m
mulut dan kom mplikasi keham milan.15 Pertama, Lipoopolisakarida (LPS), salah sattu komponen
p
penyakit periodontal
p menyebabka an mikroba, dapat mengaktivasi
m m
makrofag dan
p
perubahan abnormal imun nologis sistemik, sel-ssel lainnya untuk menssintesis dan
y
yang menda asari komplikasi kehamilaan. mensekresi berbag gai molekul, te ermasuk IL-16,
P
Peningkatan in
nflamasi sistemik menyebabka an TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2 daan matrix
p
peningkatan le
evel C-reactive e protein (CRP P), mettalloproteinase.28 LPS dan mediator
y
yang mening gkatkan risiko preeklampsia. infla
amasi dapat b bertindak sebag gai ancaman
T
Translokasi bak kteri oral ke dalam plasenta yanng potensial pada unit fetop plasenta dan
t
telah dibuktika an pada model hewan cob ba janin.29
d
dengan infeksi akut dan kroniss.16-18 Hipotesis kedua menyattakan bahwa
Mekanisme bio
ologis yanng bak kteri rongga mulut secarra langsung
m
menjelaskan huubungan periodontitis matern nal berkoloni dalam plasenta, menyebabkan m
d
dan bayi be erat lahir ren ndah premattur resppon inflamasi lokal yang me engakibatkan
m
melibatkan trranslokasi med diator inflama asi prematuritas da an komplikasi kehamilan
s
seperti IL-1 β, TN NFα dan prosta aglandin E2, ata au lainnya. Rasio sp pesies bakteri Gram-negatif
b
bakteri period dontal dan produknya
p daari ana aerob terhadap p spesies aerob b dalam plak
j
jaringan perio odontal ke un nit fetoplasenta gigii meningkat selama trime ester kedua
m
melalui sirkulassi sistemik, seh hingga memic cu kehhamilan,31 hal iini mendorong peningkatan
k
kelahiran prem matur.19 Peningk katan level IL-1β, produksi sitokin. Jikka bakteri ini ma ampu lolos ke
I
IL-6, TNF-α, β–g glukuronidase, PGE2, aspartate dala am sirkulasi sisteemik dan melintasi placental
a
aminotransfera se (ASST) daan barrrrier, bakte eri tersebuut dapat
m
metalloproteina ase-8 (MMMP-8), serta memperbanyak le evel fisiologis PGGE2 dan TNF-
p
penurunan leve el osteoprotegerin (OPG) tela ah α dalam
d cairan amniotik dan menginduksi
d
dideteksi tidak hanya pada jaringan
j gingiv
va, kelaahiran prematu ur. Penelitian pada
p hewan
g
gingival crevic cular fluid (GC CF) dan saliv va, con na menunjukka an paparan kro onis maternal
t
tetapi juga pada serum/plasma pasien yan ng pattogen perioodontal Poorphyromonas
m
menderita penyakit periodonttal.20-25 ginggivalis mengakkibatkan disem minasi sistemik,
Sitokinn, seperti IL-1, IL-6 dan TNF-α, passase transplase enta, dan pa aparan janin.
a
adalah pen nginduksi potensial sintesis 16,18,,32
Gambar 1.
1 Mekanisme biologis
b yang menghubungkan n penyakit perio odontal dan ko
omplikasi
kehamilan. Summber: Madianoss et al, 2013.30
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Stomatognatic (J. K. G Unej) Vol. 10 No. 3 2013: 110-114
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Penyakit Periodontal dan Komplikasi Kehamilan… (Banun K)
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