LAMPIRAN A

NERACA MASSA

Gambar A. 1 Blok diagram pembuatan sorbitol

Keterangan Gambar:
M-01 : Mixer S-02 : Flash Drum 2
R-01 : Trickle Bed Reactor S-03 : Vacuum Evaporator
S-01 : Flash Drum 1 S-04 : Adsorber

A. 1. Ketentuan yang digunakan

1. Kapasitas produksi sebesar 45000 ton/tahun.
Satu tahun pabrik beroperasi selama 330 hari
Satu hari pabrik beroperasi selama 24 jam
Sehingga produksi pabrik tiap jam :
ton kg 1 tahun 1 hari kg
45000 tahun x 1000 ton x 330 x 24 jam x =5681,8181jam
hari

2. Komposisi bahan baku

a. Glukosa
Glukosa = 99,7% (%w)
 Abu Sulfat = 0,2% (%w)
Chloride (Cl) = 0,1% (%w)
b. Hidrogen
H2 = 99,4% (%w)
H2O = 0,5% (%w)
CH4 = 0,1% (%w)
3. Komposisi Produk
Sorbitol = 70%
Glukosa = 0,07%
Air = 29,72%
Sulfat = 0,14%
Klorida = 0,07%
4. Reaksi
Reaksi utama yang terjadi :
Ni/Al

C6H12O6 + H2 C6H14O6
Meta xylene bereaksi sempurna dengan oksigen
Konversi : 99,9%
5. Data masing-masing komponen
Fi = laju massa total arus i (kg/jam)
FiXAi = laju massa komponen A pada arus i (kg/jam)
Berat molekul Titik Didih Titik Lebur
Komponen Simbol
(gr/mol) (0C) (0C)
Glukosa G 180,12 - 146
Hidrogen H 2 -259,9 -259,2
Sorbitol S 182,12 - 95
Natrium Sulfat NS 142,04 - 884
Natrium Klorida K 58,44 - 801
Metana M 16 -161,5 -182
Air W 18 100 0
 Analisa komponen tiap arus
Arus
Komponen F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18
G V V V V V V V V

H V V V V V V V V V V

S V V V V V

NS V V V V V V V V

K V V V V V V V V

M V V V V V V V V V V

W V V V V V V V V V V V V V V

Berdasarkan tabel diatas maka diketahui terdapat 62 (termasuk reaksi)

variable.
A. 2. Perhitungan Neraca Massa
A. 2. 1. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Mixer

Gambar A. 2 Skema neraca massa di sekitar mixer

 Komposisi pada arus 1

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,999
F1G = ............................................................. (1)
𝐵𝑀 𝐺𝑙𝑢𝑘𝑜𝑠𝑎
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,002
F1NS = ............................................................. (2)
𝐵𝑀 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑡
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,001
F1K = ............................................................. (3)
𝐵𝑀 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝐾𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎

 Komposisi pada arus 2

𝐹1𝐺
F2W = - F1NS –F1K – F1G ........................................................ (4)
0,4

 Komposisi pada arus 3

F3G = F1G..................................................................................... (5)
F3NS = F1NS ................................................................................... (6)
F3K = F1K..................................................................................... (7)
 F3W = F1W .................................................................................... (8)
A. 2. 2. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Pipa Pencampuran

Gambar A. 3 Skema neraca massa di sekitar pipa pencampuran

 Komposisi pada arus 4

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,994
F4H = ............................................................. (9)
𝐵𝑀 𝐻𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
0,001
F4M = 0,994 x F4H.......................................................................... (10)
0,005
F4W = 0,994 x F4H ......................................................................... (11)

 Komposisi arus 10
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,994
F10H = ............................................................. (12)
𝐵𝑀 𝐻𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛
0,001
F10M = 0,994 x F4H.......................................................................... (13)

 Komposisi arus 5
F5H = F4H + F10H.......................................................................... (14)
F5M = F4M + F10M......................................................................... (15)
F5W = F4W .................................................................................... (16)
 Komposisi arus 6
F6G = F1G..................................................................................... (17)
F6NS = F1NS ................................................................................... (18)
F6K = F1K..................................................................................... (19)
F6H = F5H..................................................................................... (20)
F6M = F5M .................................................................................... (21)
F6W = F3W + F5W .......................................................................... (22)
A. 2. 3. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Reaktor

Gambar A. 4 Skema neraca massa di sekitar reaktor

 Komposisi arus 7
F7G = F1G..................................................................................... (23)
F7NS = F6NS ................................................................................... (24)
F7K = F6K..................................................................................... (25)
F7H = F5H x BM Hidrogen .......................................................... (26)
F7M = F6M .................................................................................... (27)
F7S = F1G x BM Sorbitol............................................................. (28)
F7W = F6W .................................................................................... (29)

A. 2. 4. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Flash Drum 1

Gambar A. 5 Skema neraca massa di sekitar Flash Drum 1

 Komposisi arus 8
F8H = ........................................................................................... (30)
F8M = ........................................................................................... (31)
F8W = ........................................................................................... (32)
 Komposisi arus 11
 F11G = ........................................................................................... (33)
F11NS = ........................................................................................... (34)
F11K = ........................................................................................... (35)
F11H = .......................................................................................... (36)
F11M = .......................................................................................... (37)
F11S = .......................................................................................... (38)
F11W = .......................................................................................... (39)
A. 2. 5. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Flash Drum 2

Gambar A. 6 Skema neraca massa di sekitar Flash Drum 2

 Komposisi arus 12
F12H = ........................................................................................... (40)
F12M = ........................................................................................... (41)
F12W = ........................................................................................... (42)
 Komposisi arus 13
F13G = ........................................................................................... (43)
F13NS = ........................................................................................... (44)
F13K = ........................................................................................... (45)
F13H = .......................................................................................... (46)
F13M = .......................................................................................... (47)
F13S = .......................................................................................... (48)
F13W = .......................................................................................... (49)
A. 2. 6. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Adsorber
 Gambar A. 7 Skema neraca massa di sekitar Adsorber

 Komposisi arus 14
F14G = F13G ................................................................................... (50)
F14NS = F13NS .................................................................................. (51)
F14K = F13K ................................................................................... (52)
F14S = F13S .................................................................................... (53)
F14W = ........................................................................................... (54)
 Komposisi arus 15
F15H = ........................................................................................... (55)
F15M = ........................................................................................... (56)
F15W = ........................................................................................... (57)

A. 2. 7. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Vacuum Evaporator

Gambar A. 8 Skema neraca massa di sekitar Vacuum Evaporator

 Komposisi arus 9
 F9H = ........................................................................................... (58)
F9M = ........................................................................................... (59)
 Komposisi arus 16
F16W = ........................................................................................... (60)
 Komposisi arus 17
F17H = ........................................................................................... (61)
F17M = ........................................................................................... (62)

Penyelesaian Nomor Komponen Persamaan

Persamaan yang dihitung
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,999
1 1 F1G F1G =
𝐵𝑀 𝐺𝑙𝑢𝑘𝑜𝑠𝑎
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,002
2 2 F1NS F1NS =
𝐵𝑀 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑡

𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,001

3 3 F1K F1K =
𝐵𝑀 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝐾𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑎

4 4 F2W 𝐹1𝐺
F2W = - F1NS –F1K – F1G
0,4

5 5 F3G F3G = F1G

6 6 F3NS F3NS = F1NS
7 7 F3K F3K = F1K
8 8 F3W F3W = F1W
9 9 F4H 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,994
F4H = 𝐵𝑀 𝐻𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛

10 10 F4M 0,001
F4M = 0,994 x F4H

11 11 F4W 0,005
F4W = 0,994 x F4H

12 12 F10H 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0,994

F10H = 𝐵𝑀 𝐻𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛

13 13 F10M 0,001
F10M = x F4H
0,994

14 14 F5H F5H = F4H + F10H

15 15 F5M F5M = F4M + F10M
16 16 F5W F5W = F4W
17 17 F6G F6G = F1G
18 18 F6NS F6NS = F1NS
19 19 F6K F6K = F1K
20 20 F6H F6H = F5H
21 21 F6M F6M = F5M
22 22 F6W F6W = F3W + F5W
23 23 F7G F7G = F1G
24 24 F7NS F7NS = F6NS
25 25 F7K F7K = F6K
26 26 F7H F7H = F5H x BM Hidrogen
27 27 F7M F7M = F6M
28 28 F7S F7S = F1G x BM Sorbitol
29 29 F7W F7W = F6W
30 30 F8H F8H
31 31 F8M F8M
32 32 F8W F8W
33 33 F11G F11G
34 34 F11NS F11NS
35 35 F11K F11K
36 36 F11H F11H
37 37 F11M F11M
38 38 F11S F11S
39 39 F11W F11W
40 40 F12H F12H
41 41 F12M F12M
42 42 F12W F12W
43 43 F13G F13G
44 44 F13NS F13NS
45 45 F13K F13K
46 46 F13H F13H
47 47 F13M F13M
48 48 F13S F13S
49 49 F13W F13W
50 50 F14G F14G = F13G
 51 51 F14NS F14NS = F13NS
52 52 F14K F14K = F13K
53 53 F14S F14S = F13S
54 54 F14W F14W
55 55 F15H F15H
56 56 F15M F15M
57 57 F15W F15W
58 58 F9H F9H
59 59 F9M F9M
60 60 F16W F16W
61 61 F17H F17H
62 62 F17M F17M

Neraca Massa pada masing-masing unit:

1. Unit Reaktor R-01

 Karena larutan sorbitol yang diinginkan adalah 70%, maka,

FS14= 70% x 5681,81 = 3977,2053 kg/jam
FS7 = FS12 =FS13=FS14 = 3977,2053 kg/jam
Diketahui Sorbitol keluaran reaktor pada stream 7 sebesar 3977,2053
kg/jam, untuk mengetahui kebutuhan bahan baku dapat menggunakan
perhitungan stochiometri
C6H12O6 + H2 C6H14O6
Glukosa Hidrogen Sorbitol
 Reaksi Utama :
(kmol/jam) C6H12O6 H2  C6H14O6
Mula-mula FG6 FH6
Bereaksi x . FG6 x . FG6 x . FG6
Sisa FG7 FH7 FS7
 FS7 = x . FG6
𝐹𝑆7
FG6 = 𝑥
180
3977,2053 𝑥
182
FG6 = = 3937,1318 kg/jam
0,999

FG6 = FG3 = FG1 = 3937,1318 kg/jam

FH7 = FH6-(x . FG6) =

Secara keseluruhan pada arus 6 dan 7 dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini :
Komponen Arus
6 7
Kg/jam Kmol/jam Kg/jam Kmol/jam

2. Unit Mixer M-01

 Komposisi pada arus 1

FNS1 = 0,2% x F1 = 0,2% x 3948,9788 = 7,9 kg/jam
FNS1 = FNS3 = FNS6 = FNS7 = FNS11 = FNS13 = FNS14 = 7,9 kg/jam
FK1 = 0,1% x F1= 0,1% x 3948,9788 = 3,95 kg/jam
FK1 = FK3 = FK6 = FK7 = FK11 = FK13 = FK14 = 3,95 kg/jam
 Komposisi pada arus 3
0,6
FA3 = FG3 x 0,4= 5905,58 kg/jam

F3 = FA3 + FG3 + FNS3 + FK3 = 9854,56 kg/jam

 Komposisi pada arus 2
 A2 = A3 = 5905,58 kg/jam

3. Unit Pipa Pencampuran

 Komposisi pada arus 3

Diketahui:
P stream 3 = 88,73 atm
T stream 3 = 32,85 C
Densitas dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Peng-Robinson:

 RT  bP  VP 
V  b  V  bV  b   
 a  
Dengan:
R 2 Tc2
a  a
Pc
R Tc
b  b
Pc

 = 1-√2
 = 1+√2
Maka, didapat densitas (ρ) larutan glukosa = 1063 kg/m3
𝐹3 9854 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚
Volume larutan glukosa = ρ larutan = = 9,27 m3/jam
1063 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

Rasio laju alir volumetrik H2 : laju alir volumetrik larutan glukosa = 2258 :
1
2258
Volume H2 = 1
x Volume larutan glukosa = 20931,66 m3/jam
 FH2 = Volume H2 x Densitas H2 = 93585,45 kg/jam
Maka volume H2 pada T = 145°C dan P = 88,73 atm dapat dihitung:
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2
3
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑥 20931,66 𝑚 ⁄𝑗𝑎𝑚 88,73 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑥 𝑉2
=
303,15 𝐾 418,15

V2 = 325,4 m3/jam = VH5

Untuk mengubah volume menjadi atuan massa maka volume dikalikan
dengan densitas gas hidrogen pada 145 °C, 88,73 atm. Untuk menghitung densitas
gas hidrogen digunakan persamaan virial sebaga berikut:
B0 = 0,083 – 0,422/Tr1,6
B1 = 0,139 – 0,172/Tr4,2
B.Pc/(R.Tc) = B0 + ω.B1 Z = 1 + [B.Pc/(R.Tc)][Pr/Tr] ρvi = BM.P /(Z.R.T)
R = 0,08206 m3.atm.kmol-1.K-1
Tabel Error! No text of specified style in document..1. Data Perhitungan
Densitas Hidrogen
Komponen ω Pc Tc Pr Tr B0 B1
Hidrogen -0,22 13,13 33,19 5,13 12,60 0,08 0,14

Komponen B.Pc/(R.Tc) Z yi ρvi yi.ρvi

Hidrogen 0,05 1,02 1,00 3,89 3,89

Densitas gas hidrogen = 4,471 kg/m3

FH5 = VH5 x ρ hidrogen
= 325,4 m3/jam x 4,471kg/m3
= 1454,83 kg/jam
4. Unit Flash Drum 1 (S-01)
 Gambar A. 9 Skema neraca massa di sekitar flash drum
Diketahui:
y1 = komposisi hidrogen
y2 = komposisi methana
y3 = komposisi air
Diasumsikan glukosa, Na2SO4, NaCl, sorbitol terpisah secara
sempurna sebagai hasil bawah, sehingga harga konstanta kesetimbangannya (K)
dianggap nol. Pada perhitungan flash drum, berlaku hubungan kesetimbangan uap-
cair sebagai berikut:
𝑦𝑖 = 𝐾𝑖 𝑥𝑖
𝑃𝑖 0
𝐾𝑖 =
𝑃
𝑃𝑖 0
𝑦𝑖 = 𝑥
𝑃 𝑖
Berlaku pula:

∑ 𝑦𝑖 = 1

∑ 𝑥𝑖 = 1

Dibutuhkan tekanan uap masing-masing komponen yang akan

dipisahkan:
 Tekanan uap komponen dapat dihitung dengan persamaan:
𝐶2
𝑃 = exp[𝐶1 + + 𝐶3𝑙𝑛𝑇 + 𝐶4𝑇 𝐶5 ] (Perry vol. 7, 2-54)
𝑇
 Produk keluaran reaktor masuk ke dalam flash drum pada tekanan
sebesar 88,73 atm dengan T = 750C .
Tabel Error! No text of specified style in document..2. Data Perhitungan
Tekanan Uap Murni Komponen

Komponen C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Pi (Pa) Pi (Atm) Ki

Hidrogen 12.69 -94.896 1.1125 3,29 x 10-4 2 3,40 x 1025 3,36 x 1020 3,79 x 1018
Methana 1,0194x107 0,26087 -0,14694 0,22154 - 1,24 x 1047 1,23 x 1042 1,38 x 1040
Air 73.649 -7258.2 -7.3037 4,17 x 10-6 2 3,83 x 104 3,78 x 10-1 4,27 x 10-3

(Perry vol. 7, 2-53 s/d 2-54, 2-193)

NANTI LANJUTIN

5. Unit Flash Drum 2 (S-02)

6. Unit Vacuum Evaporator (S-03)

Gambar A. 10 Skema neraca massa di sekitar vacuum evaporator

Diinginkan produk sirup sorbitol 70%, sehingga air akan diuapkan
sebagian. Sehingga hasil atas dari evaporator hanya berupa air,
komponen lainnya dan sebagian air keluar sebagai hasil bawah.
Maka,
70 % 70
F14 = FS13 x 100 % = 3977,20 x 100 = 5681,72 kg/jam

 Komposisi pada arus 14

F14S = F13S
 F14G = F13G
F14NS = F13NS
F14K = F13K
F14W =
 Komposisi arus 15
F15H =
F15M =
F15W =

7. Unit Adsorber (S-04)

8. Recycle Hidrogen